Toxic Effects of Ficus benghalensis Latex Based Combinatorial Formulations on Various Enzymatic Parameters in Indian White Termite Odontotermes obesus

In the present investigation, various bioassays were conducted to evaluate the alteration in levels of various enzymes i.e. alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and acetylcholinesterase. For this purpose worker termites were treated with sub-lethal doses of 40% and 80% of 24 hrs LD50 of latex-based combinatorial formulations and observations were taken at 4 hours intervals up to 24 hours. Ficus benghalensis crude latex and its combinatorial mixtures, like C-MLT-A, CU-MLT-A, AQ-MLT, P-MLT and EA-MLT significantly altered the level of enzymes in Odontotermes obesus and this effect found time and dose-dependent. Reduction or increase in enzymes was calculated by using the corresponding control. The maximum decrease in acid phosphatase level was observed at 16 h when termites were treated with 80% of LD50 of B-MLT-B and P-MLT i.e. 82.84% at 16 h of treatment. A similar dose caused a very slight decrease in glutamate pyruvate transaminase at 4 h of treatment but with the increase in time. Further decrease was noted in other successive treatments that were significant at p > 0.05. Similarly, 40% and 80% of LD50 of the C-MLT-B mixture caused significant (p > 0.05) decrease in alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase level at 16 h treatment i.e. 93.42%, 89.46% and 95.89%, 88.17% respectively. The level of acetylcholinesterase was also found to be decreased when termites were treated with 40% and 80% of LD50 of C-MLT-B mixture i.e. 92.72% and 97.27% respectively. All the above alterations noted in levels of various enzymes confirm the action of latex ingredients on worker termites that were anti-feedant or deterrent types. These ingredients can be used to control not only termites but also other phytophagous insects.

Biochemical Alterations and Termiticidal Activity of Combinatorial Essential Oil Ingredients of Citrus maxima on Indian White Termite Odontotermes obesus

Essential oils are better alternative for synthetic termiticides with the inherent resistance by insects, environmental and health effects on humans. In present investigation, various bio-molecules i.e. glycogen, protein, amino acid, DNA, RNA and lipid were evaluated to determine the anti-termite efficacy of Citrus maxima essential oil based combinatorial formulations against Indian white termite Odontotermes obesus. For this purpose, termites were treated topically with 40% and 80% of 24 hr LD50 values of various combinatorial formulations. A significant (p > 0.05) alteration was noted in all the above biomolecules at various time intervals. Both dose response and time period was found important in physiological alteration in levels of various bio-molecules. Combinatorial mixtures of Citrus essential oils have shown synergistic activity against termites. The research outcomes of present investigation would help to open sustainable way to termite control in crop field, gardens and houses.

Toxicity of Tagetes erecta Essential Oil Based Combinatorial Formulations on Various Metabolic Enzymes in Indian White Termite Odontotermes obesus

Plant essential oils and their constituents have proven to be very effective against insects, especially termites. They are the best alternative to synthetic pesticides that are harmless to the environment and human health. In the present study, different enzymes, namely alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and acetylcholinesterase, were evaluated in Indian termite Odontotermes obesus in a combination preparation based on Tagetes erecta essential oil. For the study of anti-termite effects against worker termites were treated topically with 40% and 80% of the 24-hour LD50 values of various combination formulations. Subsequent bioassays at 40% and 80% of LD50 of combinatorial preparations S-AST-A, S-AST-B, and S-AST-C resulted in a significant (p > 0.05) decrease in glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase. After 16 hours of treatment, they were 87.92%, 80.17%, 89.30%, 79.17%, 81.92% and 73.17% respectively. In vivo exposures of 40% and 80% of the LD50 of the combination formulation caused a highly significant (p > 0.05) reduction (p > 0.05) of all test enzymes tested compared to controls. The effects of different oil formulations exhibited time- and dose-dependent responses, resulting in physiological changes in the concentrations of various enzymes. The combined mixture of Tagetes erecta essential oils has significantly better anti-termite ability compared to inorganic insecticides. Findings from this study will help support termite control in fields, gardens and homes in a sustainable way, without the downsides of insecticide resistance and pollution. These could potentially be used to produce commercial formulations for use against pests.

Termiticidal and Biochemical Activity of Combinatorial Essential Oil Ingredients of Tagetes erecta on Indian White Termite Odontotermes obesus

In present investigation, various bio-molecular parameters i.e. glycogen, protein, amino acid, DNA, RNA and lipid, were determined for evaluation of anti-termite efficacy of Tagetes erecta essential oil based combinatorial formulations against Indian white termite Odontotermes obesus. For this purpose, 40% and 80% of 24 hrs of LD50 values of various formulations were provided for treatment of termite workers. Observations were taken at 4 hrs time interval up to 16 hrs to know inhibitory activity of these combinatorial mixtures on termite species Odontotermes obesus. Significant (p > 0.05) alterations were observed in the level above mentioned bio-molecules when termites were treated with different combinatorial essential oils ingredients of Citrus maxima. Combinatorial mixtures of Tagetes erecta essential oils have shown synergistic activity against termites. This study will provide an overall sustainable way to termite control in crop field, gardens and houses. It also suggests use of essential oils as better alternative of synthetic termiticides as these are safer for environmental and human health.

Toxic Effects of Citrus maxima Based Combinatorial Formulations on Important Metabolic Enzymes in Indian White Termite Odontotermes obesus

In the present study, Citrus maxima essential crude oil extract was used to prepare combinatorial formulations and workers of Indian white termite Odontotermes obesus were treated topically with 40% and 80% of 24 hr LD50 values of these formulations. In subsequent bioassays levels of various enzymes i.e. alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and acetylcholinesterase were evaluated to determine the anti-termite efficacy of Citrus maxima essential oil based combinatorial formulations. S-RET-A, S-RET-B and S-RET-C caused significant (p > 0.05) decrease in glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase i.e. 87.47%, 86.81% and 81.77% & 82.04%, 79.39% and 74.75% respectively at 16 h treatment. In vivo exposure of 40% and 80% of LD50 of combinatorial formulations caused very significant (p > 0.05) reduction in all the test enzymes i.e. alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase expect acetylcholinesterase levels after 16 h all tested treatments in comparison to control. Both dose-response and time period were found important in physiological alteration in levels of various enzymes. Combinatorial mixtures of Citrus essential oils have shown synergistic activity against termites. The research findings of the present study would help termite control in crop fields, gardens and houses in a sustainable way.

Effect of Ficus benghalensis Latex Based Combinatorial Formulations on Various Bio-Molecules in Indian White Termite Odontotermes obesus

In present investigation, various bioassays were conducted to evaluate the alteration in levels of certain biomolecules, such as glycogen, protein, amino acid, DNA, RNA and lipids. For this purpose, worker termites were treated with sub-lethal dose 40% and 80% of 24 hrs LD50 values and observations were taken at 4 hrs interval up to 24 hrs. Crude latex and its combinatorial mixtures, like S-MLT-A, B-MLT-A, C-MLT-A, CU-MLT-A, AQ-MLT significantly altered level of bio-molecules in Odontotermes obesus. This effect was found time and dose dependent. Reduction or increase in biomolecules was calculated by using corresponding control. Maximum decrease in glycogen level was observed at 16 h when termites were treated with 80% of LD50 of Ficus benghalensis aqueous extract i.e. 56.88% at 16 h of treatment. A similar dose caused very slight decrease in lipid contents at 4 h of treatment but it was found further significantly (p > 0.05) decreased in other successive treatments. 40% and 80% of LD50 of C-MLT-B mixture caused significant (p > 0.05) decrease in DNA and RNA level at 16 h treatment. The level of DNA and RNA level was recorded 83.90%, 90.18% and 85.42% and 74.05% respectively. Similarly, total proteins were also found to be decreased with 40% and 80% of LD50 of C-MLT-B mixture i.e. 71.47% and 66.45% respectively. All these alterations found in levels of various bio-molecules confirm the action of latex ingredients on worker termites that was antifeedant or deterrent types. These ingredients can be used to control not only termites but also other phytophagous insects in a sustainable and eco-friendly way.

中部太平洋大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)种群遗传结构的初步研究

大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)是世界最重要的渔业资源之一,经济价值较高,捕捞压力的加大使中部太平洋大眼金枪鱼过度捕捞程度愈发严重。开展种群遗传结构研究将为大眼金枪鱼资源的可持续利用与开发提供科学依据。本文以取自中西太平洋和中东太平洋共182尾大眼金枪鱼个体为研究对象,分析研究其线粒体DNA控制区第一个高变区(the first hypervariable region,HVR-1)457bp的序列,共发现115个变异位点,定义了178种单倍型。序列多样性分析结果显示:8个采样点核苷酸多样性在0.03074—0.04362之间,单倍型多样性在各个采样点都较高,变动范围在0.996—1.000之间;分子方差分析显示99.97%的遗传变异性来自于种群内;群体间的高基因交流值Nm和低分化指数Fst揭示中东太平洋与中西太平洋群体间基因交流频繁,不存在显著的遗传分化。

Evaluation of Three Harvest Control Rules for Bigeye Tuna(Thunnus obesus) Fisheries in the Indian Ocean

The stock of Bigeye tuna(Thunnus obesus) in the Indian Ocean supports an important international fishery and is considered to be fully exploited. The responsible management agency, the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission(IOTC), does not have an explicit management decision-making framework in place to prevent over-fishing. In this study, we evaluated three harvest control rules, i) constant fishing mortality(CF), from 0.2 to 0.6, ii) constant catch(CC), from 60000 to 140000 t, and iii) constant escapement(CE), from 0.3 to 0.7. The population dynamics simulated by the operating model was based on the most recent stock assessment using Stock Synthesis version Ⅲ(SS3). Three simulation scenarios(low, medium and high productivity) were designed to cover possible uncertainty in the stock assessment and biological parameters. Performances of three harvest control rules were compared on the basis of three management objectives(over 3, 10 and 25 years): i) the probability of maintaining spawning stock biomass above a level that can sustain maximum sustainable yield(MSY) on average, ii) the probability of achieving average catches between 0.8 MSY and 1.0 MSY, and iii) inter-annual variability in catches. The constant escapement strategy(CE=0.5), constant fishing mortality strategy(F=0.4) and constant catch(CC=80000) were the most rational among the respective management scenarios. It is concluded that the short-term annual catch is suggested at 80000 t, and the potential total allowable catch for a stable yield could be set at 120000 t once the stock had recovered successfully. All the strategies considered in this study to achieve a ‘tolerable' balance between resource conservation and utilization have been based around the management objectives of the IOTC.

The Potential Vertical Distribution of Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus obesus) and Its Influence on the Spatial Distribution of CPUEs in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean

Understanding the potential vertical distribution of bigeye tuna(Thunnus obesus) is necessary to understand the catch rate fluctuations and the stock assessment of bigeye tuna. To characterize the potential vertical distribution of this fish while foraging and determine the influences of the distribution on longline efficiency in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, the catch per unit effort(CPUE) data were compiled from the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas and the Argo buoy data were downloaded from the Argo data center. The raw Argo buoy data were processed by data mining methods. The CPUE was standardized by support vector machine before analysis. We assumed the depths with the upper and lower limits of the optimum water temperatures of 15℃ and 9℃ as the preferred swimming depth, while the lower limit of the temperature(12℃) associated with the highest hooking rate as the preferred foraging depth(D12) of bigeye tuna during the daytime in the Atlantic Ocean. The preferred swimming depth and foraging depth range in the daytime were assessed by plotting the isobath based on Argo buoy data. The preferred swimming depth and vertical structure of the water column were identified to investigate the spatial effects on the CPUE by using a generalized additive model(GAM). The empirical cumulative distribution function was used to assess the relationship between the spatial distribution of CPUE and the depth of 12℃ isolines and thermocline. The results indicate that 1) the preferred swimming depth of bigeye tuna in the tropical Atlantic is from 100 m to 400 m and displays spatial variation;2) the preferred foraging depth of bigeye tuna is between 190 and 300 m and below the thermocline;3) the number of CPUEs peaks at a relative depth of 30 –50 m(difference between the 12℃ isolines and the lower boundary of the thermocline);and 4) most CPUEs are within the lower depth boundary of the thermocline levels(LDBT) which is from 160 m to 230 m. GAM analysis indicates that the general relationship between the nominal CPUE and LDBT is characterized by a dome shape and peaks at approximately 190 m. The oceanographic features influence the habitat of tropical pelagic fish and fisheries. Argo buoy data can be an important tool to describe the habitat of oceanic fish. Our results provide new insights into how oceanographic features influence the habitat of tropical pelagic fish and fisheries and how fisheries exploit these fish using a new tool(Argo profile data).

Evaluation of FAD-associated purse seine fishery reduction strategies for bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Indian Ocean

In the Indian Ocean, bigeye tuna supports one of the most important fisheries in the world. This fishery mainly consists of two components: longline and purse seine fisheries. Evidence of overfishing and stock depletion of bigeye tuna calls for an evaluation of alternative management strategies. Using an age-structured operating model, parameterize dwith the results derived in a recent stock assessment,we evaluated the effectiveness of applying constant fishing mortality (CF) and quasi-constant fishing mortality (QCF) strategies to reduce fishing effort of purse seining with fish aggregating devices (FADs) at different rates. Three different levels of productivity accounted for the uncertainty in our understanding of stock productivity. The study shows that the results of CF and QCF are similar. Average SSB and catchduring simulation years would be higher if fishing mortality of FAD-associated purse seiningwas reduced rapidly. The banning or rapid reduction of purse seining with FAD resulted in a mean catch, and catch in the last simulation year, higher than that of the base case in which no change was made to the purse seine fishery. This could be caused by growth overfishing by purse seine fisheries with FADs according to the per-recruit analysis. These differences would be more obvious when stock productivity was low. Transferring efforts of FAD-associated purse seining to longline fisheries is also not feasible.Our study suggests that changes are necessary to improve the performance of the current management strategy.

Effects of plant latex based anti-termite formulations on Indian white termite <i>Odontotermes obesus</i>(Isoptera: Odontotermitidae) in sub-tropical high infestation areas

In the present investigation various bioassays were conducted to evaluate the anti-termite efficacy of plant latex based formulations to control population of Indian white termite in subtropical soil. Results reveal that crude latex, its fractions and combinatorial fractions have shown very high toxicity against O. obesus. The LD50 values for different latex fractions of 24 h were in a range of 5.0-17.613 μg/mg while combined mixtures of Calotropis procera have shown synergistic activity against termites and caused comparably high mortality with LD50 1.987-6.016 μg/mg. The mortality rate was found dose and time dependent as it was found to be increased with an increase in dose and exposure period. In olfactometry tests, C. procera latex solvent fractions have shown significant repellency at a very low dose 0.010-0.320 μg/mg. Interestingly, solvent fractions have significantly repelled large numbers of worker termites due to volatile action of active components of latex and different additives. ED50 values obtained in crude latex were 0.121 μg/mg body weights while combinatorial formulations have shown ED50 in between 0.015-0.036 μg/mg. Statistical analysis of repelled and un-repelled termites gave a low Chi-square value (X2 value = 0.890) which is an indicator of independence of repellent action in randomly selected termite groups. In field experiments pre-soaked cotton threads impregnated with Calotropis procera crude latex were tagged around tree trunks of Tectona grandis provided a wider protection against O. obesus. By employing these pre-coated threads, termite infestation and tunneling activity were significantly decreased (p Calotropis procera possesses enough anti-termite potential against Indian white termite, O. obesus population. If used these, formulations may also provide wide a range of control against other kinds of pests including house hold, medical and veterinary. However, Calotropis procera latex based formulations can be recommended for effective control of termites in high infestation areas by applying spray, or in form of poison baits or as fumigant in pure form.

Impact of glucotoxicity induced <i>in vivo</i>and <i>in vitro</i>in <i>Psammomys obesus</i>

Objective: Chronic hyperglycemia characteristic of type diabetes 2 is responsible for the accelerated atherosclerosis with increased cardiovascular risk. In this study, we will propose to analyze the effect of a long-term of glucotoxicity in vivo in Psammomys obesus by addition of sucrose to 30% for 11 months and in vitro study of adventitial fibroblasts in the presence of D-glucose 0.6% for 7 days. Materials and methods: Evaluation of plasma biochemical parameters was carried out at the initial time and at the end of experiment. At autopsy, a morphological study of the aorta was performed after fixation in aqueous Bouin and staining with Masson’s trichrome. The experimental glucotoxicity is induced by incubation of fibroblasts in DMEM enriched with D-glucose at 0.6% for 7 days. The impact of glucotoxicity is assessed in the intracellular compartments through dosage of total nitrite and malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, and thanks to a morphological assay after fixation of cells with aqueous bouin and blood staining with May Grünwald Giemsa. The evaluation of cell proliferation is accomplished by cell counting. Collagens I and III of the extracellular compartment are characterized by SDS-PAGE. Results: Animals subjected to sucrose showed hyperglycemia associated with hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hyperproteinemia, increased CPK and VLDL-LDL and decreased HDL. Histology of aortas revealed endothelial cells hypertrophy, severe disorganization of intima and media. In the presence of glucose, the proliferation of fibroblasts increases very significantly (P = 2.34 × 10-5), the rate of malonaldehyde, nitrite and total density of chains α2 (I) and α1 (I + III) extra-cellular collagens I and III increased significantly. After staining, the cells showed hypertrophy, vacuolation of cytoplasm and chromatin condensation with nuclear fragmentation, indicative of apoptosis. Conclusion: The glucotoxicity induced in vivo and in vitro is responsible for major structural and metabolic alterations leading to the acceleration of the atherosclerotic process.

Islet protection and amelioration of diabetes type 2 in <i>Psammomys obesus</i>by treatment with cannabidiol

Background and purpose: Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa, has been shown by us, to have an anti-inflammatory effect in collagen-induced arthritis in DBA mice and in type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. As inflammation is a process involved in diabetes type 2, we administered CBD to Psammomys obesus (sand rats), a species which develops diabetes type 2 when fed high-energy (HE) diet, to investigate whether we can hinder the development of the disease. Experimental Approach: Male Psammomys obesus were kept on a high energy diet during the experiments. They were treated with CBD (i.p injection, 5 mg/kg, 5 times/week) for 4 weeks and kept (without CBD) for another 29 - 39 days. The weights of the animals as well as blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were determined and the morphology of the pancreatic islets was examined. Key results: CBD significantly reduced blood glucose levels in Psammomys obesus, without effecting body weight. Plasma insulin levels were significantly higher in the CBD-treated group. The most striking effect noted was the marked decrease of the destruction of pancreatic islets and beta cells. Conclusions and implications: CBD partially protects pancreatic islets and beta cells from destruction. CBD lowers significantly the blood glucose level and increases insulin level in Psammomys obesus with diabetes type 2, but does not lead to obesity. As CBD already has been administered to patients for other medical indications we propose its use as a therapeutic agent in diabetes type 2.

印度洋大眼金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼渔场水温垂直结构的季节变化

为了解印度洋大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)和黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)主要作业渔场温跃层上界温度、深度和垂直温差时空变化特征,采用2007～2010年Argo温度剖面浮标资料,计算了印度洋大眼金枪鱼、黄鳍金枪鱼主要作业渔场次表层温度和温跃层特征参数。研究认为,温跃层上界深度、温度和10～200 m温差存在明显的季节性变化。5～9月在15°～25°S纬向区域存在一块季节性较深的温跃层上界深度区域;在20°S以南海域,12月至次年4月份温跃层上界深度非常浅;在15°S至赤道纬向区域,尤其是在西部,常年存在一块温跃层较浅的区域。总体而言,温跃层上界深度较深的地方温度相对较低,在2～5月期间,在阿拉伯海东南和孟加拉湾西南形成一块大面积的暖水区;7～9月期间,在15°～25°S,纬向区域因温跃层上界深度较深,从表层至温跃层上界深度温度变化相对较大,温跃层上界温度显著较低。在20°S以南,温跃层上界温度常年都很低。10°S经线方向将水下10～200 m垂直温度分成南北两部分,10°S以南部及以北部海区的垂直温差分别大于和小于10℃。分析结果初步揭示了金枪鱼主要作业渔场温跃层上界温度、深度和垂直温差分布特征,为金枪鱼实际生产作业提供理论参考。

太平洋金枪鱼渔场关键次表层环境变量的季节变化

为了解太平洋大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)和黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)主要作业渔场次表层关键环境变量时空分布特征,作者采用2007~2012年Argo剖面浮标数据,分析了太平洋大眼金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼延绳钓主要作业渔场区温跃层特征参数、12℃和距表层海温8℃(Δ8℃)等值线信息。研究表明,温跃层上界深度和温度以及Δ8℃等深线具有明显的季节性变化。温跃层上界深度呈现出冬深、夏浅的季节性变化特征,大致呈纬向带状分布。1~3月份,北太平洋从东到西温跃层上界深度值都超过90 m,同期10°S以南的海域均低于60 m;7~9月份则相反。在太平洋150°W以西,20°S^20°N区域,温跃层上界温度全年在28℃以上。8℃等深线显示在东部太平洋,一块低值区域(<150m)由东海岸向西海岸延伸;在20°N以北和20°S以南的高值区域(>250m)表现出冬深、夏浅的季节性变化特征。温跃层下界深度图显示有两块高值区域(深度大于280m)从西向东,由低纬度向高纬度漂移;在东部太平洋,两个高值区域之间的纬向区域常年存在一块下界深度低值区域(<140m)。与下界深度类似,温跃层下界温度也有两块低温区域(<12℃)从西向东,由低纬度向高纬度漂移。在该低温区域的外侧舌状区域,下界温度超过17℃;东部太平洋在13~15℃。在15°N以北和15°S以南12℃等深线超过400 m,呈舌状;赤道东部太平洋,一块300 m深的细长舌状区域由东向西延伸。在上述区域之间,12℃等深线的深度值低于200 m。温跃层下界深度和温度,以及12℃等深线则没有明显的季节性变化。分析结果初步揭示了太平洋金枪鱼主要作业渔场温跃层上界温度、12℃和Δ8℃等值线信息分布特征,为金枪鱼实际生产作业提供理论参考。

基于空间自回归和空间聚类的渔情预报模型

作者针对远洋渔场渔情预报精度偏低的问题,提出一种基于空间自回归和空间聚类的渔情预报模型。该模型利用空间自回归对收集到的渔业历史数据进行预处理,然后通过空间聚类将所有数据样本根据地理位置分划成若干个区域,最后研究每个区域中环境数据与渔获数据之间的数学关系,各自建立栖息地适宜性指数模型(Habitat Suitability Index,HSI),并以印度洋大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)为例进行验证。结果表明,本模型的均方差为0.1742,与传统线性回归方法的均方差0.2363相比,能更好地表达海洋环境数据与渔获量之间的关系,预测精度显著提高。

基于神经网络的规则提取及其渔业应用研究

为了解决远洋渔业中过度依赖经验而产生的盲目捕捞问题,结合海洋环境数据和历史产量数据对渔场进行有效分析,提出了一种基于径向基函数神经网络(Radial basis function neural network,RBFNN)的栖息地指数(HSI)预测方法,并将其应用于印度洋海域大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)栖息地指数的预测。在RBFNN训练过程中使用模糊C均值(Fuzzy c-means,FCM)聚类算法,在基于神经网络的规则提取过程中首次采用了和声搜索(Harmony search,HS)算法。实验研究表明,利用FCM改进后的RBFNN,均方误差(Mean square error,MSE)达到0.021 6。和声搜索由于算法简单,易于实现,能够应用于训练后的FCM-RBFNN提取分类规则,提取出的规则能够反映该渔业现状。

基于海表温度和海面高度的东太平洋大眼金枪鱼渔场预测

开展东太平洋大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)渔场预报技术研究,建立基于多环境因子渔场预报模型,将对该资源的高效开发和利用具有重要的意义。作者根据2009~2011年东太平洋海域(20°N^35°S、85°W^155°W)延绳钓生产统计数据,结合海洋遥感获得的表温(SST)和海面高度(SSH)的数据,运用一元非线性回归方法,以渔获量为适应性指数,按季度分别建立了基于SST和SSH的大眼金枪鱼栖息地适应性指数,采用算术平均法获得基于SST和SSH环境因子的栖息地指数综合模型,并用2012年各月实际作业渔场进行验证。研究结果显示,大眼金枪鱼渔场多分布在SST为24~29℃、SSH为0.4~0.8 m的海域。指数模型较好地拟合了因子适应性曲线(P<0.05)。基于栖息地指数的2012年大眼金枪鱼中心渔场预报准确性平均达63%,可为金枪鱼延绳钓渔船寻找中心渔场提供指导。

POSVP21, a major secretory androgen-dependent protein from sand rat seminal vesicles, identified as a transgelin

The seminal vesicles of adult sand rat contain a major secretory protein band （MW 21 kDa） designated as Psammomys obesus seminal vesicles protein of 21 kDa （POSVP21）. This protein is abundant in secretions, regulated by androgens and also present in the vaginal plug. POSVP21 accounts for over 22.3% of soluble proteins from homogenate during the breeding season, 13.3% during the middle season and 5.3% during the hormonal regression season. It is absent during the non-breeding season. POSVP21 is localized in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells and in secretory products in the lumen. It presents an immunological homology with two epididymal proteins with the same molecular weight and a high degree of homology with transgelin from rat （Rattus norvegicus）.