上向流O_3-BAC工艺处理微污染湖泊水研究

以我国华东地区某湖泊水为原水,进行中试规模的上向流臭氧生物活性炭(O3—BAC)工艺研究,考察该工艺去除水中有机物的能力,以及工艺出水的生物稳定性和化学安全性。研究结果表明:该工艺能有效去除有机物、氨氮和消毒副产物前体物,同时能提高出水的生物稳定性。该工艺出水CODMn、UV254和DOC的平均值分别为2.31mg/L、0.034cm-1和1.76mg/L,平均去除率为53.4%、67.3%和65.1%;三卤甲烷,卤乙酸和亚硝胺类副产物生成潜能的平均去除率分别为50.3%,59%和96.6%;AOC平均去除率为54.5%;工艺出水BDOC仅为0.56mg/L;且出水未检出BrO3-。因此,O3—BAC工艺适合处理该湖泊水且出水水质安全。

O_3-BAC深度处理工艺对有机物及三氯乙醛生成潜能的去除

以我国南方某O_3-BAC深度处理工艺水厂为研究对象,对工艺过程中有机物及三氯乙醛生成潜能(CHFP)进行每月一次为期1年的监测,同时对温度较高的夏季水样予以极性分离,以明晰O_3-BAC深度处理工艺对有机物及CHFP的去除能力与工艺过程中有机物的极性变化等。结果表明,O_3-BAC深度处理工艺原水TOC、UV_(254)、CHFP均呈现一定的季节性变化趋势,高温季节(4~9月)相对较高,范围分别为1.03~2.13mg/L、0.024 1~0.053 5cm^(-1)、17.49~41.40μg/L;O_3-BAC深度处理工艺对TOC、UV_(254)、CHFP去除率范围分别为31.54%~58.83%、46.59%~79.53%、46.20%~75.24%,混凝沉淀和BAC单元在去除有机物和CHFP中起主要作用。此外,臭氧化作用增加了亲水性有机物含量使CHFP升高,同时亦强化了BAC单元对CHFP的去除作用。

O_3/H_2O_2-BAC深度处理工艺对三氯乙醛生成潜能的去除

为提升O_3-BAC深度处理工艺水厂控制三氯乙醛(CH)超标风险能力,以我国南方某水厂常规工艺砂滤池出水和CH典型前体物水溶液为研究对象,分析H_2O_2投加量对O_3/H_2O_2-BAC深度处理工艺削减三氯乙醛生成潜能(CHFP)效能及有机物组成的影响,并确定最佳的工艺参数及CHFP削减机制。结果表明,O_3/H_2O_2-BAC深度处理工艺去除CHFP的最佳工艺参数:H_2O_2/O_3摩尔比为0.5(O_3投加量为1.5mg/L),此条件下,BAC工艺单元对砂滤出水、腐殖酸、蛋白质及天冬氨酸水溶液CHFP的去除率分别为79.10%、67.12%、70.36%和77.82%,其中,与单独投加1.5mg/L O_3相比,对砂滤出水CHFP的削减效能提高24.91个百分点。此外,H_2O_2的投加,通过增加O_3氧化后水体亲水性有机物浓度,进而强化BAC工艺单元对砂滤出水及CH典型前体物水溶液的CHFP去除。

O_3-BAC工艺处理高氨氮原水的问题探讨

本文结合 O3- BAC工艺中试研究中出现的情况 ,对该工艺在进水 NH3-

O_3-BAC工艺预臭氧投加量优化的中试研究

通过设计规模为5～15 m3.h-1的中试装置对O3-BAC工艺给水处理时预臭氧投加量进行了优化研究。结果表明,预臭氧投加量为0.5 mg.L-1时,沉淀池出水浊度为0.68 NTU,助凝效果最强,对比零投加量时,浊度去除绝对值为0.34 NTU;藻类灭活率为77.77%,细菌的灭菌率为84.1%,总大肠杆菌群的灭菌率为98.9%,灭藻灭菌综合效果最好。同时预臭氧对UV254、CODMn具有一定的去除效果,去除率随臭氧投加量增加而略有上升趋势。综合分析,针对Ⅱ～Ⅲ类水源,建议O3-BAC工艺给水处理预臭氧量最佳投加量为0.5 mg.L-1。

Hot deformation and processing maps of Al_2O_3/Al composites fabricated by flake powder metallurgy

The deformation behaviors of Al2O3/Al composites were investigated by compressive tests conducted at temperature of 300-450 °C and strain rates of 0.001-1.0 s-1 with Gleeble-1500 D thermal simulator system. The results show that the flow stress increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. The hyperbolic sine constitutive equation can describe the flow stress behavior of Al2O3/Al composites, and the deformation activation energy and constitutive equations were calculated. The processing maps of Al2O3/Al-2 μm and Al2O3/Al-1 μm composites at strain of 0.6 were obtained and the optimum processing domains are in ranges of 300-330 °C, 0.007-0.03 s-1 and 335-360 °C, 0.015-0.06 s-1 for hot working, respectively. The instability zones of flow behavior can also be recognized by the maps.

Influence of pretreatment process on structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of Li[Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)]O_2 cathode material

The layered Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 was separately synthesized by pretreatment process of ball mill method and solution phase route, using [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]3O4 and lithium hydroxide as raw materials. The physical and electrochemical behaviors of Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） and electrochemical charge/discharge cycling tests. The results show that the difference in pretreatment process results in the difference in compound Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 structure, morphology and the electrochemical characteristics. The Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 prepared by solution phase route maintains the uniform spherical morphology of the [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]3O4, and it exhibits a higher capacity retention and better rate capability than that prepared by ball mill method. The initial discharge capacity of this sample reaches 178 mA-h/g and the capacity retention after 50 cycles is 98.7% at a current density of 20 mA/g. Moreover, it delivers high discharge capacity of 135 mA-h/g at a current density of 1 000 mA/g.

O_3-BAC工艺处理饮用水源水中有机物的研究

对O3-BAC工艺的发展背景以及国内外在这一领域的研究进展作了简要的介绍,较系统地总结了臭氧氧化状况、滤料材质、接触时间、温度和反冲洗状态等影响因素对O3-BAC工艺净水效果的影响。

Formaldehyde degradation by UV/TiO_2/O_3 process using continuous flow mode

The degradation of formaldehyde gas was studied using UV/TiO2/O3 process under the condition of continuous flow mode. The effects of humidity, initial formaldehyde concentration, residence time and ozone adding amount on degradation of formaldehyde gas were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the combination of ozonation with photocatalytic oxidation on the degradation of formaldehyde showed a synergetic action, e.g,, it could considerably increase decomposing of formaldehyde. The degradation efficiency of formaldehyde was between 73.6% and 79.4% while the initial concentration in the range of 1.84--24 mg/m^3 by O3/TiO2flJV process. The optimal humidity was about 50% in UV/TiO2/O3 processs and degradation of formaldehyde increases from 39.0% to 94.1% when the ozone content increased from 0 to 141 mg/m^3. Furthermore, the kinetics of formaldehyde degradation reaction could be described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The rate constant k of 46.72 mg/（m^3.min） and Langmuir adsorption coefficient K of 0.0268 m^3/mg were obtained.

Degradation and mineralization of aniline by O_3/Fenton process enhanced using high-gravity technology

The degradation and mineralization of aniline （AN） using ozone combined with Fenton reagent （O3/Fenton） in a rotating packed bed （RPB） was proposed in this study, and the process （RPB-O3/Fenton） was compared with conventional O3/Fenton in a stirred tank reactor （STR-O3/Fenton） or single ozonation in an RPB （RPB-O3）, Effects of high gravity factor, H2O2 dosage, H2O2 dosing method and initial pH on the AN mineralization efficiency were investigated in the RPB-O3/Fenton process, In addition, the behavior of Fe（Ⅱ） was monitored at different H2O2 dosing methods and pH values. Finally, the optimal operation conditions were determined with high gravity factor of 100, initial pH of 5, Fe（Ⅱ） concentration of 0.8 mmol·L-1 and H2O2 dosage of 2.5 ml. Under these conditions, for aniline wastewater at the volume of I L and concentration of 200 mg· L- 1 ,a fast and thorough decay of AN was conducted in 10 min, and the TOC removal efficiency reached 89% in 60 min. The main intermediates of p-benzoquinone, nitrobenzene, maleic acid and oxalic acid were identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy （LC/MS）, and the degradation pathways of AN in RPB-O3/Fenton system were proposed based on experimental evidence. It could be envisioned that high-gravity technology combined with O3/Fenton processes would be promising in the rapid and efficient mineralization ofwastewater.

IN SITU PROCESSING OF Al_(2)O_(3) WHISKERS REINFORCED Ti-Al INTERMETALLIC COMPOSITES

In situ Al2O3 whiskers reinforced Ti-Al intermetallic composites were fabricated at ~1200℃ by reaction sintering of cold-consolidated fillets consisting mainly of Ti, Al, and different additives. The phases and microstructures of the sintered composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The process of synthesis was investigated using differential thermal analysis (DTA). The effects of processing parameters and additives on the microstructures of the composites and the development of whisker were examined. It is found that the morphology of the whisker is strongly influenced by the additives, the exothermal reaction process, and the processing parameters.

O_3-BAC工艺去除原水中氨氮及耗氧量的效果分析

目的分析O_3-BAC(臭氧—活性炭)深度水处理工艺去除原水中氨氮及耗氧量的效果,为政府制定供水规划,推广使用深度处理制水工艺提供科学依据。方法于2011—2016年,每月采集上海市某水厂原水、出厂水,按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2006)要求,对水样中氨氮及耗氧量指标进行检测。通过t检验对比分析该自来水厂采用O_3-BAC深度水处理工艺前后原水中氨氮、耗氧量的去除率,通过χ~2检验对比分析采用O_3-BAC深度水处理工艺前后出厂水中氨氮、耗氧量的合格率。结果常规水处理工艺对原水中氨氮的去除率为35.78%±33.45%,对耗氧量的去除率为36.47%±17.97%,O_3-BAC深度水处理工艺对原水中氨氮的去除率为65.78%±17.37%,对耗氧量的去除率为53.75%±16.72%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);常规水处理工艺出厂水氨氮合格率为37.5%、耗氧量合格率为25.0%,O_3-BAC深度水处理工艺出厂水氨氮、耗氧量合格率均为100%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 O_3-BAC深度水处理工艺去除原水中氨氮及耗氧量的效果显著,可有效提高出厂水合格率,对改善生活饮用水水质有重要意义。

基于logistic回归模型预测O_3-BAC工艺碳滤后浮游动物爆发的可能性

基于O3-BAC工艺中浮游动物大量穿透的问题,利用logistic回归模型对O3-BAC工艺中碳滤池后出水浮游生物大量穿透的可能性进行预测。同时,认为在仅考虑碳滤池的进水水质因素的前提下,仅温度是影响生物爆发可能性最关键影响因素。

Structures and magnetic properties of nanocomposite CoFe_2O_4-BaTiO_3 fibers by organic gel-thermal decomposition process

The nanocomposite xCoFe2O4-(1-x)BaTiO3(x=0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,molar fraction) fibers with fine diameters and high aspect ratios(length to diameter ratios) were prepared by the organic gel-thermal decomposition process from citric acid and metal salts.The structures and morphologies of gel precursors and fibers derived from thermal decomposition of the gel precursors were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy.The magnetic properties of the nanocomposite fibers were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer.The nanocomposite fibers consisting of ferrite(CoFe2O4) and perovskite(BaTiO3) are formed at the calcination temperature of 900 ℃ for 2 h.The average grain sizes of CoFe2O4 and BaTiO3 in the nanocomposite fibers increase from 25 to 65 nm with the calcination temperature from 900 to 1 180 ℃.The single fiber constructed from these nanograins of CoFe2O4 and BaTiO3 has a necklace-like morphology.The saturation magnetization of the nanocomposite 0.4CoFe2O4-0.6BaTiO3 fibers increases with the increase of CoFe2O4 grain size,while the coercivity reaches a maximum value when the average grain size of CoFe2O4 is around the critical single-domain size of 45 nm obtained at 1 000 ℃.The saturation magnetization and remanence of the nanocomposite xCoFe2O4-(1-x)BaTiO3(x=0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5) fibers almost exhibit a linear relationship with the molar fraction of CoFe2O4 in the nanocomposites.

Preparation of Spherical Bi_2O_3 Powder by Plasma and Precipitation Processes

Spherical Bi2O3 powder prepared by plasma chemical vapor reaction and aqueous chemical precipitation is studied. The superfine spherical Bi2O3 powder with an average diameter of 1 μm is made by plasma process. During the precipitation process, the micrograph of the Bi2O3 powder can be controlled through the reaction temperature, the rate of addition of the precipitation reagent, the reaction time and the amount of the dispersant. Accordingly, spherical Bi2O3 powder with diameters ranging from 2μm to 3μm is prepared. The spherical Bi2O3 particles have such advantages as uniform size distribution and excellent dispersing property. ZnO varistors made from the resultant powder exhibit properties of a low discharge voltage ratio, great eligibility coefficient measured by a rectangle wave of 2 ins 800 A and good stability in the above characteristics.

Growth of High Magnetic a-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 Nanowires via an Oxide Assisted Vapor-Solid Process

We describes a controllable synthesis procedure for growing a-Ee2O3 and Ee3O4 nanowires. High magnetic hematite a-Fe2O3 nanowires are successfully grown on Fe0.5Ni0.5 alloy substrates via an oxide assisted vapor-solid process. Experimental results also indicate that previous immersion of the substrates in a solution of oxalic acid causes the grown nanowires to convert gradually into magnetite （Fe3O4） nanowires. Additionally, the saturated state of Fe3O4 nanowires is achieved as the oxalic acid concentration reaches 0.75 mol/L. The average diameter and length of nanowires expands with an increasing operation temperature and the growth density of nanowires accumulates with an increasing gas flux in the vapor-solid process. The growth mechanism of a-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanowires is also discussed. The results demonstrate that the entire synthesis of nanowires can be completed within 2 h.

Luminescent Properties of Y_2O_3∶Eu Nanocrystalls Synthesized by EDTA Complexing Sol-Gel Process

Y 2O 3: Eu nanocrystals were synthesized by EDTA complexing sol gel process at a relatively low temperature, in which ethylen diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used as the chelating agent and polymerization agent respectively. Formation process of Y 2O 3:Eu and structure characterization were carried out by TG DTA, XRD, SEM/EDX. The results show that pure cubic phase Y 2O 3: Eu nanocrystalsere is produced after the precursor calcinated at 600 ℃ for 2 h, and the crystallinity increases with increasing calcination temperature. The nanoparticles of the Y 2O 3: Eu are basically spherical in shape. The mean particle size increases from about 30 to 70 nm when the calcination temperature increases from 600 to 1000 ℃. The luminescent properties of phosphor were analyzed by measuring the excitation and emission spectra. The main emission peak of the sample is around 612 nm, resulting in a red emission. The emission intensity increases with the calcination temperature. Compared with microsized Y 2O 3: Eu phosphors prepared by a conventional method, nanosized Y 2O 3: Eu synthesized by the present work, gives and a clear red shift in the emission spectrum. Moreover, the quenching concentration of Eu is raised.

Ti/Al_2O_3 Functionally Gradient Material Prepared by the Explosive Compaction/SHS Process

Ti1Al2O3 Functionally Gradient Material (FGM) was prepared by an explosive compaction/SHS process. Ten sheets of the compounding powder were laminated and pressed to get a green body of FGM. It was then compacted explosively By burying the explosive compaction body into a stoichiometric Al/TiO2 mixture and igniting the combustion of the stoichiometric Al/TiO2 mixture, the SHS reaction of the explosive compaction body was initiated by the heat released from the combustion of the stoichiometric Al/TiO2 mixture. In this way, Ti/Al2O3 FGM was synthesized. The adiabatic temperatures of each gradient layer were calculated when the preheating temperatures were 298 K and 1173 K, respectively The microstructure, composition and properties of Ti/Al2O3 FGM and the reaction mechanism of each gradient layer were studied. It was found that Ti/Al2O3 FGM prepared by the explosive compaction/SHS process had a high density and a high microhardness. Its structure, composition and properties showed apparent gradient distribution. The structure of the standard stoichiometric ratio gradient layer of FGM was a network structure. Its reaction mode could be described as follows: Al powder melted first, then the molten Al penetrated into the TiO2 zone and reacted with TiO2, and big pores were left in the original positions of Al powder. The reaction of gradient layers with the addition of Al3O3 as diluents was similar to that of the standard stoichiometric ratio gradient layer, so were their structure and composition. However, the reaction of gradient layers with the addition of Ti as diluents was more complex and the composition deviated slightly from the designed one

Comparison of degradation reactions of Acid Yellow 61 in both oxidation processes of H_2O_2/UV and O_3

The comparison of degradation of Acid Yellow 61 as a model dye compound in both oxidation processes of H 2O 2/UV and O 3 has been studied. When the decolorization rate of Acid Yellow 61 in both reactions presented similar, it was found there are some differences from the results of AOX removal and production of inorganic ions and organic acids. The results reveal that the H 2O 2/UV has beneficial effect on mineralization than O 3 only for degradation of Acid Yellow 61 solution and it is possible for enhancement of method efficiency by taking longer reaction time and addition of high concentration of oxidants.

O_3-BAC工艺中炭滤池原位酸碱改性技术的应用

分别以低浓度碱性过滤和高浓度烧碱浸泡的方式,进行炭滤池原位酸碱改性生产试验,考察利用活性炭滤池酸碱缓冲功能的可行性和效果,探讨适用于大型自来水厂臭氧生物活性炭滤池的改性方法,研究通过石灰优化调节pH值来节约改性成本的优缺点.结果表明,碱性过滤可使炭滤池出水pH值从7.00提高到7.50,当进水pH值在7.00～7.70范围内变化时,出水pH值仍能在至少一周内保持稳定.稳定运行的炭滤池约需2个月完成碱滤改性,而刚结束检修并恢复运行的炭滤池则仅需数日,应优先完成对后者的改性.经高浓度烧碱浸泡一周的炭滤池,其出水pH值无显著上升,氨氮去除率却大幅下降,改性期间需脱离生产,难以实际应用.