低温等离子治疗儿童鼻咽部第二鳃裂囊肿分析

目的探讨儿童鼻咽部第二鳃裂囊肿的临床特征和治疗方式,提高诊治能力。方法回顾性分析河北省儿童医院收治的4例儿童鼻咽部第二鳃裂囊肿的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、症状、影像学资料和治疗过程。总结分析病变部位特点,B超、CT或MRI特征,术后病理结果及治疗方式。结果4例鼻咽部第二鳃裂囊肿患儿均表现为鼻咽侧壁咽鼓管咽口与腭咽弓后上方连线上的囊性肿物,囊壁较厚,影像学检查结果均为囊性病变。4例患儿选择内镜下低温等离子病变切除术,其中2例为内侧囊壁大部分切除术,将囊腔充分敞开,2例为囊肿全部切除术。术后病理提示衬覆纤毛柱状上皮或复层上皮,周围淋巴组织增生。术后随访1.5~3年无复发。结论儿童鼻咽部第二鳃裂囊肿临床罕见,诊断主要依靠病变部位及术后病理结果,内镜下低温等离子切除病变组织是微创、安全、有效的治疗方式。

Fractal Fractional Order Operators in Computational Techniques for Mathematical Models in Epidemiology

New fractional operators, the COVID-19 model has been studied in this paper. By using different numericaltechniques and the time fractional parameters, the mechanical characteristics of the fractional order model areidentified. The uniqueness and existence have been established. Themodel’sUlam-Hyers stability analysis has beenfound. In order to justify the theoretical results, numerical simulations are carried out for the presented methodin the range of fractional order to show the implications of fractional and fractal orders.We applied very effectivenumerical techniques to obtain the solutions of themodel and simulations. Also, we present conditions of existencefor a solution to the proposed epidemicmodel and to calculate the reproduction number in certain state conditionsof the analyzed dynamic system. COVID-19 fractional order model for the case of Wuhan, China, is offered foranalysis with simulations in order to determine the possible efficacy of Coronavirus disease transmission in theCommunity. For this reason, we employed the COVID-19 fractal fractional derivative model in the example ofWuhan, China, with the given beginning conditions. In conclusion, again the mathematical models with fractionaloperators can facilitate the improvement of decision-making for measures to be taken in the management of anepidemic situation.

Novel Investigation of Stochastic Fractional Differential Equations Measles Model via the White Noise and Global Derivative Operator Depending on Mittag-Leffler Kernel

Because of the features involved with their varied kernels,differential operators relying on convolution formulations have been acknowledged as effective mathematical resources for modeling real-world issues.In this paper,we constructed a stochastic fractional framework of measles spreading mechanisms with dual medication immunization considering the exponential decay and Mittag-Leffler kernels.In this approach,the overall population was separated into five cohorts.Furthermore,the descriptive behavior of the system was investigated,including prerequisites for the positivity of solutions,invariant domain of the solution,presence and stability of equilibrium points,and sensitivity analysis.We included a stochastic element in every cohort and employed linear growth and Lipschitz criteria to show the existence and uniqueness of solutions.Several numerical simulations for various fractional orders and randomization intensities are illustrated.

超声成像技术在脊柱脊髓手术中的应用进展

术中超声(Intraoperative Ultrasonography,IOUS)在脊柱脊髓手术中的应用,最早可追溯至20世纪50年代[1],DOHRMANN等[2]在1982年将实时超声用于硬膜内外肿瘤、脊髓空洞及脊髓囊肿手术中并得到了令人满意的结果。随着操作成本的降低和实用性的提高,术中超声在脊柱手术中的应用场景取得巨大进展[3]。本文就术中超声成像技术在减压、内固定、肿瘤等脊柱外科手术中的应用进展进行综述。

洁净室洁净度分级标准探究

鉴于科技的进步和实验经验,ISO/TC 209出台ISO14644-1:2015《按粒子浓度划出空气洁净度等级》Classification of air cleanliness by particle concentration比ISO14644-1:1999《空气洁净度等级》Classification of air cleanliness技术概念更清晰,使用更方便;实事求是,更赋灵活性:分级表中,所有浓度值都是累积,包括所有大于等于关注粒径(Considered particle size)的粒子的最大允许浓度值(Maximun allowable concentration siae),浓度限值。区域粒子浓度太高,浓度限值不适用;或者由于低浓度时采样和统计方法的局限性区域分级不适用。按统计学技术概念,决定检测洁净度最少采样点数N_(L);N_(L)值与洁净度无直接关联。作为标准应用的补充,超净环境检测需关注超高过滤器滤材最易穿透粒径MPPS,Most penetrating particle size。

低温等离子射频消融联合下鼻甲骨折外移术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的疗效观察

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者接受低温等离子射频消融联合下鼻甲骨折外移术后睡眠及经鼻持续气道正压通气(nasal continuous positive airway pressure,nCPAP)治疗耐受性的改善情况。方法选择40例OSAHS合并双侧下鼻甲肥大的患者作为研究对象,均在局麻下接受下鼻甲低温等离子射频消融联合骨折外移术。术前及术后2周分别采用多导睡眠监测(PSG)、鼻阻力仪、autoCPAP呼吸机及视觉模拟量表(VAS)测定睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(lowest oxygen saturation,LSaO_(2))、鼻气道阻力及nCPAP治疗耐受性。结果与术前比较,术后2周时患者AHI降低至(35.17±9.72)次/h,LSaO_(2)提高至(83.21±6.58)%,鼻气道阻力降低至(0.55±0.09)kPa·s/cm^(3),VAS评分升高至8.32±1.17,差异比较均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论低温等离子射频消融联合下鼻甲骨折外移术能有效降低OSAHS患者的鼻阻力,提高nCPAP治疗的耐受性,改善OSAHS患者的睡眠情况。

Sensorimotor Self-Learning Model Based on Operant Conditioning for Two-Wheeled Robot

Traditional control methods of two-wheeled robot are usually model-based and require the robot's precise mathematic model which is hard to get. A sensorimotor self-learning model named SMM TWR is presented in this paper to handle these problems. The model consists of seven elements: the discrete learning time set, the sensory state set, the motion set, the sensorimotor mapping, the state orientation unit, the learning mechanism and the model's entropy. The learning mechanism for SMM TWR is designed based on the theory of operant conditioning(OC), and it adjusts the sensorimotor mapping at every learning step. This helps the robot to choose motions. The leaning direction of the mechanism is decided by the state orientation unit. Simulation results show that with the sensorimotor model designed, the robot is endowed the abilities of self-learning and self-organizing,and it can learn the skills to keep itself balance through interacting with the environment.

AN EXPLANATION ON FOUR NEW DEFINITIONS OF FRACTIONAL OPERATORS

Fractional calculus has drawn more attentions of mathematicians and engineers in recent years.A lot of new fractional operators were used to handle various practical problems.In this article,we mainly study four new fractional operators,namely the CaputoFabrizio operator,the Atangana-Baleanu operator,the Sun-Hao-Zhang-Baleanu operator and the generalized Caputo type operator under the frame of the k-Prabhakar fractional integral operator.Usually,the theory of the k-Prabhakar fractional integral is regarded as a much broader than classical fractional operator.Here,we firstly give a series expansion of the k-Prabhakar fractional integral by means of the k-Riemann-Liouville integral.Then,a connection between the k-Prabhakar fractional integral and the four new fractional operators of the above mentioned was shown,respectively.In terms of the above analysis,we can obtain this a basic fact that it only needs to consider the k-Prabhakar fractional integral to cover these results from the four new fractional operators.

REFINEMENTS OF THE NORM OF TWO ORTHOGONAL PROJECTIONS

In this paper,some refinements of norm equalities and inequalities of combination of two orthogonal projections are established.We use certain norm inequalities for positive contraction operator to establish norm inequalities for combination of orthogonal projections on a Hilbert space.Furthermore,we give necessary and sufficient conditions under which the norm of the above combination of o`rthogonal projections attains its optimal value.

On Multi-Granulation Rough Sets with Its Applications

Recently,much interest has been given tomulti-granulation rough sets (MGRS), and various types ofMGRSmodelshave been developed from different viewpoints. In this paper, we introduce two techniques for the classificationof MGRS. Firstly, we generate multi-topologies from multi-relations defined in the universe. Hence, a novelapproximation space is established by leveraging the underlying topological structure. The characteristics of thenewly proposed approximation space are discussed.We introduce an algorithmfor the reduction ofmulti-relations.Secondly, a new approach for the classification ofMGRS based on neighborhood concepts is introduced. Finally, areal-life application from medical records is introduced via our approach to the classification of MGRS.

An Intelligent MCGDM Model in Green Suppliers Selection Using Interactional Aggregation Operators for Interval-Valued Pythagorean Fuzzy Soft Sets

Green supplier selection is an important debate in green supply chain management(GSCM),attracting global attention from scholars,especially companies and policymakers.Companies frequently search for new ideas and strategies to assist them in realizing sustainable development.Because of the speculative character of human opinions,supplier selection frequently includes unreliable data,and the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy soft set(IVPFSS)provides an exceptional capacity to cope with excessive fuzziness,inconsistency,and inexactness through the decision-making procedure.The main goal of this study is to come up with new operational laws for interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy soft numbers(IVPFSNs)and create two interaction operators-the intervalvalued Pythagorean fuzzy soft interaction weighted average(IVPFSIWA)and the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy soft interaction weighted geometric(IVPFSIWG)operators,and analyze their properties.These operators are highly advantageous in addressing uncertain problems by considering membership and non-membership values within intervals,providing a superior solution to other methods.Moreover,specialist judgments were calculated by the MCGDM technique,supporting the use of interaction AOs to regulate the interdependence and fundamental partiality of green supplier assessment aspects.Lastly,a statistical clarification of the planned method for green supplier selection is presented.

Wigner function of optical cumulant operator and its dissipation in thermo-entangled state representation

To conveniently calculate the Wigner function of the optical cumulant operator and its dissipation evolution in a thermal environment, in this paper, the thermo-entangled state representation is introduced to derive the general evolution formula of the Wigner function, and its relation to Weyl correspondence is also discussed. The method of integration within the ordered product of operators is essential to our discussion.

Appropriate Combination of Crossover Operator and Mutation Operator in Genetic Algorithms for the Travelling Salesman Problem

Genetic algorithms(GAs)are very good metaheuristic algorithms that are suitable for solving NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems.AsimpleGAbeginswith a set of solutions represented by a population of chromosomes and then uses the idea of survival of the fittest in the selection process to select some fitter chromosomes.It uses a crossover operator to create better offspring chromosomes and thus,converges the population.Also,it uses a mutation operator to explore the unexplored areas by the crossover operator,and thus,diversifies the GA search space.A combination of crossover and mutation operators makes the GA search strong enough to reach the optimal solution.However,appropriate selection and combination of crossover operator and mutation operator can lead to a very good GA for solving an optimization problem.In this present paper,we aim to study the benchmark traveling salesman problem(TSP).We developed several genetic algorithms using seven crossover operators and six mutation operators for the TSP and then compared them to some benchmark TSPLIB instances.The experimental studies show the effectiveness of the combination of a comprehensive sequential constructive crossover operator and insertion mutation operator for the problem.The GA using the comprehensive sequential constructive crossover with insertion mutation could find average solutions whose average percentage of excesses from the best-known solutions are between 0.22 and 14.94 for our experimented problem instances.

Multimode Design and Analysis of an Integrated Leg-Arm Quadruped Robot with Deployable Characteristics

To improve locomotion and operation integration, this paper presents an integrated leg-arm quadruped robot(ILQR) that has a reconfigurable joint. First, the reconfigurable joint is designed and assembled at the end of the legarm chain. When the robot performs a task, reconfigurable configuration and mode switching can be achieved using this joint. In contrast from traditional quadruped robots, this robot can stack in a designated area to optimize the occupied volume in a nonworking state. Kinematics modeling and dynamics modeling are established to evaluate the mechanical properties for multiple modes. All working modes of the robot are classified, which can be defined as deployable mode, locomotion mode and operation mode. Based on the stability margin and mechanical modeling, switching analysis and evaluation between each mode is carried out. Finally, the prototype experimental results verify the function realization and switching stability of multimode and provide a design method to integrate and perform multimode for quadruped robots with deployable characteristics.

Computational Experiments for Complex Social Systems:Integrated Design of Experiment System

Powered by advanced information industry and intelligent technology,more and more complex systems are exhibiting characteristics of the cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS).And human factors have become crucial in the operations of complex social systems.Traditional mechanical analysis and social simulations alone are powerless for analyzing complex social systems.Against this backdrop,computational experiments have emerged as a new method for quantitative analysis of complex social systems by combining social simulation(e.g.,ABM),complexity science,and domain knowledge.However,in the process of applying computational experiments,the construction of experiment system not only considers a large number of artificial society models,but also involves a large amount of data and knowledge.As a result,how to integrate various data,model and knowledge to achieve a running experiment system has become a key challenge.This paper proposes an integrated design framework of computational experiment system,which is composed of four parts:generation of digital subject,generation of digital object,design of operation engine,and construction of experiment system.Finally,this paper outlines a typical case study of coal mine emergency management to verify the validity of the proposed framework.

Maximal operators of pseudo-differential operators with rough symbols

Consider a pseudo-differential operator T_(a)f(x)=∫_(R^(n))e^(ix,ζ)a(x,ζ)f(ζ)dζwhere the symbol a is in the rough Hormander class L^(∞)S_(ρ)^(m)with m∈R andρ∈[0,1].In this note,when 1≤p≤2,if n(ρ-1)/p and a∈L^(∞)S_(ρ)^(m),then for any f∈S(R^(n))and x∈R^(n),we prove that M(T_(a)f)(x)≤C(M(|f|^(p))(x))^(1/p) where M is the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator.Our theorem improves the known results and the bound on m is sharp,in the sense that n(ρ-1)/p can not be replaced by a larger constant.

Continuous wave and active Q-switched operation of Watt-level LED-pumped two-rod Nd,Ce:YAG laser

A high-performance LED-side-pumped two-rod Nd,Ce:YAG laser with continuous-wave(CW) and acousto–optical(A-O) Q-switched operation is demonstrated in this work. A symmetrically shaped flat–flat cavity with two identical LEDside-pumped laser modules is employed for power scalability. In the CW regime, the maximum output average power of laser at 1064 nm is 4.41 W, corresponding to a maximum optical conversion efficiency of 5.3% and a slope efficiency is 12.4%. In the active Q-switched regime, the pulse energy of laser reaches as high as 0.89 m J at a repetition rate of 800 Hz with a pulse width of 457.2 ns, the corresponding highest peak output power is 1.94 k W and the M~2 factor is measured to be about 8.8. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration and the highest performance of a CW LED-side-pumped two-rod laser Nd,Ce:YAG with Watt-level output reported so far.

A Novel Scalable Fault-Tolerant Control Design for DC Microgrids With Nonuniform Faults

Dear Editor,The existing control schemes for microgrids(MGs)face challenges in effectively addressing plugging in/out operations under uncertain power lines and faults.To tackle this issue,this letter proposes a novel scalable fault-tolerant control(FTC)strategy for DC MGs.By developing a structured Lyapunov matrix(SLM),a decoupled FTC method is introduced to mitigate the adverse effects of uncertain lines and nonuniform faults.Moreover,global stability is ensured by deriving local rules expressed as linear matrix inequalities(LMIs)that solely depend on local parameters.Each new distributed generation unit(DGU)introduces only one additional condition of this nature,allowing the stability rules to scale with topology changes.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is illustrated through simulations conducted using the MATLAB/SimPowerSystems toolbox.

A Planning Method for Operational Test of UAV Swarm Based on Mission Reliability

The unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm plays an increasingly important role in the modern battlefield,and the UAV swarm operational test is a vital means to validate the combat effectiveness of the UAV swarm.Due to the high cost and long duration of operational tests,it is essential to plan the test in advance.To solve the problem of planning UAV swarm operational test,this study considers the multi-stage feature of a UAV swarm mission,composed of launch,flight and combat stages,and proposes a method to find test plans that can maximize mission reliability.Therefore,a multi-stage mission reliability model for a UAV swarm is proposed to ensure successful implementation of the mission.A multi-objective integer optimization method that considers both mission reliability and cost is then formulated to obtain the optimal test plans.This study first constructs a mission reliability model for the UAV swarm in the combat stage.Then,the launch stage and flight stage are integrated to develop a complete PMS(Phased Mission Systems)reliability model.Finally,the Binary Decision Diagrams(BDD)and Multi Objective Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization(MOQPSO)methods are proposed to solve the model.The optimal plans considering both reliability and cost are obtained.The proposed model supports the planning of UAV swarm operational tests and represents a meaningful exploration of UAV swarm test planning.

Recent Advance in Synaptic Plasticity Modulation Techniques for Neuromorphic Applications

Manipulating the expression of synaptic plasticity of neuromorphic devices provides fascinating opportunities to develop hardware platforms for artifi-cial intelligence.However,great efforts have been devoted to exploring biomimetic mechanisms of plasticity simulation in the last few years.Recent progress in various plasticity modulation techniques has pushed the research of synaptic electronics from static plasticity simulation to dynamic plasticity modulation,improving the accuracy of neuromorphic computing and providing strategies for implementing neuromorphic sensing functions.Herein,several fascinating strategies for synap-tic plasticity modulation through chemical techniques,device structure design,and physical signal sensing are reviewed.For chemical techniques,the underly-ing mechanisms for the modification of functional materials were clarified and its effect on the expression of synaptic plasticity was also highlighted.Based on device structure design,the reconfigurable operation of neuromorphic devices was well demonstrated to achieve programmable neuromorphic functions.Besides,integrating the sensory units with neuromorphic processing circuits paved a new way to achieve human-like intelligent perception under the modulation of physical signals such as light,strain,and temperature.Finally,considering that the relevant technology is still in the basic exploration stage,some prospects or development suggestions are put forward to promote the development of neuromorphic devices.