An approach to formalizing specification-based class testing

This paper presents a framework that can be used to formalize the specification-based single-class test generation process. Object-Z is used to describe both software requirements and the proposed framework. Using this framework, test engineers can automatically get the testing process model during the test generation process. With this model, properties of test cases （ such as relationship between test cases and methods can easily be captured. Furthermore, with the framework, the test process model can be updated automatically with the test generation process. The properties of test cases can then be updated correspondingly. It will greatly facilitate the regression testing. The main contribution of this paper is that it provides an approach to formalizing testing process by extending existing framework to class testing, and a way to represent test cases as multi-part, multi-step, multi-level artifacts.

Class hierarchical test case generation algorithm based on expanded EMDPN model

A new model of event and message driven Petri network(EMDPN) based on the characteristic of class interaction for messages passing between two objects was extended. Using EMDPN interaction graph, a class hierarchical test-case generation algorithm with cooperated paths (copaths) was proposed, which can be used to solve the problems resulting from the class inheritance mechanism encountered in object-oriented software testing such as oracle, message transfer errors, and unreachable statement. Finally, the testing sufficiency was analyzed with the ordered sequence testing criterion(OSC). The results indicate that the test cases stemmed from newly proposed automatic algorithm of copaths generation satisfies synchronization message sequences testing criteria, therefore the proposed new algorithm of copaths generation has a good coverage rate.

A Specification-Based Case Study from Test Class Framework

Testing is a standard method for verification of software performance. Producing efficient and appropriate test case is an important aspect in testing. Specification based testing presents a method to derive test data from software specification. Because of the precision and concision of specification, the test data derived from specification can test the software efficiently and entirely. This paper demonstrates a test class framework(TCF) on a file reading case study, specified using Z notation. This test class framework defines test case sets, providing structure to the testing process. Flexibility is preserved so that many testing strategies can be used.

Class Tester:一个基于状态转换的类测试工具的设计与实现

面向对象软件测试的类测试方法有三种:基于规约说明的类测试方法、基于类流图的类测试方法、基于状态转换的类测试方法.本文描述了一个针对C++语言的基于状态的类测试工具的设计和实现,介绍了该工具的体系结构和主要算法.对测试驱动器的自动生成的方法作了详细介绍.最后通过一个实例描述了该工具的工作流程.

Correlation between the Six-Minute Walk Test and Subjective Functional Class in Patients with Heart Failure

Introduction: The Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is an inexpensive method to objectively evaluate physical capacity or limitation and stratify prognosis in patients with Heart Failure (HF). Since the clinical perception of symptoms may be adapted or compromised, regular evaluation from medical interviews often fails to determine functional classification. This study aimed to assess the correlation between New York Heart Association Functional Class (NYHA-FC) and the distance walked in the 6MWT. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study that included patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction followed up at an outpatient service of a teaching hospital, from August 2018 to April 2019. Patients in NYHA-FC I, II, or III were included. We compared NYHA-FC subjectively obtained during the consultation with the 6MWT performed after medical consultation, and the correlation between these two parameters was assessed. Results: The study included 70 patients with HF, 41 (58.6%) of whom were female. The mean age was 61.2 ± 12.7 years. The most prevalent etiologies were dilated idiopathic cardiomyopathy (35.7%) followed by ischemic cardiomyopathy (25.7%). The mean ejection fraction was 34.1% ± 9.8%. The average distance walked in the 6MWT by NYHA-FC I patients was 437.8 ± 95.8 meters, NYHA-FC II 360.1 ± 96.4, and NYHA-FC III 248.4 ± 98.3. Functional class measured by the 6MWT was different than that estimated by NYHA-FC in 34 patients (48.6%), 23 (32.9%) for a higher functional class and 11 (15.7%) for a lower one (p = 0.07). Pearson’s correlation coefficient between NYHA-FC and the 6MWT was -0.55. Conclusion: There was a moderate correlation between the subjective NYHA-FC and the 6MWT. The 6MWT revealed a different classification from NYHA-FC in almost half of the patients. Among those who presented discrepancies between methods, 6MWT reclassification towards a higher functional class was more common.

Consistency of Chi-Squared Test with Varying Number of Classes

The classical chi-squared goodness of fit test assumes the number of classes is fixed,meanwhile the test statistic has a limiting chi-square distribution under the null hypothesis.It is well known that the number of classes varying with sample size in the test has attached more and more attention.However,in this situation,there is not theoretical results for the asymptotic property of such chi-squared test statistic.This paper proves the consistency of chi-squared test with varying number of classes under some conditions.Meanwhile,the authors also give a convergence rate of KolmogorovSimirnov distance between the test statistic and corresponding chi-square distributed random variable.In addition,a real example and simulation results validate the reasonability of theoretical result and the superiority of chi-squared test with varying number of classes.

Small Class Size Boosts Test Scores Later

Smaller class sizes in early grades translated into students scoring higher on math tests in later grades in Tennessee’s experiment to see if smaller classes improved education, a study said on Friday. 低年级的小型班级能够使学生在高年级时获得数学测试的高分。田纳西州的一项旨在了解小型班级是否能够改进教育的实验得出如此结论。一项研究周五如是说。

Testability Estimation of Framework Based Applications

Quality of software systems is highly demanded in today’s scenario. Highly testable system enhances the reliability also. More than 50% of test effort-time and cost are used to produce a highly testable system. Thus, design-for-testability is needed to reduce the test effort. In order to enhance the quality, productivity and reduced cost of the software organizations are promoting to produce the reuse-oriented products. Incorporating reuse technology in both aspects-software development process and test process may payoff many folds. Keeping this view, our study focus the testability of the object-oriented framework based software systems and identify that flexibility at the variable points of the object-oriented framework, chosen for framework instantiation, greatly affects the testability of object-oriented framework based software at each level of testing. In the current paper, we propose a testability model considering the flexible aspect of the variable point to estimate testability in the early phase, requirement analysis phase, of development process of the framework based software. The proposed model helps to improve the testability of the software before the implementation starts thus reducing the overall development cost.

Tests for Two-Sample Location Problem Based on Subsample Quantiles

This paper presents a new class of test procedures for two-sample location problem based on subsample quantiles. The class includes Mann-Whitney test as a special case. The asymptotic normality of the class of tests proposed is established. The asymptotic relative performance of the proposed class of test with respect to the optimal member of Xie and Priebe (2000) is studied in terms of Pitman efficiency for various underlying distributions.

家庭社会经济地位对学生社会与情感能力的影响——成长型思维和学业焦虑的链式中介作用

本研究基于2023年济南参加OECD社会与情感能力测评的数据,聚焦家庭社会经济地位对学生社会与情感能力的影响,并尝试从学生成长型思维和学业焦虑两个视角出发,探讨两个变量在家庭社会经济地位影响学生社会与情感能力的中介机制。研究结果表明:(1)家庭社会经济地位、成长型思维都对学生社会与情感能力产生显著正向影响,学业焦虑对学生社会与情感能力产生显著负向影响;(2)成长型思维发挥着显著正向中介作用,即家庭社会经济地位通过成长型思维的中介作用对学生社会与情感能力产生积极促进作用;(3)学业焦虑作为中介变量呈现显著负向中介效应,表明家庭社会经济地位通过学业焦虑的中介作用对学生社会与情感能力产生不利影响;(4)研究进一步揭示了成长型思维和学业焦虑之间显著正向的链式中介作用,即家庭社会经济地位通过影响学生的成长型思维,进而调节学生的学业焦虑水平,最终对学生社会与情感能力产生综合影响。基于实证结果的讨论,本研究针对学生社会与情感能力发展水平的提升提出三方面建议:一是给予家庭社会经济地位较弱的学生群体更多资源和平台的支持;二是以学校为主阵地,系统建立成长型思维培养的路径机制;三是推进家校联动,共同破解青少年学业焦虑难题。

激光雷迪尔级帆船水动力特性试验与数值计算研究

采用试验观测和数值计算的方法研究了六自由度激光雷迪尔级帆船的水动力特性.设计了一套帆船六元力试验测量方法,通过拖曳水池试验获得帆船的水动力特性.采用雷诺时均计算方法和重叠网格技术,通过对试验和仿真的六元力结果进行对比,验证了数值计算方法的准确性.对不同航行姿态下的帆船水动力性能进行了模拟,分析了船体航速、迎角、侧倾角、漂角四个因素对帆船六元水动力的影响规律.研究结果表明:对纵向力影响权重较高的因子是航速和迎角,纵向力与航速呈非线性关系;对横向力影响较大的因子是漂角且两者呈线性关系;侧倾力矩主要受侧倾角和漂角的影响,随侧倾角的增加先减小后增大,在侧倾角为15°附近出现拐点;俯仰力矩受航速和迎角影响较大,随迎角的增大呈线性增大关系;转首力矩对漂角变化响应最大,随漂角增大线性增大.文中获得的六元水动力特性和数据可为提高帆船的操纵性提供重要数据支撑.

核电站用1E级干式变压器应用与鉴定研究

探索核电站安全系统中所用1E级干式变压器的标准体系、质量鉴定程序以及鉴定工作的关键技术,从而提高核电项目的设备国产化水平。1E级干式变压器作为核电站安全系统中的重要设备,在核电站的正常运行和安全性方面扮演着重要角色。然而,目前我国多种核电技术路线并存,因此需要针对不同核电堆型中的1E级干式变压器多次进行相应的研究和鉴定。为了减少供货周期和鉴定成本,分析了各核电技术路线中1E级干式变压器主要的技术参数和特点,包括额定容量、额定电压、抗震要求等,并结合各技术路线的标准体系,提出了1E级干式变压器的一般鉴定程序,给出了鉴定样机参数选择的包络性建议。在鉴定过程中,老化试验是非常重要且耗时最长的环节之一。提供了从原材料、绝缘结构模型到整机的整体验证思路,并提供了测试验证的实例作为参考。同时,针对鉴定中最关键的抗震试验,从楼层反应谱包络性、联合抗震接口等方面进行了论述,并给出了降低抗震风险的建议。通过以上关键技术的研究,提高了1E级干式变压器鉴定试验的严谨性和通过率,降低了鉴定过程中的风险。并通过采用先进的标准体系和质量鉴定程序,可以确保1E级干式变压器在核电站安全系统中的可靠性和稳定性,进而促进核电项目的国产化进程。

国家一流本科专业建设背景下光学无损检测课程教学改革探讨

光学无损检测课程旨在培养学生掌握光学方面的无损检测方法,助力实现国家一流专业建设下无损检测复合型人才培养目标。首先,对教学内容进行改革,使教学内容专业化,符合专业培养目标要求。其次,将科研课题研究成果引入教学,以科研带动教学,在提高学生学习兴趣的同时,引导学生建立处理复杂问题的方法论。最后,将课程思政和工程伦理融入教学,提升学生的责任感和敬业精神。

“金课”导向下临床检验技能学实验课的改革

目的 在“金课”导向下对临床检验技能学实验课进行改革实践。方法 针对传统课程存在的问题,对其教学内容、教学方法以及评价体系三方面进行改革。选取医学检验技术专业参与课程改革的2019、2020级学生以及未参与改革的2018级学生作为研究对象,将2019级、2020级学生分为试验组1(n=150)和试验组2(n=150),将2018级学生作为对照组(n=150),并对改革后三组学生各方面的能力进行综合评价。结果 试验组1和试验组2的总评成绩与课堂满意度较对照组有明显提升,且试验组2较试验组1总评成绩也有所提升。结论 “金课”导向下临床检验技能学实验课的改革实践丰富了实验课的教学内容、创新了教学方法、完善了评价体系,学生的综合能力得到明显提升。

引江济淮淠河总干渠渡槽桥概念设计

引江济淮淠河总干渠渡槽桥是安徽省1号工程引江济淮河道上的一座通水、通航桥梁,桥上水体重量约4万吨,且旱、涝水位变幅极大,属于超量级可变重载。针对该桥竖向刚度和竖向位移、开口断面抗扭能力以及先建后挖的边坡稳定和基础变位等难以控制的问题进行概念设计。该桥采用左右分幅、上桁下拱的结构方案,有效控制了下挠和上拱值,较好地解决了竖向刚度和竖向位移变幅问题;采用上开下合布置形式,梁式U形槽下设置2个拱片+M形横联,有效控制了侧倾和压弯下挠,解决了U形槽的横向变形和扭转问题;采用外桁内波布置,创造性地采用了一种波形板槽壁,通过叶摆式支撑板连接在桁架桥上,解决了水槽与桥体传递力线、水凉钢热的温差效应、水体与桥槽的流固耦合等问题,并采用水工试验等验证了结构的减振作用;采用分阶段的土体开挖施工方案,形成时间差,解决了先建后挖的边坡稳定和基础变位问题;设置分流岛结构、观景平台和监控景观塔,解决了大体量桥体景观设计问题。充水试验结果表明桥梁结构状态良好。

神经网络测试在自主船舶中的应用与未来展望

神经网络在自动驾驶、医疗诊断等安全攸关领域有着广泛应用,但其复杂性和黑箱特性带来的可靠性和安全性问题也不容忽视。神经网络测试是应对这些挑战的关键手段。论文探讨了神经网络测试的重要性,梳理了主要的测试方法,并分析了当前面临的关键挑战及未来的发展方向。同时,论文结合自主船舶这一具体应用场景,深入讨论了深度学习在自主船舶导航和防碰撞中的应用,特别是系统智能和分布式智能策略。论文提出了一种综合方法,通过将神经网络测试与自主船舶技术相结合,以保障自主船舶系统的安全性和可靠性。通过对抗性测试、模糊测试、覆盖率测试和变异测试等方法的应用,提升自主船舶在复杂海洋环境中的鲁棒性和适应性,以期为未来智能交通系统的发展奠定坚实基础。

装备体系试验指挥体制与关键环节研究

体系试验是装备实战化考核和新型军事训练发展的必然趋势,对探索装备体系运用模式、促进装备体系作战能力提升具有重要意义。论文基于体系试验的特征提出了体系试验指挥的特点要求,重点探讨了试验指挥中存在的红、蓝、白三方指挥体制,描述了其方式、流程、能力和链路,最后选取了指挥流程中具有体系试验特性的试验筹划、导演调理和交战裁决三个关键环节,对其主要任务、实施要点等要素进行了归纳总结,为装备体系试验的深入研究和工程实践提供支撑。

基于真实岗位的“三教改革”在《临床检验基础》实验课中的研究

目的为了充分调动学生在《临床检验基础》实验课中的学习积极性、主动性、创造性,培养具有创新意识的高素质技能型应用型人才,该课程进行了教师、教材、教法改革即“三教改革”。方法2022年9月—2023年7月,将2022级医学检验技术专业学生120名随机分成教改组和对照组,教改组60名学生采用基于微课教学的翻转课堂法,对照组60名学生采用传统教学法,记录并比较2组学生的技能、理论、学习通成绩,及问卷调查结果。结果教改组的技能成绩[(83.91±11.18)分]、理论成绩[(63.08±13.96)分]、学习通成绩[(87.69±4.84)分]均高于对照组[(63.08±13.20)分、(57.03±13.45)分、(66.78±11.75)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);问卷中,教改组学生在表达、沟通、合作、创新、应变、查阅资料等方面均强于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论“三教改革”可以调动学生在《临床检验基础》实验课中学习的积极性、创造性,提高理论、技能、学习通成绩,有利于培养高素质技能型和应用型检验人才。

预应力混凝土T梁桥荷载试验分析

为准确掌握桥梁结构运行状况,对某预应力混凝土T梁桥35 m跨进行荷载试验,对各测试点的挠度及应变数据进行分析。结果表明,试验跨结构刚度满足设计要求,并在弹性工作状态。

医学检验技术专业小班化教学在临床生物化学检验技术课程中的应用模式探索

依据职业岗位能力、综合素质、创新思维培养要求完善课程教学方法、教学设计和教学内容,将理论与实践、课内与课外、能力培养与思政教育有机结合,设计医学检验技术专业临床生物化学检验技术课程小班化教学模式。根据医学检验技术专业小班化教学在临床生物化学检验技术课程中的应用情况,较全面地叙述小班化教学的主要内容及执行效果,剖析其优点、存在的问题和改进措施,阐明小班化教学在临床生物化学检验技术课程中的特点和应用价值。