Responses to oligogalacturonic acid (OGA) were determined in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings expressing the calcium reporter protein aequorin. OGA stimulated a rapid, substantial and transient increase in th...Responses to oligogalacturonic acid (OGA) were determined in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings expressing the calcium reporter protein aequorin. OGA stimulated a rapid, substantial and transient increase in the concentration of cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) that peaked after ca. 15 s. This increase was dose-dependent, saturating at ca. 50 μg Gal equiv/ml of OGA. OGA also stimulated a rapid generation of H2O2. A small, rapid increase in H2O2 content was followed by a much larger oxidative burst, with H2O2 content peaking after ca. 60 min and declining thereafter. Induction of the oxidative burst by OGA was also dose-dependent, with a maximum response again being achieved at ca. 50 μg Gal equiv/mL. Inhibitors of calcium fluxes inhibited both increases in [Ca2+]cyt and [H2O2], whereas inhibitors of NADPH oxidase blocked only the oxidative burst. OGA increased strongly the expression of the defence-related genes CHS,GST, PAL and PR-1. This induction was suppressed by inhibitors of calcium flux or NADPH oxidase, indicating that increases in both cytosolic calcium and H2O2 are required for OGA-induced gene expression.展开更多
This paper evaluates the place of public relations in the image management strategies of the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) particularly after the infamous “Oga at the Top” interview by the Lagos S...This paper evaluates the place of public relations in the image management strategies of the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) particularly after the infamous “Oga at the Top” interview by the Lagos State Commandant of the Corps. The paper uses questionnaire and the interview schedule as instruments to gather data from members of the public who are familiar with the “Oga at the Top” incident and the public relations officers (PROs) of the NSCDC respectively. From the data gathered, we conclude that the NSCDC adopted different image management strategies to salvage the corporate image of the Corps;that the image management strategies have engendered a cordial relationship between the media and the Corps;and that the infamous “Oga at the Top” incident brought some fame to the Corps as free advertisement as well as questioned the capacity of its officials to discharge their duties effectively. As a fallout of this evaluation, it is recommended that NSCDC management should endeavour to engage only professionals in the field of public relations who would understand and implement public relations objectives and functions in the organisation and that all ranking officers of the NSCDC should endeavour to involve the public relations unit in all their engagement with the external publics to avoid a repeat of the “Oga at the Top” incident that affected the Corps’ image negatively.展开更多
Geochronology of oil-gas accumulation （OGA） is a challenging subject of petroleum geology in multi-cycle superimposed basins.By K-Ar dating of authigenic illite （AI） and fluid inclusion （FI） analysis combined wi...Geochronology of oil-gas accumulation （OGA） is a challenging subject of petroleum geology in multi-cycle superimposed basins.By K-Ar dating of authigenic illite （AI） and fluid inclusion （FI） analysis combined with apatite fission track （AFT） thermal modeling,a case study of constraining the OGA times of the Permian reservoirs in northeast Ordos basin （NOB） has been conducted in this paper.AI dating of the Permian oil-gas-bearing sandstone core-samples shows a wide time domain of 178-108 Ma.The distribution of the AI ages presents 2-stage primary OGA processes in the Permian reservoirs,which developed in the time domains of 175-155 Ma and 145-115 Ma with 2-peak ages of 165 Ma and 130 Ma,respectively.The FI temperature peaks of the samples and their projected ages on the AFT thermal path not only present two groups with a low and a high peak temperatures in ranges of 90-78℃ and 125-118℃,respectively corresponding to 2-stage primary OGA processes of 162-153 Ma and 140-128 Ma in the Permian reservoirs,but also appear a medium temperature group with the peak of 98℃ in agreement with a secondary OGA process of c.～30 Ma in the Upper Permian reservoirs.The integrated analysis of the AI and FI ages and the tectono-thermal evolution reveals that the Permian reservoirs in the NOB experienced at least 2-stage primary OGA processes of 165-153 Ma and 140-128 Ma in agreement with the subsidence thermal process of the Mid-Early Jurassic and the tectono-thermal event of the Early Cretaceous.Then,the Upper Permian reservoirs further experienced at least 1-stage secondary OGA process of c.～30 Ma in coincidence with a critical tectonic conversion between the slow and the rapid uplift processes from the Late Cretaceous to Neogene.展开更多
The article shows that the foundation of the digital economy can be a new paradigm for predicting the future from the future,i.e.from the future in which the development goal has already been achieved.This allows to m...The article shows that the foundation of the digital economy can be a new paradigm for predicting the future from the future,i.e.from the future in which the development goal has already been achieved.This allows to minimize all costs and completely avoid incorrect system solutions of the existing trial-and-error approach.Using the achievements of the technological revolution of Industry 4.0,an effective digital economy can be formed only when it is seen as an economy of coordinated interests between the state,business,society and the interests of each individual in real time at every local level.This will make it possible to solve the problem of ensuring the high quality of life not of citizens in general,but of each individual.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.39870050)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KSCX2-SW-322).
文摘Responses to oligogalacturonic acid (OGA) were determined in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings expressing the calcium reporter protein aequorin. OGA stimulated a rapid, substantial and transient increase in the concentration of cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) that peaked after ca. 15 s. This increase was dose-dependent, saturating at ca. 50 μg Gal equiv/ml of OGA. OGA also stimulated a rapid generation of H2O2. A small, rapid increase in H2O2 content was followed by a much larger oxidative burst, with H2O2 content peaking after ca. 60 min and declining thereafter. Induction of the oxidative burst by OGA was also dose-dependent, with a maximum response again being achieved at ca. 50 μg Gal equiv/mL. Inhibitors of calcium fluxes inhibited both increases in [Ca2+]cyt and [H2O2], whereas inhibitors of NADPH oxidase blocked only the oxidative burst. OGA increased strongly the expression of the defence-related genes CHS,GST, PAL and PR-1. This induction was suppressed by inhibitors of calcium flux or NADPH oxidase, indicating that increases in both cytosolic calcium and H2O2 are required for OGA-induced gene expression.
文摘This paper evaluates the place of public relations in the image management strategies of the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) particularly after the infamous “Oga at the Top” interview by the Lagos State Commandant of the Corps. The paper uses questionnaire and the interview schedule as instruments to gather data from members of the public who are familiar with the “Oga at the Top” incident and the public relations officers (PROs) of the NSCDC respectively. From the data gathered, we conclude that the NSCDC adopted different image management strategies to salvage the corporate image of the Corps;that the image management strategies have engendered a cordial relationship between the media and the Corps;and that the infamous “Oga at the Top” incident brought some fame to the Corps as free advertisement as well as questioned the capacity of its officials to discharge their duties effectively. As a fallout of this evaluation, it is recommended that NSCDC management should endeavour to engage only professionals in the field of public relations who would understand and implement public relations objectives and functions in the organisation and that all ranking officers of the NSCDC should endeavour to involve the public relations unit in all their engagement with the external publics to avoid a repeat of the “Oga at the Top” incident that affected the Corps’ image negatively.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2003CB2146007)the Special Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Colleges and Universities of the National Education Ministry of China (No. 20116101110006)+2 种基金the Key Project of Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (No.2012JZ5001)the Oil-gas Survey Project of China Geological Survey Bureau (1212011220761)the Preferred Foundation of Study Abroad Returnees of the Human Resources and Social Security of China
文摘Geochronology of oil-gas accumulation （OGA） is a challenging subject of petroleum geology in multi-cycle superimposed basins.By K-Ar dating of authigenic illite （AI） and fluid inclusion （FI） analysis combined with apatite fission track （AFT） thermal modeling,a case study of constraining the OGA times of the Permian reservoirs in northeast Ordos basin （NOB） has been conducted in this paper.AI dating of the Permian oil-gas-bearing sandstone core-samples shows a wide time domain of 178-108 Ma.The distribution of the AI ages presents 2-stage primary OGA processes in the Permian reservoirs,which developed in the time domains of 175-155 Ma and 145-115 Ma with 2-peak ages of 165 Ma and 130 Ma,respectively.The FI temperature peaks of the samples and their projected ages on the AFT thermal path not only present two groups with a low and a high peak temperatures in ranges of 90-78℃ and 125-118℃,respectively corresponding to 2-stage primary OGA processes of 162-153 Ma and 140-128 Ma in the Permian reservoirs,but also appear a medium temperature group with the peak of 98℃ in agreement with a secondary OGA process of c.～30 Ma in the Upper Permian reservoirs.The integrated analysis of the AI and FI ages and the tectono-thermal evolution reveals that the Permian reservoirs in the NOB experienced at least 2-stage primary OGA processes of 165-153 Ma and 140-128 Ma in agreement with the subsidence thermal process of the Mid-Early Jurassic and the tectono-thermal event of the Early Cretaceous.Then,the Upper Permian reservoirs further experienced at least 1-stage secondary OGA process of c.～30 Ma in coincidence with a critical tectonic conversion between the slow and the rapid uplift processes from the Late Cretaceous to Neogene.
基金RFBR according to the research project(No:19-010-00809)。
文摘The article shows that the foundation of the digital economy can be a new paradigm for predicting the future from the future,i.e.from the future in which the development goal has already been achieved.This allows to minimize all costs and completely avoid incorrect system solutions of the existing trial-and-error approach.Using the achievements of the technological revolution of Industry 4.0,an effective digital economy can be formed only when it is seen as an economy of coordinated interests between the state,business,society and the interests of each individual in real time at every local level.This will make it possible to solve the problem of ensuring the high quality of life not of citizens in general,but of each individual.
