Assessment of hindlimb motor recovery affer severe thoracic spinal cord injury in rats: classification of CatWalk XT■ gait analysis parameters

Assessment of locomotion recovery in preclinical studies of experimental spinal cord injury remains challenging. We studied the CatWalk XT■gait analysis for evaluating hindlimb functional recovery in a widely used and clinically relevant thoracic contusion/compression spinal cord injury model in rats. Rats were randomly assigned to either a T9 spinal cord injury or sham laminectomy. Locomotion recovery was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan open field rating scale and the CatWalk XT■gait analysis. To determine the potential bias from weight changes, corrected hindlimb(H) values(divided by the unaffected forelimb(F) values) were calculated. Six weeks after injury, cyst formation, astrogliosis, and the deposition of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans were assessed by immunohistochemistry staining. Compared with the baseline, a significant spontaneous recovery could be observed in the CatWalk XT■parameters max intensity, mean intensity, max intensity at%, and max contact mean intensity from 4 weeks after injury onwards. Of note, corrected values(H/F) of CatWalk XT■parameters showed a significantly less vulnerability to the weight changes than absolute values, specifically in static parameters. The corrected CatWalk XT■parameters were positively correlated with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan rating scale scores, cyst formation, the immunointensity of astrogliosis and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan deposition. The CatWalk XT■gait analysis and especially its static parameters, therefore, seem to be highly useful in assessing spontaneous recovery of hindlimb function after severe thoracic spinal cord injury. Because many CatWalk XT■parameters of the hindlimbs seem to be affected by body weight changes, using their corrected values might be a valuable option to improve this dependency.

Enhancement of motor functional recovery in thoracic spinal cord injury: voluntary wheel running versus forced treadmill exercise

Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.

Drug and herb induced liver injury: Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences scale for causality assessment

Causality assessment of suspected drug induced liver injury(DILI) and herb induced liver injury(HILI) is hampered by the lack of a standardized approach to be used by attending physicians and at various subsequent evaluating levels. The aim of this review was to analyze the suitability of the liver specific Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences(CIOMS) scale as a standard tool for causality assessment in DILI and HILI cases. PubMed database was searched for the following terms: drug induced liver injury; herb induced liver injury; DILI causality assessment; and HILI causality assessment. The strength of the CIOMS lies in its potential as a standardized scale for DILI and HILI causality assessment. Other advantages include its liver specificity and its validation for hepatotoxicity with excellent sensitivity, specificity and predictive validity, based on cases with a positive reexposure test. This scale allows prospective collection of all relevant data required for a valid causality assessment. It does not require expert knowledge in hepatotoxicity and its results may subsequently be refined. Weaknesses of the CIOMS scale include the limited exclusion of alternative causes and qualitatively graded risk factors. In conclusion, CIOMS appears to be suitable as a standard scale for attending physicians, regulatory agencies, expert panels and other scientists to provide a standardized, reproducible causality assessment in suspected DILI and HILI cases, applicable primarily at all assessing levels involved. 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All

Translation and piloting of the Chinese Mandarin version of an intensive care-specific pressure injury risk assessment tool(the COMHON Index)

Objective:To translate an intensive care-specific pressure injury risk assessment tool(the COMHON Index)from English into Chinese Mandarin.Methods:A four-step approach to instrument translation was utilised:1)English-Mandarin forward-translation by three independent bilinguists;2)Mandarin-English back-translation by two other inde-pendent bilinguists;3)comparison of forward and back-translations,identification of discrepancies,with required amendments returned to step one;and 4)piloting of the translated instrument.The pilot study was undertaken in a Chinese surgical intensive care unit with a convenience sample of 20 nurses.A five-point ordinal scale(1=very difficult;5=very easy)was used to assess ease-of-use and understanding.Translations were retained where medians4 indicated use and understanding was easy to very easy.Results:Five iterations of steps 1 to 3,and two sets of amendments to the original English instrument,were required to achieve translation consensus prior to pilot testing.Subscale scoring,sum scoring,and risk categorisation were documented in most pilot assessments(≥80%),but three sum scores were incorrectly tallied.The overall tool and all subscales were easy to use and understand(medians≥4),and most assessments(16/20,80%)took5 min to complete.Thus,translations were retained,with minor amendments made to instrument instructions for scoring and risk categorisation.Conclusions:An easy-to-use Chinese Mandarin intensive care-specific pressure injury risk assessment tool has been introduced through cross-cultural translation.However,it requires further testing of interrater reliability and agreement.A rigorous translation and reporting exemplar is presented that provides guidance for future translations.

Arthroscopic Assessment of Intra-Articular Injury in Patients with Acute Unstable Malleolar Fracture

Introduction: Purpose to study prevalence of the intraarticular chondral lesion in the malleolar fracture by using ankle arthroscopy to fully understand the severity and complexity of the injury. Methods: Cross sectional study of 32 patients diagnosed with ankle fracture and undergone open reduction and internal fixation with arthroscopic assessment performed stimultaneously. The mechanism of injury, patterns of injury and intraarticular chondral injury were documented. Results: Mean age was 38 years (SD = 14.1, range 18 - 68 years). Eighteen were female and 14 were male. Fifteen involved syndesmostic distruption, 22 had Danis-Weber B injury and 16 had supination external rotation (SER). Ten (31.2%) had positive intraoperative cartilage injury. Significant correlation between the Lauge-Hansen classifications with positive findings with 6 had SER, 2 had pronation adduction and 2 had pronation external rotation. Conclusion: The prevalence of chondral injury in ankle fracture was quite high and may leads to poor outcome. Arthroscopy procedure allow surgeon to assess intraarticular surface and reduction of the ankle fracture which prompt further intervention that may improve the clinical outcomes and prognosis of the patients.

Antituberculosis Drug-Induced Liver Injury: An Ignored Fact, Assessment of Frequency, Patterns, Severity and Risk Factors

Background/Aims: Antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (TB DILI) is a frequent medical problem in Pakistan. Critical understanding of various aspects of TB DILI is not only important to manage liver injury but may also prevent unnecessary discontinuation of antituberculosis treatment. The study is aimed to determine the frequency, types, severity and patterns of TB DILI. Study further evaluates various risk factors of TB DILI. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of two seventy-eight patients with the diagnosis of tuberculosis, where patients were followed during tuberculosis treatment. TB DILI was defined in accordance to international DILI expert working group. Results: Out of two seventy eight-patients, ninety-five (34.14%) had TB DILI. The most common pattern of TB DILI was hepatocellular (63.15%) followed by mixed (23.15%) and Cholestatic (13.68%). Most of the patients had mild DILI (43.15%) followed by moderate (30.52%), severe (20.01%) and very severe (5.26%). Age > 35 years, concomitant hepatotoxic drugs, extrapulmonary TB and malnutrition are important risk factors for TB DILI. Conclusion: All patterns of TB DILI with varying severity were present. Age > 35 years, malnutrition, extrapulmonary TB and concomitant use of hepatotoxic drugs were risk factors for TB DILI.

Drug-induced severe liver injury due to Sterculia versicolor: a case report with causality assessment from possible to probable

Sterculia gum,the dry exudate of Sterculia versicolor and other members of the same genus,is used as a thickener and emulsifier in foods.It is generally considered safe as a food or drug,and its adverse reactions,such as Sterculia-induced liver injury,have never been reported.A 46-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with fatigue,nausea,abdominal distension,jaundice and a>16-fold increase in transaminase and bilirubin level.The patient had used Sterculia gum prior to the onset of her symptoms.Her symptoms and clinical indicators improved after treatment.The possibility of acute viral hepatitis,autoimmune hepatitis,and metabolic liver disease was excluded.After discharge from hospital,the patient had a severe liver injury again when re-exposed to Sterculia gum.And the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method score was updated from 5 to 7,which was consistent with probable drug-induced liver injury.This is the first report of Sterculia-induced liver injury.Clinicians need to be aware of the potential hepatotoxicity of Sterculia.

急性胃肠道损伤分级联合序贯器官衰竭评分对脓毒症患者28天预后有评估价值

目的:探讨急性胃肠损伤(AGI)分级联合序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA)对脓毒症患者28 d预后的预测价值。方法:以192例脓毒症患者为研究对象,根据患者28 d是否存活分为存活组和死亡组,比较2组的临床特征。入院1周内每日记录AGI分级,并分析不同AGI分级患者的临床特征。分别绘制AGI分级、SOFA评分、急性生理学及慢性健康状况(APACHEⅡ)评分以及AGI分级联合SOFA评分对患者28 d预后的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算相应的曲线下面积(AUC),并进行比较。结果:192例脓毒症患者28 d死亡率为38.0%(73/192),AGI的发生率为89.1%(171/192),其中1级患者69例,2级72例,3级26例,4级4例。AGI分级越高,患者危重症评分、28 d死亡率越高(P均<0.01)。多元回归分析显示,年龄、乳酸、机械通气(MV)、AGI分级以及APACHEⅡ评分是脓毒症患者28 d死亡的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。ROC曲线分析提示,AGI分级、SOFA评分对患者28 d死亡的预测能力均低于APACHEⅡ评分,但两者相结合的预测能力与APACHEⅡ评分相当(P>0.01)。结论:脓毒症患者AGI发生率高,AGI分级联合SOFA评分对脓毒症患者28 d预后有预测价值。

儿科手术患者术中获得性压力性损伤风险评估量表的构建及应用研究

目的 构建儿科手术患者术中获得性压力性损伤(IAPI)风险评估量表并探讨其应用效果。方法 选取2022年8月至2023年5月湖南省儿童医院106例儿科手术患者为研究对象,通过文献回顾和德尔菲专家函询,生成IAPI风险评估量表,将函询后生成的量表应用到临床,开展信效度检验及预测IAPI发生的效能。结果 两轮函询结果显示,专家积极性较高、权威程度较高、意见比较集中、一致性较高。最终量表包括手术时间、体位、美国麻醉医师协会分级、营养状态、体重指数、术中受压处皮肤情况、术前肢体活动、组织灌注8个条目,量表Cronbach’s α系数为0.705,分半信度为0.725,问卷水平内容效度指数为0.832,条目水平内容效度指数为0.805~1.000。使用Munro量表作为效标,术前、术中、术后评分的相关系数分别为0.377、0.415、0.513。量表预测IAPI发生的曲线下面积为0.810,灵敏度为70.8%、特异度为81.5%、临界值为13.5分。结论 构建的量表具有较高的权威性和科学性,可作为儿科手术患者IAPI风险的评估工具。

压力性损伤风险评估表对手术患者压力性损伤发生的护理效果分析

目的探究压力性损伤风险评估表对手术患者压力性损伤发生的护理效果影响。方法随机选取2020年1月-2021年12月潍坊市益都中心医院收治的200例外科手术患者为研究对象,以随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组100例。观察组采用Braden压力性损伤评估量表护理干预,对照组采用常规护理干预,对比两组患者的相关指标。结果观察组压力性损伤发生率为6.00%,低于对照组的17.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.944,P<0.05)。观察组压力性损伤分期结果中,1期4例,2期1例,3期1例,4期0例,和对照组(1期3例,2期4例,3期10例,4期0例)相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组护理满意度为97.00%,高于对照组87.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过采用压力性损伤风险评估表护理干预,能够对压力性损伤患者的压力性损伤风险进行评估,也能够对患者的恢复情况进行判别。

基于博弈论组合赋权-云模型的消防员训练损伤风险评估

为降低消防员训练损伤发生率,从个人因素、环境因素和组织管理因素3个方面,提出包含19个指标的消防员训练损伤风险评估指标体系;采用Bonferroni有序加权平均算子(BON-OWA算子)修正层次分析法(AHP)的误差,获得各指标的主观权重;引用基于指标相关性的权重确定法(CRITIC)确定各指标的客观权重;基于博弈论组合赋权法确定各指标的组合权重;引入云模型理论,建立消防员训练损伤风险评估模型,并以河南省某消防救援大队消防员的训练为例,验证该模型的科学性。结果表明:训练装备的战技性能状况指标对消防员的训练损伤风险等级影响最大;该风险评估模型通过数据处理,可以确定消防员训练损伤风险等级;案例中,消防员在5种不同情景下的训练损伤风险等级均为一般风险,这与模糊综合评价法所得结果一致。

CT灌注成像在骨骼肌损伤评估中的研究进展

分析CT灌注成像(Computed Tomography Perfusion Imaging,CTPI)技术,明确该技术在骨骼肌损伤评估中的应用情况,以期可以对骨骼肌损伤治疗提供一定参考。

不同评估量表在药物性肝损伤中的诊断价值分析

目的采用RUCAM评估量表、Maria&Victorino评估量表、RECAM评估量表3种因果关系评估量表分别对药物性肝损伤(DILI)确诊病例进行评分,比较3种量表之间的诊断准确性差异,探讨其对于DILI诊断的临床意义。方法纳入2011年1月—2022年12月于北京大学第一医院住院、肝组织学活检病理结果支持DILI及有明确用药史的98例DILI确诊患者。采集研究对象的临床资料,并用上述因果关系评估量表评分,应用χ^(2)检验分析因果关系评估量表的诊断准确性,应用加权kappa系数(κw系数)分析因果关系评估量表的一致性。结果在纳入的所有DILI患者中,RECAM评估量表的准确性最高,与RUCAM评估量表比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.667,P=0.017)。RUCAM评估量表和RECAM评估量表的诊断一致性中等(κw=0.469),而RECAM评估量表和Maria&Victorino评估量表的诊断一致性较差(κw=0.156)。在急性DILI患者中,RECAM量表、RUCAM量表、Maria&Victorino量表的不符合诊断率分别为3.7%、11.1%、42.6%;在肝细胞型DILI患者中,RECAM量表、RUCAM量表、Maria&Victorino量表的不符合诊断率分别为8.9%、21.4%、62.5%;在胆汁淤积型和混合型DILI患者中,RECAM量表、RUCAM量表、Maria&Victorino量表的不符合诊断率分别为10.0%、22.5%、47.5%。结论在急性DILI中使用RECAM评估量表和RUCAM评估量表能提高诊断率;在肝细胞型DILI和临床表现包含胆汁淤积的DILI(胆汁淤积型DILI和混合型DILI)中使用RECAM评估量表和RUCAM评估量表能提高诊断率;根据不同的病程及临床分型选择诊断准确性较高的因果关系评估量表有助于进一步提高临床诊断率。

新生儿病房护士对新生儿医源性皮肤损伤及其高危因素认知的现状调查

目的:分析新生儿病房护士对新生儿医源性皮肤损伤(NISI)及其高危风险因素的认识情况,并了解护士对NISI风险评估相关量表的认知现状,为编制科学实用的NISI风险评估量表提供依据。方法:采用便利抽样法,于2021年11月采用自行编制的问卷对天津市205名新生儿病房护士进行问卷调查。结果:新生儿病房护士认为临床最为常见的NISI类型依次为医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤(MARSI)、药物外渗性皮肤损伤和医疗器械相关压力性损伤(MDRPI)。帕累托图和拟合优度检验结果显示,新生儿科病房护士认为MARSI高危因素主要为皮肤状况、粘胶粘贴时间、粘胶剂类型、胎龄及体质量,累计比率为78.53%;药物外渗性皮肤损伤高危因素主要为输注药物性质、置管位置、早产和低体质量及置管类型,累计比率77.62%;MDRPI高危因素主要为胎龄、体质量、活动度、营养及皮肤浸渍,累计比率为79.44%。卡方检验显示,是否在临床使用过NISI风险评估量表对于护士应用NISI风险评估量表的意愿、应用量表对临床工作量的影响评价及应用量表对护理质量的影响评价差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=31.886、12.641、8.863,P均<0.01)。结论:新生儿医源性皮肤损伤临床常见类型包括MARSI、药物外渗性皮肤损伤和MDRPI,新生儿科病房护士认为胎龄、体质量是其共同高危因素,但损伤类型不同,其特异性高危风险因素存在差异。NISI风险评估量表在临床的应用可在一定程度上减轻护理工作量、提高护理质量,有必要编制出科学实用的NISI风险评估量表以满足临床需求。

非自杀性自伤患者的生理疼痛与社会疼痛及其影响因素研究进展

非自杀性自伤行为是目前临床中常见的病理行为,严重影响个体身心健康。自伤与个体疼痛感知异常密切相关。疼痛分为生理疼痛和社会疼痛,相比健康人群,非自杀性自伤患者对生理疼痛敏感性低而对社会疼痛敏感性高,生理疼痛阈值增高而社会疼痛阈值减低,疼痛敏感性的改变使其通过“以痛镇痛”的方式缓解情绪。非自杀性自伤个体疼痛敏感性的改变与社会心理因素密切相关,自我批评、抑郁症状和童年期不良经历都与非自杀性自伤患者的疼痛敏感性有关。

红外热像仪联合Braden评估表在预防严重烧伤患者1期压力性损伤中的应用研究

目的采用红外热像仪联合Braden压力性损伤风险评估表,评估烧伤患者翻身床治疗中可能出现的1期压力性损伤风险,明确红外热像仪在预防严重烧伤患者1期压力性损伤中的作用和优势。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法,收集2023年1~12月收治的严重烧伤患者34例,均采用翻身床定期翻身治疗,并将患者分为Braden评估组(单纯应用Braden评估表,n=17)和联合评估组(红外热像仪联合Braden评估表,n=17)。收集患者入院时的一般临床资料;并在患者入院接受翻身床治疗1个月后的1周内,每天根据臀部压力性损伤评估,调整翻身次数和臀部护理按摩时间,记录两组患者1周内翻身总次数和臀部按摩总时间,并对数据进行统计分析。结果联合评估组在减少翻身次数、缩短臀部护理按摩时间上均明显优于Braden评估组(P<0.05)。两组均发生臀部褥疮1例(1/17),发生压力性损伤的概率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论采用红外热像仪联合Braden评估表对翻身床烧伤患者臀部受压部位进行监测,相较单纯采用Braden评估表,能够更加准确、及时发现潜在1期压力性损伤,还可以明显减少患者翻身治疗次数及臀部按摩时间,减轻护理负担,具有一定的临床应用价值。

高压氧舱治疗对脑损伤后遗症患者的康复效果评估

目的:探讨高压氧舱治疗对脑损伤后遗症患者的康复效果。方法:选取2023年1月至2024年1月期间新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的80例脑损伤后遗症患者,依据随机数表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组40例,对照组接受常规治疗和干预,观察组在常规治疗和干预基础上联合高压氧舱治疗,评价两组患者血清氧化应激指标、神经营养因子指标水平,以及神经功能、认知功能、运动功能及生存质量。结果:治疗后观察组血清氧化应激指标中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)及活性氧(ROS)水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.578、11.065、3.706,P<0.05),神经营养因子泛素羧基末端水解酶L1(UCH-L1)、神经元特异烯醇化酶(NSE)以及血清钙结合蛋白(S100-β)水平均低于对照组,血清氧化应激指标脑氧摄取率(CERO2)高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.170、4.277、4.130、2.260,P<0.05);治疗后观察组美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分低于对照组,精神状况评价量表(MMSE)评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=15.874、7.820,P<0.05);Loewenstein认知功能评定量表(LOTCA)、简化FuglMeyer运动功能量表(FMA)上、下肢评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=14.051、4.766、8.622,P<0.05);世卫组织生存质量表(WHOQOL-BREF)中生理、心理、社会及环境评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=19.968、21.979、18.077、19.695,P<0.05)。结论:脑损伤后遗症患者应用高压氧舱治疗,利于调整血清氧化应激指标、神经营养因子指标水平,可改善神经功能缺损,促进认知及运动功能恢复,提升生存质量。

严重腹部创伤院内救治专家共识(2024)

腹部创伤是交通事故、灾害事件及战时常见损伤之一,常为多脏器复杂性损伤。腹部简明损伤评分(abbreviated injury scale,AIS)≥3分的严重腹部创伤患者常因失血性休克、感染等并发症导致死亡,因此,针对腹部创伤开展早期评估、诊断和有效处置至关重要[1-2]。近年来,随着医学技术的不断发展,针对腹部创伤的院内快速诊断和救治理念快速革新,救治水平逐步提升。

新疆阿克苏地区棉花苗期低温灾害风险评估及区划研究

【目的】低温灾害是新疆阿克苏地区棉花苗期的主要农业气象灾害之一,严重限制棉花生产的稳定性和安全性。明确阿克苏地区棉花苗期低温灾害的风险区域,可以有效提升该地区应对低温灾害的防御能力。【方法】基于阿克苏地区1961―2020年的气象资料,利用气候倾向率分析了阿克苏地区棉花苗期日最高气温、日最低气温、日平均气温和2种低温灾害(寒潮、晚霜冻)发生频次的变化趋势,并分析了4-5月寒潮和晚霜冻发生的时间分布特征。通过分析低温致灾因子的危险性指数,结合承灾体暴露度指数和防灾减灾能力,构建低温灾害的综合风险评估模型,并进行棉花苗期低温灾害的风险区划。【结果】1961―2020年阿克苏地区棉花苗期日最低气温、日最高气温和日平均气温均呈显著升高趋势,寒潮和晚霜冻发生频次呈减少趋势,寒潮在4月10日之后和晚霜冻在4月12日之后的发生率均低于20%。阿克苏地区春季低温致灾因子的危险性等级呈现出“北高南低、西高东低”的空间分布特征。综合风险区划结果表明,阿克苏地区中部和中东部的阿拉尔市、阿克苏市中部、阿瓦提县东北部、柯坪县东部边缘、新和县东部、库车市西南部与中部、沙雅县北部和温宿县东南部是低温灾害的高等级、较高等级风险区。【结论】尽管阿克苏地区春季气温升高,寒潮和晚霜冻的发生频次减少,但阿克苏地区的中部和中东部植棉区仍面临较高的低温灾害风险,需采取针对性措施以减轻低温灾害对棉花生产的影响。

中草药相关肝损伤的诊断:实践中的挑战

随着草药和膳食补充剂(HDS)在全球范围内的应用日益广泛,中草药相关肝损伤(HILI)已成为药物性肝损伤的重要病因。由于HILI表现多样、病史采集困难、缺乏特异性生物标志物等原因,如何及时发现疑似患者并建立正确诊断成为实践过程中的主要难题。目前诊断HILI的过程中多用到因果关系评估,但缺乏大样本前瞻性队列验证。此外,对于HILI诊断的特异性生物标志物仍有待进一步研究。HILI的诊断和鉴别诊断是极具挑战性的问题,目前尚无公认的统一、标准的方法适用于全因HILI的诊断。