聚酯酯化工艺塔余热综合利用

文章概述了在聚酯工艺塔装置中增加ORC发电机组配合溴化锂制冷回收酯化余热的相关研究。项目实施后,每年可节约用电约320万kWh,降低对煤炭的消耗,减少CO_(2)、粉尘、SO_(2)以及氮的氧化物的排放,改善了生态环境。

浅析小型海水淡化装置及发展

海水淡化工艺是小型海水淡化装置的关键技术,介绍了三种海水淡化工艺——低温多效蒸馏法、反渗透法和机械蒸气再压缩法,提出用于柴油发电机废热回收的有机朗肯循环与机械蒸气再压缩法的小型海水淡化装置方案,等效于柴油机发电效率提高7%,不仅满足60吨/天的海水淡化装置,还有额外电量供其他动力设备使用。

有机朗肯循环系统的实验研究和性能分析

对以自主设计的向心透平为膨胀机的有机朗肯循环低品位热能发电系统进行实验研究,结果表明:蒸发器的火用损失都是最大的,其次是冷凝器和向心透平,透平入口压力0.397 MPa、入口温度100.58℃时,蒸发器火用损失为3.81 k W,占总火用损失50.64%,冷凝器和透平火用损失为2.88和0.82 k W,分别占38.25%和10.89%.在实验基础上,用Aspen7.3模拟增加回热器对系统性能的影响,结果显示:热源温度和蒸发温度不变时,有回热器的ORC系统热力性能优于基本ORC系统.

High Efficiency Landfill Gas Fired Power Plant Process with ORC

Helsinki Environmental Services Authority HSY ,Ammaissuo waste management centre consists of two landfill sites. The old land filling area was established in 1987 and closed in 2007. The landfilling at the new landfill section started in November 2007. Until spring 2014 the main treatment method for source separated MSW （municipal solid＇waste） collected from Helsinki Metropolitan area households was landfilling. Approximately 250,000 tonnes of MSW was landfilled annually. From April 2014 on all of the MWS has been utilized in heat and electricity production at new Waste to Energy plant owned and operated by energy company Vantaa Energy Ltd. The landscaping of the landfills is currently ongoing. The construction of the landfill gas collection system was started in 1994 and from 1996 on landfill gas from old landfill area was recovered and burned in torches to reduce the greenhouse gas effect caused by methane in landfill gas. In the end of year （2004） new landfill gas utilisation system was taken in use Gas was used as a fuel in HOB （heat only boiler） to generate district heating for nearby community as well as commercial and industrial sites. The capacity of the system was 7,000 Nm3/h that corresponded to app. 30 MW of heat. Since district heat was mainly needed only during the cold season of the year only about half of the landfill gas produced by the landfill was able to utilize and rest of the gas was still flared leading to relatively low utilization rate of the gas. The construction work of the new 15 MW ＋ 1.2 MW electricity power plant started in spring 2009. The power plant consists of four gas engines and generators and organic rankine cycle process utilizing thermal oil for heat transfer from exhaust gas and steam turbine with hexamethyldisiloxane （silicone oil） as a medium agent. The ORC （Organic Rankine Cycle）-process was commissioned in August 2011 and the operational experiences have been very good. Based on current knowledge the HSY power plant is the biggest landfill gas fired power plant in Europe and probably even in the whole world. Also the combined engine and ORC-process is unique for landfill gas power plants. The third phase of the biogas utilization took place in summer 2015 when the anaerobic digestion biowaste treatment plant was introduced. At the moment the product gas from digestion plant is utilized at landfill gas power plant. In the future gas will be used as a fuel for new power plant process consisting two gas engines and ORC process. Commissioning of the new power plant will take place in October 2016. This paper presents detailed description of the landfill gas utilization system of HSY waste treatment centre and information on operational experiences of landfill gas fired power plant process.

ORC工质选择的多级非结构性模糊决策分析

工质的选择是有机朗肯循环(ORC)系统优化中的关键问题之一。建立了基于多级非结构性模糊决策分析方法的ORC工质优选体系,根据影响因素的非结构性的特点建立三级模糊优选模型,综合考虑ORC系统的技术性能、经济性能和环保性能3方面因素的影响,并针对影响ORC工质优选的因素复杂、确定隶属函数主观因素较强的情况引入非结构性模糊决策法以确定其隶属度与权重。应用此模型对150℃热源条件下某ORC系统进行工质的优选,得到了不同评价级对应的优选工质序列。R123是对应三级评价准则下该ORC系统的最优工质,验证了多级非结构性模糊决策模型在ORC工质优选中的适用性。

基于有机朗肯循环的酒精制作工艺中余热发电的研究

节约资源是我国的基本国策,有效提高能源利用率是节约能源、保护环境的重要举措。有机朗肯循环发电装置能够有效地利用工业中的废热,将其转化成清洁能源—电能。本文基于有机朗肯循环系统(简称ORC),通过对酒精制作工艺特点的分析,重点研究了酒精制作过程中有机朗肯循环系统的利用方法,并通过某酒精厂为实例,分析其经济可行性。

尿素高调水ORC膨胀发电机组过程控制的研究与设计

本文以某公司尿素装置高调水膨胀发电机组为对象,根据工艺控制需求对重要参数的过程控制进行分析、研究,提出了有效的控制策略。通过对各变量、扰动的分析,确定被控参数以及调节参数,实现了重要操作参数(包括蒸发温度、蒸发器液位、膨胀机转速及功率)的分散控制。通过调试以及运行,基本实现了主要参数的有效控制,为今后ORC膨胀发电机组控制系统的设计提供了宝贵的经验。

炼油厂低温余热有机朗肯循环工艺参数选择

炼油厂低温余热具有热量大、取热方便等特点,适合采用有机朗肯循环发电方式进行回收利用。从工程设计角度看,膨胀机型式、工质类型和最佳蒸发温度等参数是确定工艺方案时的重点参数。根据炼油厂低温余热参数进行热力计算,对重点参数进行比选,即可得出不同热源条件下的最优工艺参数。研究表明,向心式膨胀机适用于热源热量较大的场合,单机功率可达500~10000kW,螺杆式膨胀机适合于小流量、小膨胀比、单机功率100~1000kW的场合;循环工质R600、R600a和R245fa在热源温度90~130℃区间内的热力性能相近,热源温度较高时R245fa的热力性能更好,选择工质时应着重考虑系统配套措施和工质价格因素,工质价格对大容量系统一次投资影响较大;系统温差和冷热源温度确定后,即可通过模拟计算得出其佳蒸发温度,热源温度为130、120、110、100、90℃时,系统的最佳蒸发温度分别在85、80、75、70、65℃附近。