Object Constraint Language(OCL)is one kind of lightweight formal specification,which is widely used for software verification and validation in NASA and Object Management Group projects.Although OCL provides a simple ...Object Constraint Language(OCL)is one kind of lightweight formal specification,which is widely used for software verification and validation in NASA and Object Management Group projects.Although OCL provides a simple expressive syntax,it is hard for the developers to write correctly due to lacking knowledge of the mathematical foundations of the first-order logic,which is approximately half accurate at the first stage of devel-opment.A deep neural network named DeepOCL is proposed,which takes the unre-stricted natural language as inputs and automatically outputs the best-scored OCL candidates without requiring a domain conceptual model that is compulsively required in existing rule-based generation approaches.To demonstrate the validity of our proposed approach,ablation experiments were conducted on a new sentence-aligned dataset named OCLPairs.The experiments show that the proposed DeepOCL can achieve state of the art for OCL statement generation,scored 74.30 on BLEU,and greatly outperformed experienced developers by 35.19%.The proposed approach is the first deep learning approach to generate the OCL expression from the natural language.It can be further developed as a CASE tool for the software industry.展开更多
面向对象所具有的类、封装、继承、动态连接等特性,使得面向对象测试步骤的划分以及测试策略的选择有别于传统的测试思想.本文针对面向对象软件的特点,采用基于模型的软件测试方法,对UML(United Model Language)设计模型中的顺序图添加O...面向对象所具有的类、封装、继承、动态连接等特性,使得面向对象测试步骤的划分以及测试策略的选择有别于传统的测试思想.本文针对面向对象软件的特点,采用基于模型的软件测试方法,对UML(United Model Language)设计模型中的顺序图添加OCL(Object Constraints Language)约束,做类间交互的软件测试.本文提出执行图EG生成算法,将顺序图SD转换为执行图EG,解决UML2.0顺序图新增特性中的alt、loop、opt、break四种常见组合片段及其嵌套和多态性问题;为得到最小完备的测试路径,本文提出了EG的遍历策略和测试路径生成算法;最后,根据测试路径确定测试场景,并删除无效场景,生成测试用例.经实验验证,此方法可以基于UML顺序图与OCL约束进行系统地测试.展开更多
以硝酸铋和氯化钾为原料,乙二醇为溶剂制备了BiOCl光催化剂。通过XRD,SEM和DRS对其结构、形貌和光吸收性能进行了表征。结果表明所得BiOCl为纯相四方晶系晶体,呈花球状,且带隙能为3.26 e V。以苯酚为目标物考察了BiOCl的光催化活性。在3...以硝酸铋和氯化钾为原料,乙二醇为溶剂制备了BiOCl光催化剂。通过XRD,SEM和DRS对其结构、形貌和光吸收性能进行了表征。结果表明所得BiOCl为纯相四方晶系晶体,呈花球状,且带隙能为3.26 e V。以苯酚为目标物考察了BiOCl的光催化活性。在365 nm单波长光照射600 min后,苯酚的降解率达到了75%,但其矿化率只达到14.8%。这表明苯酚特征衍射峰强度的消失并不表明其被完全矿化。通过质谱分析,对苯酚的光催化反应机理进行了初步探究。展开更多
为了统一描述军事电子信息系统(command control communication computers intelligence surveil-lance and reconnaissance,C4ISR)系统功能和效能两方面的需求,提出了一种基于统一建模语言/对象约束语言(unified modeling language/obj...为了统一描述军事电子信息系统(command control communication computers intelligence surveil-lance and reconnaissance,C4ISR)系统功能和效能两方面的需求,提出了一种基于统一建模语言/对象约束语言(unified modeling language/object constraint language,UML/OCL)的C4ISR效能概念建模和形式化验证方法。首先,利用效能相关概念扩展了DoDAF 2.0能力元模型,构建一个能够同时引导C4ISR能力的功能分析和效能分析的元模型;将该元模型描述为UML Profile,形成一种基于UML的C4ISR效能概念建模语言,并支持C4ISR效能概念模型检验;最后借助一个假想案例分析说明了该建模语言对C4ISR能力的功能和效能概念建模及模型验证的能力。该方法可弥补UML建模技术在特定领域效能分析方面的不足。展开更多
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFB2501301。
文摘Object Constraint Language(OCL)is one kind of lightweight formal specification,which is widely used for software verification and validation in NASA and Object Management Group projects.Although OCL provides a simple expressive syntax,it is hard for the developers to write correctly due to lacking knowledge of the mathematical foundations of the first-order logic,which is approximately half accurate at the first stage of devel-opment.A deep neural network named DeepOCL is proposed,which takes the unre-stricted natural language as inputs and automatically outputs the best-scored OCL candidates without requiring a domain conceptual model that is compulsively required in existing rule-based generation approaches.To demonstrate the validity of our proposed approach,ablation experiments were conducted on a new sentence-aligned dataset named OCLPairs.The experiments show that the proposed DeepOCL can achieve state of the art for OCL statement generation,scored 74.30 on BLEU,and greatly outperformed experienced developers by 35.19%.The proposed approach is the first deep learning approach to generate the OCL expression from the natural language.It can be further developed as a CASE tool for the software industry.
文摘面向对象所具有的类、封装、继承、动态连接等特性,使得面向对象测试步骤的划分以及测试策略的选择有别于传统的测试思想.本文针对面向对象软件的特点,采用基于模型的软件测试方法,对UML(United Model Language)设计模型中的顺序图添加OCL(Object Constraints Language)约束,做类间交互的软件测试.本文提出执行图EG生成算法,将顺序图SD转换为执行图EG,解决UML2.0顺序图新增特性中的alt、loop、opt、break四种常见组合片段及其嵌套和多态性问题;为得到最小完备的测试路径,本文提出了EG的遍历策略和测试路径生成算法;最后,根据测试路径确定测试场景,并删除无效场景,生成测试用例.经实验验证,此方法可以基于UML顺序图与OCL约束进行系统地测试.
文摘以硝酸铋和氯化钾为原料,乙二醇为溶剂制备了BiOCl光催化剂。通过XRD,SEM和DRS对其结构、形貌和光吸收性能进行了表征。结果表明所得BiOCl为纯相四方晶系晶体,呈花球状,且带隙能为3.26 e V。以苯酚为目标物考察了BiOCl的光催化活性。在365 nm单波长光照射600 min后,苯酚的降解率达到了75%,但其矿化率只达到14.8%。这表明苯酚特征衍射峰强度的消失并不表明其被完全矿化。通过质谱分析,对苯酚的光催化反应机理进行了初步探究。
文摘为了统一描述军事电子信息系统(command control communication computers intelligence surveil-lance and reconnaissance,C4ISR)系统功能和效能两方面的需求,提出了一种基于统一建模语言/对象约束语言(unified modeling language/object constraint language,UML/OCL)的C4ISR效能概念建模和形式化验证方法。首先,利用效能相关概念扩展了DoDAF 2.0能力元模型,构建一个能够同时引导C4ISR能力的功能分析和效能分析的元模型;将该元模型描述为UML Profile,形成一种基于UML的C4ISR效能概念建模语言,并支持C4ISR效能概念模型检验;最后借助一个假想案例分析说明了该建模语言对C4ISR能力的功能和效能概念建模及模型验证的能力。该方法可弥补UML建模技术在特定领域效能分析方面的不足。