Under the pressure of carbon neutrality,many carbon capture,utilization and storage technologies have witnessed rapid development in the recent years,including oxy-fuel combustion(OFC)technology.However,the convention...Under the pressure of carbon neutrality,many carbon capture,utilization and storage technologies have witnessed rapid development in the recent years,including oxy-fuel combustion(OFC)technology.However,the conventional OFC technology usually depends on the flue gas recirculation system,which faces significant investment,high energy consumption,and potential low-temperature corrosion problem.Considering these deficiencies,the direct utilization of pure oxygen to achieve particle fluidization and fuel combustion may reduce the overall energy consumption and CO_(2)-capture costs.In this paper,the fundamental structure of a self-designed 130 t·h^(-1) pure-oxygen combustion circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boiler was provided,and the computational particle fluid dynamics method was used to analyze the gas-solid flow characteristics of this new-concept boiler under different working conditions.The results indicate that through the careful selection of design or operational parameters,such as average bed-material size and fluidization velocity,the pure-oxygen combustion CFB system can maintain the ideal fluidization state,namely significant internal and external particle circulation.Besides,the contraction section of the boiler leads to the particle backflow in the lower furnace,resulting in the particle suspension concentration near the wall region being higher than that in the center region.Conversely,the upper furnace still retains the classic core-annulus flow structure.In addition to increasing solid circulation rate by reducing the average bed-material size,altering primary gas ratio and bed inventory can also exert varying degrees of influence on the gas-solid flow characteristics of the pure-oxygen combustion CFB boiler.展开更多
The thermogravimetric analyzer and horizontal tube furnace are used to study the effects of operation parameters such as temperature, fuel type, and oxygen concentration on the combustion and NO emission characteristi...The thermogravimetric analyzer and horizontal tube furnace are used to study the effects of operation parameters such as temperature, fuel type, and oxygen concentration on the combustion and NO emission characteristics of the rice husk, rice straw, and peanut shell in the O2/CO2 atmosphere. The results show that the combustion performances of volatile matter and fixed carbon of the three biomasses increase with the increase in the 02 content. The mean NO emission increases sharply when the reaction temperature increases from 700 to 800℃. However, it increases slightly when the temperature exceeds 800 ℃. Meanwhile, the mean NO emission and nitrogen conversion decrease with the increase in the nitrogen content in biomass. The mean NO emission changes little with different oxygen concentrations, and the NO emissions of the three biomasses are all lower than the requirement for the minimum NO emission. Increasing the oxygen concentration favors the biomass combustion in the O2/CO2 atmosphere, and oxygen concentration has little effect on the NO emission.展开更多
This paper presents the experimental investigations of the emissions of SO2, NO and N20 in a bench scale circulating fluidized bed combustor for coal combustion and co-firing coal and biomass. The thermal capacity of ...This paper presents the experimental investigations of the emissions of SO2, NO and N20 in a bench scale circulating fluidized bed combustor for coal combustion and co-firing coal and biomass. The thermal capacity of the combustor is 30 kW. The setup is electrically heated during startup. The infuence of the excess air, the degree of the air staging, the biomass share and the feeding position of the fuels on the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O were studied. The results showed that an increase in the biomass shares resulted in an increase of the CO concentration in the flue gas, probably due to the high volatile content of the biomass. In co-firing, the emission of SO2 increased with increasing biomass share slightly, however, non-linear increase relationship between SO2 emission and fuel sulfur content was observed. Air staging significantly decreased the NO emission without raising the SO2 level. Although the change of the fuel feeding position from riser to downer resulted in a decrease in the NO emission level, no obvious change was observed for the SO2 level. Taking the coal feeding position R as a reference, the relative NO emission could significantly decrease during co-firing coal and biomass when feeding fuel at position D and keeping the first stage stoichiometry greater than 0.95. The possible mechanisms of the sulfur and nitrogen chemistry at these conditions were discussed and the ways of simultaneous reduction of SO2, NO and N2O were proposed.展开更多
The temperature dependence on the reaction of desulfurization reagent CaCO3 and SO2 in O2/CO2 coal combustion was investigated by thcrmogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction measurement and pore structure analysis. ...The temperature dependence on the reaction of desulfurization reagent CaCO3 and SO2 in O2/CO2 coal combustion was investigated by thcrmogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction measurement and pore structure analysis. The results show that the conversion of the reaction of CaCO3 and SO2 in air is higher at 500-1 100 ℃ and lower at 1 200 ℃ compared with that in O2/CO2 atmosphere. The conversion can be increased by increasing the concentration of SO2, which causes the inhibition of CaSO4 decomposition and shifting of the reaction equilibrium toward the products. XRD analysis of the product shows that the reaction mechanism of CaCO3 and SO2 differs with temperature in O2/CO2 atmosphere, i.e. CaCO3 directly reacts with SO2 at 500 ℃ and CaO from CaCO3 decomposition reacts with SO2 at 1 000 ℃. The pore analysis of the products indicates that the maximum specific surface area of the products accounts for the highest conversion at 1 100 ℃ in O2/CO2 atmosphere. The results reveal that the effect of the atmosphere on the conversion is temperature dependence.展开更多
Ni-Y2O3 nanocomposite powder with uniform distribution of fine oxide particles in the metal matrix was successfully fabricated via solution combustion process followed by hydrogen reduction. The combustion behavior wa...Ni-Y2O3 nanocomposite powder with uniform distribution of fine oxide particles in the metal matrix was successfully fabricated via solution combustion process followed by hydrogen reduction. The combustion behavior was investigated by DTA-TG analysis. The influence of urea to nickel nitrate（U/Ni） ratio on the combustion behavior and morphology evolution of the combusted powder was investigated. The morphological characteristics and phase transformation of the combusted powder and the reduced powder were characterized by FESEM, TEM and XRD. The HRTEM image of Ni-Y2O3 nanocomposite powder indicated that Y2O3 particles with average particle size of about 10 nm dispersed uniformly in the nickel matrix.展开更多
The non-grinding long afterglow material SrAl2O4：Eu^2＋ , Dy^3＋ was prepared by combustion method in home mierowave oven direetly, after dispersant, frother, eomburent, and mineralizer were added into the reacting s...The non-grinding long afterglow material SrAl2O4：Eu^2＋ , Dy^3＋ was prepared by combustion method in home mierowave oven direetly, after dispersant, frother, eomburent, and mineralizer were added into the reacting system. XRD analysis showed that the powders were nearly pure SrAl2O4 phase with few other phases, and the size of the grain was 41.1 nm. Fluoreseenee speetrum results indieated that there were 2 exeitation peaks loeated at 345 and 400 nm, and the emission peak loeated at 516 nm, afterglow lasted up to 30 min or more. The mierowave eombustion method has advantages of less time, low temperature and no grinding process, and the material made by the method has good luminescent property.展开更多
Galvanic deposition method was used to prepare the Pd/Ni-Al2O3-GD catalyst for the combustion of methane under lean conditions. The new catalyst and compared catalysts （Pd/Al2O3-IW, Pd-Ni/Al2O3-IW, Pd/Ni-Al2O3-IW） p...Galvanic deposition method was used to prepare the Pd/Ni-Al2O3-GD catalyst for the combustion of methane under lean conditions. The new catalyst and compared catalysts （Pd/Al2O3-IW, Pd-Ni/Al2O3-IW, Pd/Ni-Al2O3-IW） prepared by incipient wetness impregnation were characterized by N2-physisorption, XRD and TEM to clarify particle size and size distribution of palladium species. Combined O2-TPD and XPS results with the catalytic data, it shows that the surface palladium species with low valence exhibits better combustion performance due to their stronger interaction with support. The results indicate that the galvanic deposition method is an effective route to prepare efficient catalyst for methane combustion, and it also provides useful information for improving the present commercial catalyst.展开更多
Y2O3:Eu3+ powders were synthesized by combustion method and the influence of dispersant was investigated.XRD analysis indicated that the particle size increased with a small amount of dispersant firstly and then decre...Y2O3:Eu3+ powders were synthesized by combustion method and the influence of dispersant was investigated.XRD analysis indicated that the particle size increased with a small amount of dispersant firstly and then decreased with a further increase of dispersant.The morphologies of the powders were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM).SEM images revealed that an appropriate amount of dispersant could reduce the agglomeration significantly.Due ...展开更多
Al2O3-metal composite coatings with different reactants and diluents were fabricated on mild steel plate with nonpressure combustion synthesis process. The coat-ings were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, s...Al2O3-metal composite coatings with different reactants and diluents were fabricated on mild steel plate with nonpressure combustion synthesis process. The coat-ings were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spec-trometry, respectively. Thermal shock tests were carried out to determine the bond strength of the coating with the steel substrate. The results indicate that the coating is composed of α-A1203, α-（Fe-Cr） and Al2SiO5 as the main phases. It is found that the coating with the diluents of Al2O3-SiO2 and transition layer of Al2O3-Cr presents the hi.ghest hardness of 2270 HV0.2 and the lowest porosity of 3.93 %. Owing to a metallurgical bond of the coating-to-substrate, the coating exhibits a good thermal shock resistance.展开更多
Studies the combustion synthesis of Al Ti TiO 2 system and concludes that, due to its low exothermic nature, a stable combustion wave can be maintained only when the system is ignited at a certain preheating temperatu...Studies the combustion synthesis of Al Ti TiO 2 system and concludes that, due to its low exothermic nature, a stable combustion wave can be maintained only when the system is ignited at a certain preheating temperature, and coupled with appropriate pseudo HIP process, dense TiAl/Al 2O 3 composites with density as high as 97% of the theoretical value can be produced, and points out. Microstructure observation shows in situ formed Al 2O 3 particles are of an average size smaller than one micron, and the hardness of TiAl matrix is enhanced by introduction of these particles.展开更多
The Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 solid solution and CeO2 were prepared using the sol-gel method. The phase structure, crystallite sizes and the reducibility of the catalysts were characterized by XRD and H2-TPR techniques. XRD result...The Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 solid solution and CeO2 were prepared using the sol-gel method. The phase structure, crystallite sizes and the reducibility of the catalysts were characterized by XRD and H2-TPR techniques. XRD results indicated that Zr^4＋ had replaced part of Ce^4＋ to form a fluorite-like solid solution, which was favorable to obtain ultrafine nanoparticles. The ratio of main HE consumption for Ce0.7Zr0.3O2：CeO2 was 4.4：1.0, implying that the solid solution could improve the reducibility compared to the single CeO2. The Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 solid solution catalyst showed a sharp combustion peak at 397 ℃, which was 200 ℃ lower than that of the single soot. The good catalytic activity of the Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 was attributed to the formation of nano-CeO2-based solid solution, which enhanced the reducibility and then improved the combustion activity. As Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 could be easily reduced to Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-x meanwhile, after oxygenation, the Ce0.7Zr0.3O2.x was recovered to Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 completely. A catalytic combustion reaction mechanism was proposed： the Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 was reduced to Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-x by the reaction with carbon and then it was recovered to Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-x by the interaction with O2.展开更多
High-efficient Tb^3＋ activated SrAl2O4 phosphor was synthesized by a combined combustion-solid-state reaction method. The precursor of SrAl2O4：Th^3＋ phosphor was prepared via a combustion process, and then the as-p...High-efficient Tb^3＋ activated SrAl2O4 phosphor was synthesized by a combined combustion-solid-state reaction method. The precursor of SrAl2O4：Th^3＋ phosphor was prepared via a combustion process, and then the as-prepared powder was heated in a reductive ambient of activated carbon at 1250 ℃ for 1 h. The results of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectra revealed the influence of the dosage of urea and heated process on the crystallinity, morphology, and photoluminescence of the phosphor. Comparing with traditional solid-sate reaction, the crystallinity and emission intensity of the SrAl2O4：Tb^3＋ phosphor were improved by this two-step process.展开更多
To understand the dispersion behavior of metal oxides on composite oxide supports and with the expectation of developing more feasible catalysts for soot oxidation,CuO/La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)samples containing varied CuO lo...To understand the dispersion behavior of metal oxides on composite oxide supports and with the expectation of developing more feasible catalysts for soot oxidation,CuO/La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)samples containing varied CuO loadings were fabricated and characterized by different techniques and density functional theory calculations.In these catalysts,a spontaneous dispersion of CuO on the La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)pyrochlore support formed,having a monolayer dispersion capacity of 1.90 mmol CuO/100 m^(2) La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)surface.When loaded below this capacity,CuO exists in a sub-monolayer or monolayer state.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Raman spectroscopy,and Bader charge and density of states analyses indicate that there are strong interactions between the sub-monolayer/monolayer CuO and the La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)support,mainly through the donation of electrons from Cu to Sn at the B-sites of the structure.In contrast,Cu has negligible interactions with La at the A-sites.This suggests that,in composite oxide supports containing multiple metals,the supported metal oxide interacts preferentially with one kind of metal cation in the support.The Raman,in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy,and XPS results confirmed the formation of both O2^(-)and O2^(2-)as the active sites on the surfaces of the CuO/La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)catalysts,and the concentration of these active species determines the soot combustion activity.The number of active oxygen anions increased with increase in CuO loading until the monolayer dispersion capacity was reached.Above the monolayer dispersion capacity,microsized CuO crystallites formed,and these had a negative effect on the generation of active surface oxygen sites.In summary,a highly active catalyst can be prepared by covering the surface of the La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)support with a CuO monolayer.展开更多
Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 solid solution was prepared by the co-precipitation method. Fe2O3-based catalysts supported on the solid solution were obtained by the impregnation method. The article revealed that the optimal lo...Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 solid solution was prepared by the co-precipitation method. Fe2O3-based catalysts supported on the solid solution were obtained by the impregnation method. The article revealed that the optimal loading amount of Fe2O3 on Ce0.67Zr0.33 O2-Al2O3 in our experimental condition for catalytic combustion of methane was 8% （ mass fraction）. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET, TPR, XRD analyses, and their catalytic activity was investigated after being calcined at 873 K and after being aged in water gas at 1273 K. When the loading amount of Fe203 was 8% （ mass fraction）, the catalyst held the highest activity, and the best temperature speciality and thermal stability. The complete-conversion temperature of methane for fresh and aged sample was 788 and 838 K, respectively. The range between the light-off temperature and the complete-conversion temperature was only 15 K. The characterization results of XRD indicated that Fe2O3 was well dispersed on the Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 matrix. The results of BET and TPR were in good harmony with the catalytic activity results.展开更多
Y2O3：Eu3＋ phosphors co-doped with different metal cations （Li＋, Na＋, K＋, Mg2＋, Ca2＋） are prepared by the gel- combustion method with Y2O3：Eu3＋, and R（NO3）x （R = Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca） serving as raw materi...Y2O3：Eu3＋ phosphors co-doped with different metal cations （Li＋, Na＋, K＋, Mg2＋, Ca2＋） are prepared by the gel- combustion method with Y2O3：Eu3＋, and R（NO3）x （R = Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca） serving as raw materials and glycine as fuel, calcined at 1000 ℃ for 2 h. The synthesized Y203 ：Eu3＋ phosphors doped with different metal cations and doping ratios are characterized by x-ray diffractometry （XRD）, fluorescence and phosphorescent spectrophotometer. The co-doping metal cations are advantageous to the development of Y203：Eu3＋ lattice. All the samples can emit red light peaked at 611 nm under 254-nm excited. The luminescence intensities of co-doping samples are increased because the cations increase the electron transition probability of Eu3＋ from 5D0 level to 7F level. The fluorescence lifetime of Eu3＋ （SD0 --＋7F2） is increased by doping metal cations.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4100305).
文摘Under the pressure of carbon neutrality,many carbon capture,utilization and storage technologies have witnessed rapid development in the recent years,including oxy-fuel combustion(OFC)technology.However,the conventional OFC technology usually depends on the flue gas recirculation system,which faces significant investment,high energy consumption,and potential low-temperature corrosion problem.Considering these deficiencies,the direct utilization of pure oxygen to achieve particle fluidization and fuel combustion may reduce the overall energy consumption and CO_(2)-capture costs.In this paper,the fundamental structure of a self-designed 130 t·h^(-1) pure-oxygen combustion circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boiler was provided,and the computational particle fluid dynamics method was used to analyze the gas-solid flow characteristics of this new-concept boiler under different working conditions.The results indicate that through the careful selection of design or operational parameters,such as average bed-material size and fluidization velocity,the pure-oxygen combustion CFB system can maintain the ideal fluidization state,namely significant internal and external particle circulation.Besides,the contraction section of the boiler leads to the particle backflow in the lower furnace,resulting in the particle suspension concentration near the wall region being higher than that in the center region.Conversely,the upper furnace still retains the classic core-annulus flow structure.In addition to increasing solid circulation rate by reducing the average bed-material size,altering primary gas ratio and bed inventory can also exert varying degrees of influence on the gas-solid flow characteristics of the pure-oxygen combustion CFB boiler.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.1508085ME73)the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education(No.201406)
文摘The thermogravimetric analyzer and horizontal tube furnace are used to study the effects of operation parameters such as temperature, fuel type, and oxygen concentration on the combustion and NO emission characteristics of the rice husk, rice straw, and peanut shell in the O2/CO2 atmosphere. The results show that the combustion performances of volatile matter and fixed carbon of the three biomasses increase with the increase in the 02 content. The mean NO emission increases sharply when the reaction temperature increases from 700 to 800℃. However, it increases slightly when the temperature exceeds 800 ℃. Meanwhile, the mean NO emission and nitrogen conversion decrease with the increase in the nitrogen content in biomass. The mean NO emission changes little with different oxygen concentrations, and the NO emissions of the three biomasses are all lower than the requirement for the minimum NO emission. Increasing the oxygen concentration favors the biomass combustion in the O2/CO2 atmosphere, and oxygen concentration has little effect on the NO emission.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90210034, 50576101,20221603)
文摘This paper presents the experimental investigations of the emissions of SO2, NO and N20 in a bench scale circulating fluidized bed combustor for coal combustion and co-firing coal and biomass. The thermal capacity of the combustor is 30 kW. The setup is electrically heated during startup. The infuence of the excess air, the degree of the air staging, the biomass share and the feeding position of the fuels on the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O were studied. The results showed that an increase in the biomass shares resulted in an increase of the CO concentration in the flue gas, probably due to the high volatile content of the biomass. In co-firing, the emission of SO2 increased with increasing biomass share slightly, however, non-linear increase relationship between SO2 emission and fuel sulfur content was observed. Air staging significantly decreased the NO emission without raising the SO2 level. Although the change of the fuel feeding position from riser to downer resulted in a decrease in the NO emission level, no obvious change was observed for the SO2 level. Taking the coal feeding position R as a reference, the relative NO emission could significantly decrease during co-firing coal and biomass when feeding fuel at position D and keeping the first stage stoichiometry greater than 0.95. The possible mechanisms of the sulfur and nitrogen chemistry at these conditions were discussed and the ways of simultaneous reduction of SO2, NO and N2O were proposed.
基金Project(50525619) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(306012) supported by the Key Foundation of Ministry of Education of China
文摘The temperature dependence on the reaction of desulfurization reagent CaCO3 and SO2 in O2/CO2 coal combustion was investigated by thcrmogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction measurement and pore structure analysis. The results show that the conversion of the reaction of CaCO3 and SO2 in air is higher at 500-1 100 ℃ and lower at 1 200 ℃ compared with that in O2/CO2 atmosphere. The conversion can be increased by increasing the concentration of SO2, which causes the inhibition of CaSO4 decomposition and shifting of the reaction equilibrium toward the products. XRD analysis of the product shows that the reaction mechanism of CaCO3 and SO2 differs with temperature in O2/CO2 atmosphere, i.e. CaCO3 directly reacts with SO2 at 500 ℃ and CaO from CaCO3 decomposition reacts with SO2 at 1 000 ℃. The pore analysis of the products indicates that the maximum specific surface area of the products accounts for the highest conversion at 1 100 ℃ in O2/CO2 atmosphere. The results reveal that the effect of the atmosphere on the conversion is temperature dependence.
基金Project(2132046)supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProject(51104007)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Ni-Y2O3 nanocomposite powder with uniform distribution of fine oxide particles in the metal matrix was successfully fabricated via solution combustion process followed by hydrogen reduction. The combustion behavior was investigated by DTA-TG analysis. The influence of urea to nickel nitrate（U/Ni） ratio on the combustion behavior and morphology evolution of the combusted powder was investigated. The morphological characteristics and phase transformation of the combusted powder and the reduced powder were characterized by FESEM, TEM and XRD. The HRTEM image of Ni-Y2O3 nanocomposite powder indicated that Y2O3 particles with average particle size of about 10 nm dispersed uniformly in the nickel matrix.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20476002)
文摘The non-grinding long afterglow material SrAl2O4：Eu^2＋ , Dy^3＋ was prepared by combustion method in home mierowave oven direetly, after dispersant, frother, eomburent, and mineralizer were added into the reacting system. XRD analysis showed that the powders were nearly pure SrAl2O4 phase with few other phases, and the size of the grain was 41.1 nm. Fluoreseenee speetrum results indieated that there were 2 exeitation peaks loeated at 345 and 400 nm, and the emission peak loeated at 516 nm, afterglow lasted up to 30 min or more. The mierowave eombustion method has advantages of less time, low temperature and no grinding process, and the material made by the method has good luminescent property.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21273221)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, 2011AA03A406)
文摘Galvanic deposition method was used to prepare the Pd/Ni-Al2O3-GD catalyst for the combustion of methane under lean conditions. The new catalyst and compared catalysts （Pd/Al2O3-IW, Pd-Ni/Al2O3-IW, Pd/Ni-Al2O3-IW） prepared by incipient wetness impregnation were characterized by N2-physisorption, XRD and TEM to clarify particle size and size distribution of palladium species. Combined O2-TPD and XPS results with the catalytic data, it shows that the surface palladium species with low valence exhibits better combustion performance due to their stronger interaction with support. The results indicate that the galvanic deposition method is an effective route to prepare efficient catalyst for methane combustion, and it also provides useful information for improving the present commercial catalyst.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10774140)Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJCX2-YW-M11)+1 种基金Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20060358054)Special Foundation for Talents of Anhui Province,China (2007Z021)
文摘Y2O3:Eu3+ powders were synthesized by combustion method and the influence of dispersant was investigated.XRD analysis indicated that the particle size increased with a small amount of dispersant firstly and then decreased with a further increase of dispersant.The morphologies of the powders were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM).SEM images revealed that an appropriate amount of dispersant could reduce the agglomeration significantly.Due ...
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Education of China(No.625010312)
文摘Al2O3-metal composite coatings with different reactants and diluents were fabricated on mild steel plate with nonpressure combustion synthesis process. The coat-ings were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spec-trometry, respectively. Thermal shock tests were carried out to determine the bond strength of the coating with the steel substrate. The results indicate that the coating is composed of α-A1203, α-（Fe-Cr） and Al2SiO5 as the main phases. It is found that the coating with the diluents of Al2O3-SiO2 and transition layer of Al2O3-Cr presents the hi.ghest hardness of 2270 HV0.2 and the lowest porosity of 3.93 %. Owing to a metallurgical bond of the coating-to-substrate, the coating exhibits a good thermal shock resistance.
文摘Studies the combustion synthesis of Al Ti TiO 2 system and concludes that, due to its low exothermic nature, a stable combustion wave can be maintained only when the system is ignited at a certain preheating temperature, and coupled with appropriate pseudo HIP process, dense TiAl/Al 2O 3 composites with density as high as 97% of the theoretical value can be produced, and points out. Microstructure observation shows in situ formed Al 2O 3 particles are of an average size smaller than one micron, and the hardness of TiAl matrix is enhanced by introduction of these particles.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Z404383)
文摘The Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 solid solution and CeO2 were prepared using the sol-gel method. The phase structure, crystallite sizes and the reducibility of the catalysts were characterized by XRD and H2-TPR techniques. XRD results indicated that Zr^4＋ had replaced part of Ce^4＋ to form a fluorite-like solid solution, which was favorable to obtain ultrafine nanoparticles. The ratio of main HE consumption for Ce0.7Zr0.3O2：CeO2 was 4.4：1.0, implying that the solid solution could improve the reducibility compared to the single CeO2. The Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 solid solution catalyst showed a sharp combustion peak at 397 ℃, which was 200 ℃ lower than that of the single soot. The good catalytic activity of the Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 was attributed to the formation of nano-CeO2-based solid solution, which enhanced the reducibility and then improved the combustion activity. As Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 could be easily reduced to Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-x meanwhile, after oxygenation, the Ce0.7Zr0.3O2.x was recovered to Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 completely. A catalytic combustion reaction mechanism was proposed： the Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 was reduced to Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-x by the reaction with carbon and then it was recovered to Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-x by the interaction with O2.
基金Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (06TXTJJC14600, 07JCYBJC06400)the Key Technologies R&D Program of Shandong Province (2006gg2201014)
文摘High-efficient Tb^3＋ activated SrAl2O4 phosphor was synthesized by a combined combustion-solid-state reaction method. The precursor of SrAl2O4：Th^3＋ phosphor was prepared via a combustion process, and then the as-prepared powder was heated in a reductive ambient of activated carbon at 1250 ℃ for 1 h. The results of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectra revealed the influence of the dosage of urea and heated process on the crystallinity, morphology, and photoluminescence of the phosphor. Comparing with traditional solid-sate reaction, the crystallinity and emission intensity of the SrAl2O4：Tb^3＋ phosphor were improved by this two-step process.
文摘To understand the dispersion behavior of metal oxides on composite oxide supports and with the expectation of developing more feasible catalysts for soot oxidation,CuO/La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)samples containing varied CuO loadings were fabricated and characterized by different techniques and density functional theory calculations.In these catalysts,a spontaneous dispersion of CuO on the La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)pyrochlore support formed,having a monolayer dispersion capacity of 1.90 mmol CuO/100 m^(2) La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)surface.When loaded below this capacity,CuO exists in a sub-monolayer or monolayer state.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Raman spectroscopy,and Bader charge and density of states analyses indicate that there are strong interactions between the sub-monolayer/monolayer CuO and the La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)support,mainly through the donation of electrons from Cu to Sn at the B-sites of the structure.In contrast,Cu has negligible interactions with La at the A-sites.This suggests that,in composite oxide supports containing multiple metals,the supported metal oxide interacts preferentially with one kind of metal cation in the support.The Raman,in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy,and XPS results confirmed the formation of both O2^(-)and O2^(2-)as the active sites on the surfaces of the CuO/La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)catalysts,and the concentration of these active species determines the soot combustion activity.The number of active oxygen anions increased with increase in CuO loading until the monolayer dispersion capacity was reached.Above the monolayer dispersion capacity,microsized CuO crystallites formed,and these had a negative effect on the generation of active surface oxygen sites.In summary,a highly active catalyst can be prepared by covering the surface of the La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)support with a CuO monolayer.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Key Foundation of China (20333030)
文摘Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 solid solution was prepared by the co-precipitation method. Fe2O3-based catalysts supported on the solid solution were obtained by the impregnation method. The article revealed that the optimal loading amount of Fe2O3 on Ce0.67Zr0.33 O2-Al2O3 in our experimental condition for catalytic combustion of methane was 8% （ mass fraction）. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET, TPR, XRD analyses, and their catalytic activity was investigated after being calcined at 873 K and after being aged in water gas at 1273 K. When the loading amount of Fe203 was 8% （ mass fraction）, the catalyst held the highest activity, and the best temperature speciality and thermal stability. The complete-conversion temperature of methane for fresh and aged sample was 788 and 838 K, respectively. The range between the light-off temperature and the complete-conversion temperature was only 15 K. The characterization results of XRD indicated that Fe2O3 was well dispersed on the Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 matrix. The results of BET and TPR were in good harmony with the catalytic activity results.
文摘Y2O3：Eu3＋ phosphors co-doped with different metal cations （Li＋, Na＋, K＋, Mg2＋, Ca2＋） are prepared by the gel- combustion method with Y2O3：Eu3＋, and R（NO3）x （R = Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca） serving as raw materials and glycine as fuel, calcined at 1000 ℃ for 2 h. The synthesized Y203 ：Eu3＋ phosphors doped with different metal cations and doping ratios are characterized by x-ray diffractometry （XRD）, fluorescence and phosphorescent spectrophotometer. The co-doping metal cations are advantageous to the development of Y203：Eu3＋ lattice. All the samples can emit red light peaked at 611 nm under 254-nm excited. The luminescence intensities of co-doping samples are increased because the cations increase the electron transition probability of Eu3＋ from 5D0 level to 7F level. The fluorescence lifetime of Eu3＋ （SD0 --＋7F2） is increased by doping metal cations.
