Quark, Gluon, Odderon Contributions to Total Cross Section of Proton-Proton Elastic Scattering at High Energies

Based on the quark-gluon structure of nucleon and the existence of Odderon in nucleon via gluon selfinteraction, the elastic scattering of pp at high energies is studied. Our theoretical predictions reproduce experimental data perfectly. The contributions from individual terms of quark-quark, gluon-gluon interactions, quark-gluon interference and the Odderon terms to total cross section are analyzed. In addition to the leading quark-quark contribution, the Odderon contribution is quite important. In particular, the Odderon plays an essential role in fitting to data. Therefore, We may claim that the high energy pp and pp elastic scattering may be good processes to search for the Odderon, the three Reggeized gluon bound states.

Reggeon, Pomeron and Glueball, Odderon-Hadron-Hadron Interaction at High Energies—From Regge Theory to Quantum Chromodynamics

Based on analysis of scattering matrix S, and its properties such as analyticity, unitarity, Lorentz invariance, and crossing symmetry relation, the Regge theory was proposed to describe hadron-hadron scattering at high energies before the advent of QCD, and correspondingly a Reggeon concept was born as a mediator of strongly interaction. This theory serves as a successful approach and has explained a great number of experimental data successfully, which proves that the Regge theory can be regarded as a basic theory of hadron interaction at high energies and its validity in many applications. However, as new experimental data come out, we have some difficulties in explaining the data. The new experimental total cross section violates the predictions of Regge theory, which shows that Regge formalism is limited in its applications to high energy data. To understand new experimental measurements, a new exchange theory was consequently born and its mediator is called Pomeron, which has vacuum quantum numbers. The new theory named as Pomeron exchange theory which reproduces the new experimental data of diffractive processes successfully. There are two exchange mediators： Reggeon and Pomeron. Reggeon exchange theory can only produce data at the relatively lower energy region, while Pomeron exchange theory fits the data only at higher-energy region, separately. In order to explain the data in the whole energy region, we propose a Reggeon-Pomeron model to describe high-energy hadron- hadron scattering and other diffractive processes. Although the Reggeon-Pomeron model is successful in describing high-energy hadron-hadron interaction in the whole energy region, it is a phenomenological model. After the advent of QCD, people try to reveal the mystery of the phenomenological theory from QCD since hadron-hadron processes is a strong interaction, which is believed to be described by QCD. According to this point of view, we study the QCD nature of Reggeon and Pomeron. We claim that the Reggeon exchange is an exchange of multigluon,the color singlet gluon bound state. In particular, the Pomeron could be a Reggeized tensor glueball ξ（2230） with mass of 2.23 GeV, quantum numbers I^G, J^PC = 0^＋, 2^＋＋ and decay width of about 100 MeV. The glueball exchange theory reproduces data quite well. Accordingly, we believe that the Odderon, consisting of three Reggeized gluons, and predicted by QCD, should also contribute to hadron-hadron scattering and many other diffractive processes. We search for the Odderon by studying pp and pp elastic scatterings at high energies. Our investigations on the differential cross section dσ/ dt of hadron-hadron scattering at various energies and comparisons with experimental data show that the Odderon plays an essential role in fitting to data. Therefore, we suggest that the measurements should be urgently done in order to confirm the existences of the Odderon and to test QCD.

Searching for Odderon with ^-pp and pp Elastic Scattering at High Energies

Based on the assumption that the Pomeron is a sum of Regge multipoles, each of which corresponds to a finite gluon ladder, we suggest a way to search the Odderon by studying the diffractive processes of ^-pp and pp elastic scattering. From our theoretical calculations and fits to the corresponding experimental data at high energies and all available momentum transfer, we find that the Odderon plays a significant role in the description of differential cross section dσ/ dt in the whole experimental domain. Accordingly, we can claim that the ^-pp and pp diffractive processes at high energies s and moderate momentum transfer t could be a good tool to search for Odderon and to test QCD since the processes are purely non-perturbative QCD phenomena. Therefore, the experimental measurements are urgently demanded.

Possible Odderon exchange in pp and ■p elastic collisions at the TOTEM experiment

Based on the Froissart-Martin theorem,the Regge theory and the possible Odderon exchange,the total cross-sectionσtot and the ratio of the real to imaginary parts of the forward scattering amplitude p in the pp and pp elastic collisions in the TOTEM energy region are studied in the FPO model.We consider the contributions of the Froissart bound and of the Pomeron,Reggeon and Odderon exchange terms in the scattering amplitude of the pp and pp elastic collisions.Using the Odderon interceptαo(0)=0.5,our theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the recent results of the TOTEM experiment.These results show that the Odderon,corresponding to the odd elastic scattering amplitude,is likely to exist.

在QCD中矢量介子电生

基于广义QCD矢量介子主导理论,将用具有量子色动力学特征的模型研究矢量介子在质子上电生过程的微分截面dσ/dt,计算结果与实验数据符合得很好,表明了QCD机制可以很好描述矢量介子在质子上电生过程,同时也可以探寻新粒子例如张量胶子球或被量子色动力学(QCD)理论和色玻璃凝聚模型预言的Odderon.

Nuclear Slope Parameter of pp and p Elastic Scattering in QCD Inspired Model

Based on the quark-gluon structure of nucleon and the possible existence of Odderon in strong interaction process due to gluon self-interaction, the elastic scatterings of pp and p^-p at high energies are studied. The contributions from individual terms of quark-quark, gluon-gluon interactions, quark-gluon interference, and the Odderon terms to the nuclear slope parameter B（s） are analyzed. Our results show that the QCD inspired model gives a good fit to the LHC experimental data of the nuclear slope parameter.

Vector meson J/ψ,φ electro-production in QCD

We study the vector meson electro-production off the proton in a QCD inspired model. A calculation of the differential cross section is performed for the J/ψ, Ф meson off the proton. The theoretical results are consistent with the experimental data, and remind us to consider the contribution from the tensor glueball and Odderon to the differential cross section. Since gluons interact among themselves via self-interaction, the gluons can form a glueball with quantum numbers I^G, J^PC = 0^＋, 2^＋＋ with a decay width Гt = 100 MeV and mass of mG = 2.23 GeV. The three gluons can form a three gluon color bound state with charge conjugation quantum number C = -1. This study is quite important to verify the validity of QCD and to search for new particles （tensor glueball and Odderon） as well as quest for new physics.

Vector meson electroproduction in QCD

Based on the generalized QCD vector meson dominance model, we study the electroproduction of a vector meson off a proton in the QCD inspired eikonalized model. Numerical calculations for the total cross section σ tot and differential cross section dσ/dt are performed for ρ, ω and φ meson electroproduction in this paper. Since gluons interact among themselves （self-interaction）, two gluons can form a glueball with quantum numbers I G , J P C = 0 ＋ , 2 ＋＋ , decay width Γ t ≈ 100 MeV, and mass of m G =2.23 GeV. The three gluons can form a three-gluon colorless bound state with charge conjugation quantum number C = 1, called the Odderon. The mediators of interactions between projectiles （the quark and antiquark pair fluctuated from the virtual photon） and the proton target （a three-quark system） are the tensor glueball and the Odderon. Our calculated results in the tensor glueball and Odderon exchange model fit to the existing data successfully, which evidently shows that our present QCD mechanism is a good description of meson electroproduction off a proton. It should be emphasized that our mechanism is different from the theoretical framework of Block et al. We also believe that the present study and its success are important for the investigation of other vector meson electro- and photoproduction at high energies, as well as for searching for new particles such as tensor glueballs and Odderons, which have been predicted by QCD and the color glass condensate model （CGC）. Therefore, in return, it can test the validity of QCD and the CGC model.