BACKGROUND In the obese patient population,some patients have severe obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)with daytime hypoventilation.Such patients are generally identified on the basis of the presence or absence of daytime h...BACKGROUND In the obese patient population,some patients have severe obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)with daytime hypoventilation.Such patients are generally identified on the basis of the presence or absence of daytime hypercapnia,and the condition is called obesity hypoventilation syndrome.However,mechanisms for such daytime hypoventilation remain unclear.AIM To investigate metabolic syndrome and daytime hypercapnia association based on hypercapnia prevalence in obese OSA patients in a nested case-control study.METHODS Consecutive obese patients(body mass index≥30 kg/m2)who underwent polysomnography due to suspected OSA were included.Among them,patients with severe OSA(apnea hypopnea index≥30/h)were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of hypercapnia during wakefulness(arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide≥or<45 Torr,respectively).The characteristics and clinical features of these two groups were compared.RESULTS Among 97 eligible patients,25 patients(25.8%)had daytime hypercapnia.There were no significant differences in age,gender,body mass index,apnea-hypopnea index,and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores between the two groups.However,patients with hypercapnia had a significantly lower arterial partial pressure of oxygen level(75.8±8.2 torr vs 79.9±8.7 torr,P=0.042)and higher arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide level(46.6±2.5 torr vs 41.0±2.9 torr,P<0.001).Additionally,patients with hypercapnia were more likely to have metabolic syndrome(72.0%vs 48.6%,P=0.043)and a higher metabolic score(the number of satisfied criteria of metabolic syndrome).In multivariate logistic regression analysis,the presence of metabolic syndrome was associated with the presence of hypercapnia(OR=2.85,95%CI:1.04-7.84,P=0.042).CONCLUSION Among obese patients with severe OSA,26%of patients had hypercapnia during wakefulness.The presence of metabolic syndrome was independently correlated with the presence of daytime hypercapnia.展开更多
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome （OHS） is defined as obesity （body mass index, 〉30 kg/m^2） with daytime hypoventilation （PCO2, 〉45 mmHg） that is not secondary to cardiopulmonary or neurologic disease. Around 8...Obesity hypoventilation syndrome （OHS） is defined as obesity （body mass index, 〉30 kg/m^2） with daytime hypoventilation （PCO2, 〉45 mmHg） that is not secondary to cardiopulmonary or neurologic disease. Around 80-90% of the patients with OHS have obstructive sleep apnea and severe arterial oxygen desaturation. Obstructive sleep apnea has been found to be associated with a variety of eye diseases, including floppy eyelid syndrome, glaucoma, papilledema, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, and retinal vein occlusion （RVO）. While the association between OHS and ophthalmologic disorders is not well-known, our case report sheds light on this association.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND In the obese patient population,some patients have severe obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)with daytime hypoventilation.Such patients are generally identified on the basis of the presence or absence of daytime hypercapnia,and the condition is called obesity hypoventilation syndrome.However,mechanisms for such daytime hypoventilation remain unclear.AIM To investigate metabolic syndrome and daytime hypercapnia association based on hypercapnia prevalence in obese OSA patients in a nested case-control study.METHODS Consecutive obese patients(body mass index≥30 kg/m2)who underwent polysomnography due to suspected OSA were included.Among them,patients with severe OSA(apnea hypopnea index≥30/h)were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of hypercapnia during wakefulness(arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide≥or<45 Torr,respectively).The characteristics and clinical features of these two groups were compared.RESULTS Among 97 eligible patients,25 patients(25.8%)had daytime hypercapnia.There were no significant differences in age,gender,body mass index,apnea-hypopnea index,and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores between the two groups.However,patients with hypercapnia had a significantly lower arterial partial pressure of oxygen level(75.8±8.2 torr vs 79.9±8.7 torr,P=0.042)and higher arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide level(46.6±2.5 torr vs 41.0±2.9 torr,P<0.001).Additionally,patients with hypercapnia were more likely to have metabolic syndrome(72.0%vs 48.6%,P=0.043)and a higher metabolic score(the number of satisfied criteria of metabolic syndrome).In multivariate logistic regression analysis,the presence of metabolic syndrome was associated with the presence of hypercapnia(OR=2.85,95%CI:1.04-7.84,P=0.042).CONCLUSION Among obese patients with severe OSA,26%of patients had hypercapnia during wakefulness.The presence of metabolic syndrome was independently correlated with the presence of daytime hypercapnia.
文摘Obesity hypoventilation syndrome （OHS） is defined as obesity （body mass index, 〉30 kg/m^2） with daytime hypoventilation （PCO2, 〉45 mmHg） that is not secondary to cardiopulmonary or neurologic disease. Around 80-90% of the patients with OHS have obstructive sleep apnea and severe arterial oxygen desaturation. Obstructive sleep apnea has been found to be associated with a variety of eye diseases, including floppy eyelid syndrome, glaucoma, papilledema, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, and retinal vein occlusion （RVO）. While the association between OHS and ophthalmologic disorders is not well-known, our case report sheds light on this association.
