基于改进Oriented R-CNN的旋转框麦穗检测与计数模型

为对干扰、遮挡等复杂的田野环境中麦穗进行精准定位与计数,该研究提出了一种改进的Oriented R-CNN麦穗旋转框检测与计数方法,首先在主干网络中引入跨阶段局部空间金字塔(spatial pyramid pooling cross stage partial networks,SPPCSPC)模块扩大模型感受野,增强网络感知能力;其次,在颈网络中结合路径聚合网络(PANet,path aggregation network)和混合注意力机制(E2CBAM,efficient two convolutional block attention module),丰富特征图包含的特征信息;最后采用柔性非极大值抑制算法(Soft-NMS,soft-non maximum suppression)优化预测框筛选过程。试验结果显示,改进的模型对复杂环境中的麦穗检测效果良好。相较原模型,平均精确度均值mAP提高了2.02个百分点,与主流的旋转目标检测模型Gliding vertex、R3det、Rotated Faster R-CNN、S2anet和Rotated Retinanet相比,mAP分别提高了4.99、2.49、3.94、2.25和4.12个百分点。该研究方法利用旋转框准确定位麦穗位置,使得框内背景区域面积大幅度减少,为实际观察麦穗生长状况和统计数量提供了一种有效的方法。

Estimation of cancer cell migration in biomimetic random/oriented collagen fiber microenvironments

Increasing data indicate that cancer cell migration is regulated by extracellular matrixes and their surrounding biochemical microenvironment,playing a crucial role in pathological processes such as tumor invasion and metastasis.However,conventional two-dimensional cell culture and animal models have limitations in studying the influence of tumor microenvironment on cancer cell migration.Fortunately,the further development of microfluidic technology has provided solutions for the study of such questions.We utilize microfluidic chip to build a random collagen fiber microenvironment(RFM)model and an oriented collagen fiber microenvironment(OFM)model that resemble early stage and late stage breast cancer microenvironments,respectively.By combining cell culture,biochemical concentration gradient construction,and microscopic imaging techniques,we investigate the impact of different collagen fiber biochemical microenvironments on the migration of breast cancer MDA-MB-231-RFP cells.The results show that MDA-MB-231-RFP cells migrate further in the OFM model compared to the RFM model,with significant differences observed.Furthermore,we establish concentration gradients of the anticancer drug paclitaxel in both the RFM and OFM models and find that paclitaxel significantly inhibits the migration of MDA-MB-231-RFP cells in the RFM model,with stronger inhibition on the high concentration side compared to the low concentration side.However,the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on the migration of MDA-MB-231-RFP cells in the OFM model is weak.These findings suggest that the oriented collagen fiber microenvironment resembling the late-stage tumor microenvironment is more favorable for cancer cell migration and that the effectiveness of anticancer drugs is diminished.The RFM and OFM models constructed in this study not only provide a platform for studying the mechanism of cancer development,but also serve as a tool for the initial measurement of drug screening.

Analysis of the Effect of Problem-Oriented Nursing Intervention on Patients with Lower Extremity Arteriosclerosis Obliterans in Vascular Surgery

Objective: To analyze the effect of problem-oriented nursing intervention on patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) in vascular surgery. Methods: The clinical data of 128 patients with lower extremity ASO in vascular surgery were selected and randomly divided into groups A and B, with 64 cases each. Group A is the control group, and Group B is the observation group. Group A received the routine nursing intervention, and Group B received the problem-oriented nursing intervention. The compliance, self-care ability, psychological state, quality of life, and nursing satisfaction of the two groups of patients were evaluated based on various indicators. Results: After the intervention, the evaluation of self-care ability (ESCA) score of the patients in Group B was higher than that of Group A, and the symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) score was lower than that of Group A. The differences were significant (t = 10.019, t = 3.118, P < 0.01). After the intervention, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) index scores of the two groups increased and the increase in Group B was significantly higher than Group A (P < 0.001). The compliance rate of Group B (62/ 96.88%) was higher than that of Group A (52/ 81.25%), and the difference was extremely significant (χ2 = 8.020, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Problem-oriented nursing intervention for patients with lower extremity ASO in vascular surgery improved the patient’s self-care ability, and quality of life, reduced the patient’s negative emotions, and enhanced their overall satisfaction.

An Approach to Detect Structural Development Defects in Object-Oriented Programs

Structural development defects essentially refer to code structure that violates object-oriented design principles. They make program maintenance challenging and deteriorate software quality over time. Various detection approaches, ranging from traditional heuristic algorithms to machine learning methods, are used to identify these defects. Ensemble learning methods have strengthened the detection of these defects. However, existing approaches do not simultaneously exploit the capabilities of extracting relevant features from pre-trained models and the performance of neural networks for the classification task. Therefore, our goal has been to design a model that combines a pre-trained model to extract relevant features from code excerpts through transfer learning and a bagging method with a base estimator, a dense neural network, for defect classification. To achieve this, we composed multiple samples of the same size with replacements from the imbalanced dataset MLCQ1. For all the samples, we used the CodeT5-small variant to extract features and trained a bagging method with the neural network Roberta Classification Head to classify defects based on these features. We then compared this model to RandomForest, one of the ensemble methods that yields good results. Our experiments showed that the number of base estimators to use for bagging depends on the defect to be detected. Next, we observed that it was not necessary to use a data balancing technique with our model when the imbalance rate was 23%. Finally, for blob detection, RandomForest had a median MCC value of 0.36 compared to 0.12 for our method. However, our method was predominant in Long Method detection with a median MCC value of 0.53 compared to 0.42 for RandomForest. These results suggest that the performance of ensemble methods in detecting structural development defects is dependent on specific defects.

Constructing an ion‐oriented channel on a zinc electrode through surface engineering

The inherent shortcomings of a zinc anode in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries(ZIBs)such as zinc dendrites and side reactions severely limit their practical application.Herein,to address these issues,an ion‐oriented transport channel constructed by graphdiyne(GDY)nanowalls is designed and grown in situ on the surface of a zinc electrode.The vertically stacked GDY nanowalls with a unique hierarchical porous structure and mechanical properties form a nanomesh‐like interface on the zinc electrode,acting as an ion‐oriented channel,which can efficiently confine the segmented growth of zinc metal in microscopic regions of hundreds of nanometers.In those microscopic regions,the uniform domain current density is effortlessly maintained compared with a large surface area,thereby inhibiting zinc dendrites effectively.Besides,due to the presence of the ion‐oriented channel,the modified zinc anode demonstrates long‐term stable zinc plating/stripping performance for more than 600 h at 1 mAh cm^(−2)in an aqueous electrolyte.In addition,full‐cells coupled with MnO2 show high specific capacity and power density,as well as excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 82%after 5000 cycles at 1 A g^(−1).This work provides a feasible and accessible surface engineering approach to modify the electrode interface for confined and dendrite‐free zinc deposition in aqueous ZIBs.

Construction of Oriented Structure in Inner Surface of Small-Diameter Artificial Blood Vessels:A Review

There is an urgent need for small-diameter artificial blood vessels in clinic.Physical,chemical and biological factors should be integrated to avoid thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia after implantation and to promote successful fabrication of small-diameter artificial blood vessels.From a physical perspective,the internal oriented structures of natural blood vessels plays an important role in guiding the directional growth of cells,improving the blood flow environment,and promoting the regeneration of vascular tissue.In this review,the effects of the oriented structures on cells,including endothelial cells(ECs),smooth muscle cells(SMCs)and stem cells,as well as the effect of the oriented structures on hemodynamics and vascular tissue remodeling and regeneration are introduced.Various forms of oriented structures(fibers,grooves,channels,etc.)and their construction methods are also reviewed.Conclusions and future perspectives are given.It is expected to give some references to relevant researches.

Exploring heteroepitaxial growth and electrical properties of α-Ga_(2)O_(3) films on differently oriented sapphire substrates

This study explores the epitaxial relationship and electrical properties of α-Ga_(2)O_(3) thin films deposited on a-plane, mplane, and r-plane sapphire substrates. We characterize the thin films by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, and elucidate thin film epitaxial relationships with the underlying sapphire substrates. The oxygen vacancy concentration of α-Ga_(2)O_(3) thin films on m-plane and r-plane sapphire substrates are higher than α-Ga_(2)O_(3) thin film on a-plane sapphire substrates. All three thin films have a high transmission of over 80% in the visible and near-ultraviolet regions, and their optical bandgaps stay around 5.02–5.16 eV. Hall measurements show that the α-Ga_(2)O_(3) thin film grown on r-plane sapphire has the highest conductivity of 2.71 S/cm, which is at least 90 times higher than the film on a-plane sapphire. A similar orientation-dependence is seen in their activation energy as revealed by temperature-dependent conductivity measurements, with 0.266, 0.079, and 0.075eV for the film on a-, m-, r-plane, respectively. The origin of the distinct transport behavior of films on differently oriented substrates is suggested to relate with the distinct evolution of oxygen vacancies at differently oriented substrates. This study provides insights for the substrate selection when growing α-Ga_(2)O_(3) films with tunable transport properties.

Complexity of Injective Homomorphisms to Small Tournaments, and of Injective Oriented Colourings

Several possible definitions of local injectivity for a homomorphism of an oriented graph G to an oriented graph H are considered. In each case, we determine the complexity of deciding whether there exists such a homomorphism when G is given and H is a fixed tournament on three or fewer vertices. Each possible definition leads to a locally-injective oriented colouring problem. A dichotomy theorem is proved in each case.

企业资源配置战略与债券信用评级

企业战略作为企业全局性、长期性资源配置的重要规划,对企业经营活动具有重要影响,也必然会影响企业的融资行为。本文从企业战略视角出发,以2008—2020年中国A股上市公司为研究对象,运用固定效应模型探究了企业资源配置战略对债券信用评级的影响。研究发现:相对于经营主导型企业,投资主导型企业的债券信用评级更低,并且该结论在处理内生性问题和进行一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。异质性分析发现,企业资源配置战略对债券信用评级的影响在非国有企业和分析师跟踪人数多的企业中更明显。中介效应检验结果表明,企业资源配置战略通过作用于企业违约风险而影响债券信用评级。本文的研究结论对发债企业、信用评级机构和债券市场投资者具有重要启示意义。

网络数据犯罪立法的三大重要问题

将“对技术工具的不法利用行为”作为构成要件内容,属于手段型立法,不符合刑法的明确性要求。对于网络数据犯罪的构成要件,应采取目的型立法方式,要挖掘有明确法益指向的具体行为类型。准确定位网络数据犯罪的法益,才能确保立法的理性。数据法益不适合作为刑法上的独立法益,应通过刑法历来关注的个人法益,以及有具体内容且有公共危险指向的集体法益,对网络数据犯罪的法益予以限制性把握。在中国持续严密刑事法网以及社会高速发展不断催生多样化不法类型的趋势下,单一法典模式面临着现实压力,也存在“全而不专”的问题。应当重视单行刑法和附属刑法的价值,逐步建设具有交互性的多元法源体系。

中国研究型医院的内涵和建设策略

系统梳理研究型医院的概念和内涵,从资金投入、人才队伍建设以及科研成果转化等方面分析我国研究型医院建设存在问题,在总结研究型医院国际发展经验的基础上,提出优化策略:打造研究型医院建设标杆,拓展医工合作新模式;加大研究型医院科研投入,优化投入结构;落实分级诊疗,构建适用于研究型医院的评价机制;优化人员激励机制,加强临床科研队伍建设;加强平台建设,提高科研转化能力。

论“新质生产力”的国家方略政策取向

生产力是决定经济社会发展的基础性根本性因素,一切经济社会现象归根结底受生产力状况所决定与制约。“新质生产力”是对国家发展方略及政策取向的原则提示,是将国家发展的方略核心,定位于“聚焦生产力,发力新科技”的实践方向;“新质生产力”既要有科技创新的要素结构,也要有创新担当和允许试错的制度安排。一个国家的人才政策取向,能否适应更需创新激励与权责担当的就业结构和工作秩序,对经济发展形势具有关键性影响;一心谋发展,聚意高质量,是众望所归的人民意愿,也是国家选择发展模式的政策取向。人类社会随着科技创新,特别是数字化和AI技术的长足发展,重复类工作将被大量替代,新创类工作不断涌现,纠管类工作得以优化。未来由于生产力的质态变化,产业组织也将发生根本性的变革,从而对经济系统中组织资本和信任资本具有更高要求。

智慧社区人本化转型的行动框架与策略--基于“人-技术-空间-平台”四维互嵌视角

智慧社区作为构成智慧城市的基本单元及我国城市精细化治理的“最后一公里”,其建设和治理模式的人本化转型,对于践行人民城市重要理念、促进城镇空间人性化设计、推进治理体系与治理能力现代化具有重要意义。结合文献资料、政策法规和城镇发展状况,梳理智慧社区建设发展演进脉络,厘清影响智慧社区人本化转型的“人”“技术”“空间”“平台”等4种因素,从参与主体、技术支撑、空间载体、治理平台等4个维度构建智慧社区人本化转型的理论框架,以期为我国智慧社区高质量建设提供理论支撑。

市场导向、动态能力与企业战略绩效——双案例对比研究

在竞争激烈的数字时代背景下,为保持良好的经营业绩,企业需要运用市场导向来满足客户潜在或现有需求。已有研究发现动态能力在满足市场需求时能够作用于战略转变,促使企业及时调整策略、开拓新的核心竞争力,进而提升绩效。通过采用双案例对比分析的方式,探究了不同市场导向如何通过动态能力对企业战略绩效产生影响。研究发现:(1)市场导向通过对动态能力三个维度的调整来影响企业战略绩效;(2)不同市场导向对企业战略绩效的影响效果存在差异,在先动式市场导向驱动下,企业战略绩效表现更优;(3)在不同市场导向驱动下,企业采取动态能力侧重维度不同,受先动式市场导向引导的企业更注重持续迭代的创新能力,从而满足客户潜在需求,而受反应式市场导向引导的企业则更注重持续提升销售能力,从而满足客户现有需求。

新时代教育评价体系的价值定位:国际趋势与中国方案

教育评价体系的价值定位是指人们在开展评价过程中遵循的准则、理念或偏好,体现在各领域的评价样态之中。近十年来,发达国家在教育评价改革中存在服务发展、精准刻画、多元参与这三类主要价值定位,我国新时代教育评价改革亦对这些价值导向有所探索。进一步构建新时代具有中国特色的教育评价体系的价值体系,需要构建以学生全面发展为核心的教育评价价值体系,以立德树人为根本遵循统合“服务发展”的价值定位,以开放的态度对待“精准刻画”的技术倡议并加强研究澄清,加强“多元参与导向”的制度化建设。

新型农村集体经济高质量发展:内涵特征、现实困境与应对策略

发展新型农村集体经济,实现集体经济现代化转型,是促进乡村振兴和共同富裕的重要途径。论文在阐述与分析新型农村集体经济高质量发展的理论内涵与新型农村集体经济主要类型的基础上,回顾与总结新型农村集体经济的发展历程与改革成效,阐明新型农村集体经济发展面临的主要问题,并有针对性地提出推动新型农村集体经济高质量发展的路径和举措。同时,论文结合目前学界关于经济发展质量内涵的界定,从现实困境与需求出发,提出从治理、经济和社会三个维度理解新型农村集体经济高质量发展的内涵特征。研究表明,面向未来,可从治理、经济和社会三个维度优化社会主义市场经济条件下新型农村集体经济的高质量发展路径,为全面推进乡村振兴和实现农民农村共同富裕奠定更加坚实的物质基础和制度保障。

成果导向下“精益”教学资源库建设模式的构建与实践

针对高职专业教学资源库建设中资源与岗位对接度不够、资源利用率不高、学习达成度评价体系不全等问题,提出了一种成果导向下的“精益”建设模式。“精益”建设模式以成果为导向,反向设计资源模块,项目式串联建设可复用颗粒化资源,精准化设置学习目标达成评价体系,教师可以基于学情数据,利用资源库资源搭建在线课程,满足不同学习者的学习需求,实现分层次差异化教学。实践表明该模式能有效服务于专业人才培养需求,高效益建设资源库资源,提高学生学习达成度,更好的服务于教师的教学需求,为职业教育资源库提供了一种参考模式。

乡村定向师范生培养研究的回顾与展望

乡村定向师范生是乡村振兴背景下教师教育研究的新对象。乡村定向师范生培养研究主要集中于培养主体、培养定位、核心素养、培养体系、培养效果五大板块。现有研究明确了系列理论问题:地方师范院校是培养乡村定向师范生的主要院校,乡村定向师范生培养以“下得去、留得住、教得好”为根本指向,“本土化培养”和“全科教师培养”是乡村定向师范生培养的核心任务,等等。乡村定向师范生培养研究还存在需要改进之处,如研究内容和理论深度需要拓展,研究方法不应限于理论思辨为主,应形成多学科研究范式等。未来研究应注重拓展研究内容、深化研究层次,强化实证研究取向、提倡研究方法多元化,确立多学科研究范式、开展多学科和多视角研究。

积极青少年发展理论的演进与意涵

积极青少年发展是发展科学理论范式的重大转变,极大推动了全球青少年发展研究和教育政策的进程。积极青少年发展突破“问题视角”和“缺陷模型”,主张关注青少年的优势和相对可塑性,强调个体与情境的互惠互动,凸显青少年之于社会进步和人类发展的贡献与方法论价值。在历经生态情境取向向历史文化取向的演进过程中,积极青少年发展研究逐步在世界范围内开展、推广和践行,彰显出鲜明的理论更新自觉和实践品格,这对推动对青少年的认识论发展、我国积极青少年发展研究以及政策制定实施,具有多重启示。

基于育人为先实践为重能力导向理念的病理学课程建设研究

当今大学生的创新实践能力培养一直是中国高等教育改革发展的战略主题。辽宁中医药大学病理学教学团队多年来坚持“立德树人、仁者仁心”的教育理念,坚持育人为先、实践为重、能力导向,不断更新教学理念、探索教学方法改革。在课程建设过程中,融合思政教育以提高人文素养,优化课程内容以强化实践能力,开展多元化教学模式以提高综合能力,构建了多元化病理学考核形式。