Using the polymerizable hydrophobic styrene monomer as the dispersion medium and the traditional nonionic surfactant OP-10 as emulsifier, stable silver nanoparticles of narrow size distribution were prepared by a reve...Using the polymerizable hydrophobic styrene monomer as the dispersion medium and the traditional nonionic surfactant OP-10 as emulsifier, stable silver nanoparticles of narrow size distribution were prepared by a reverse （w/o） microemulsion method. The powder X-ray diffraction （XRD） pattern indicated that the obtained silver nanoparticles were of face-centered cubic structure. The results of the transmission electron microscopy （TEM） show that the final silver nanoparticles are of spherical structure with an average diameter of 15.2 nm and of a Gaussian distribution. The internal high-ordered structure of silver nanoparticles was characterized by the field-emission high-resolution transmission electron microscopy （FEHRTEM）, indicating that the silver is monocrystalline and it has only one nucleation site during the formation process of a nanoparticle. The time-resolved UV-visible absorption spectra was used to monitor the process of the reaction in situ. The results show that the concentration of silver nanoparticles increases but the size changes little and the morphology transforms from obvious ellipsoidal shape to nearly spherical shape during the process. The experimental results indicate that the droplets’ dynamic exchange which is closely related to the nature of surfactant film is the control factor of the kinetics. The dynamic exchange mechanism of silver nanoparticle formation is proposed to involve continual encounter of two separate droplets forming transient fused dimer in which the chemical reaction occurs followed by re-separation without combination. Attributed to the dual role of surfactant in the nanoparticle formation, tailored nanoparticles can be successfully synthesized in control in the premise of a certain stability of reverse microemulsion.展开更多
目的探讨氟比洛芬酯预处理后心脏瓣膜置换术患者的肺损伤和血清肺表面活性物质相关蛋白A(pulmonary surfactant associated protein A,SP-A)、白细胞介素-10(interleukin,IL-10)浓度变化。方法随机选取2016年8月至2018年8月四川省自贡...目的探讨氟比洛芬酯预处理后心脏瓣膜置换术患者的肺损伤和血清肺表面活性物质相关蛋白A(pulmonary surfactant associated protein A,SP-A)、白细胞介素-10(interleukin,IL-10)浓度变化。方法随机选取2016年8月至2018年8月四川省自贡市第四人民医院心脏瓣膜置换术患者120例,随机分为2组:氟比洛芬酯预处理组(氟比洛芬酯组,n=60)和0.9%氯化钠溶液预处理组(对照组,n=60)。统计分析两组患者的血流动力学、肺损伤指标、血清SP-A、IL-10浓度、机械通气时间、重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)停留时间、住院时间。结果T1、T2、T3、T4时氟比洛芬酯组患者的心率、平均动脉压均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T3时氟比洛芬酯组患者的氧合指数显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T4时氟比洛芬酯组患者的呼吸指数、肺泡动脉氧分压均显著低于对照组,氧合指数显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T2、T3、T4时氟比洛芬酯组患者的血清SP-A浓度均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),血清IL-10浓度均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。氟比洛芬酯组患者的机械通气时间显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论氟比洛芬酯较0.9%氯化钠溶液预处理后心脏瓣膜置换术更能有效减轻患者的肺损伤,降低患者的血清SP-A浓度,提升患者的血清IL-10浓度。展开更多
文摘Using the polymerizable hydrophobic styrene monomer as the dispersion medium and the traditional nonionic surfactant OP-10 as emulsifier, stable silver nanoparticles of narrow size distribution were prepared by a reverse （w/o） microemulsion method. The powder X-ray diffraction （XRD） pattern indicated that the obtained silver nanoparticles were of face-centered cubic structure. The results of the transmission electron microscopy （TEM） show that the final silver nanoparticles are of spherical structure with an average diameter of 15.2 nm and of a Gaussian distribution. The internal high-ordered structure of silver nanoparticles was characterized by the field-emission high-resolution transmission electron microscopy （FEHRTEM）, indicating that the silver is monocrystalline and it has only one nucleation site during the formation process of a nanoparticle. The time-resolved UV-visible absorption spectra was used to monitor the process of the reaction in situ. The results show that the concentration of silver nanoparticles increases but the size changes little and the morphology transforms from obvious ellipsoidal shape to nearly spherical shape during the process. The experimental results indicate that the droplets’ dynamic exchange which is closely related to the nature of surfactant film is the control factor of the kinetics. The dynamic exchange mechanism of silver nanoparticle formation is proposed to involve continual encounter of two separate droplets forming transient fused dimer in which the chemical reaction occurs followed by re-separation without combination. Attributed to the dual role of surfactant in the nanoparticle formation, tailored nanoparticles can be successfully synthesized in control in the premise of a certain stability of reverse microemulsion.
文摘目的探讨氟比洛芬酯预处理后心脏瓣膜置换术患者的肺损伤和血清肺表面活性物质相关蛋白A(pulmonary surfactant associated protein A,SP-A)、白细胞介素-10(interleukin,IL-10)浓度变化。方法随机选取2016年8月至2018年8月四川省自贡市第四人民医院心脏瓣膜置换术患者120例,随机分为2组:氟比洛芬酯预处理组(氟比洛芬酯组,n=60)和0.9%氯化钠溶液预处理组(对照组,n=60)。统计分析两组患者的血流动力学、肺损伤指标、血清SP-A、IL-10浓度、机械通气时间、重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)停留时间、住院时间。结果T1、T2、T3、T4时氟比洛芬酯组患者的心率、平均动脉压均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T3时氟比洛芬酯组患者的氧合指数显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T4时氟比洛芬酯组患者的呼吸指数、肺泡动脉氧分压均显著低于对照组,氧合指数显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T2、T3、T4时氟比洛芬酯组患者的血清SP-A浓度均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),血清IL-10浓度均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。氟比洛芬酯组患者的机械通气时间显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论氟比洛芬酯较0.9%氯化钠溶液预处理后心脏瓣膜置换术更能有效减轻患者的肺损伤,降低患者的血清SP-A浓度,提升患者的血清IL-10浓度。
