白花罗勒(Ocimum basilium L.)盾状腺毛分泌过程的超微结构研究

白花罗勒成熟的盾状腺毛头部细胞中 ,质体含量丰富 ,体积较大 ,其中有大量的嗜锇物质积累 ;在分泌过程中 ,分泌细胞出现质壁分离现象 ;嗜锇物质向外分泌的途径有两条 :一条是以胞吐的方式 。

Hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic study of Ocimum tenuiflorum L.leaves extract in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Objective:To investigate the antidiabetic activity of Ocimum tenuiflorum L.(O.tenuiflorum) leaves used in the traditional medicine management of diabetes in Malaysia.Methods:O.tenuiflorum leaves were extracted sequentially with hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,methanol,and water.The extracts were evaluated in terms of antidiabetic activity by using acute,subcutaneous glucose tolerance,and sub-chronic tests in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats.The extracts were also subjected to phytochemical analyses.Results:With an acute dose(1 g/kg),the methanol extracts showed significant reduction(31%) in fasting blood glucose(FBG) of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.The FBG-decreasing effect of ethyl acetate extract was more rapid than that of the other extracts;the decreasing rates were 20%after 2 h,21%after 3 h,and 8%after 5 and 7 h.After 7 h(31%),the effect of methanol extract on FBG was significantly lower than that of metformin.In the subcutaneous glucose tolerance test,only methanol and hexane extracts showed the similarity of metformin in diabetic rats.After 14 days,the effects of these extracts were similar to those of metformin(63.33%).The total flavonoid and phenolic contents of extracts decreased as the polarity of the extraction solvent increased.Conclusions:The results obtained provide support for a possible use of O.tenuiflorum leaves in managing hyperglycemia and preventing the complications associated with it in type 2 diabetic.

Chemo-type of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L.from DR Congo and relative in vitro antioxidant potential to the polarity of crude extracts

Objective:To carry out a phyto-chemical characterization of essential oil from Ocimum basilicum L.(O.basilicum) harvested in DR Congo and to assess the antioxidant potential of crude extracts with respect to the polarity for comparison reason.Methods:The phyto-chemical characterization of essential oil produced by hydrodistillation was performed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis and the antioxidant potential evaluation by in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity method.Results:A previously weighed amount of fresh leaves of O.basilicum produced 0.65%of essential oil that led to the identification of a set of 84.44%out of 99.98%as major compounds(> 1.5%).The chemo-type of this essential oil was linalool-methyl chavicol.Chemical components of oil were characterized by oxygenated aromatic hydrocarbons(46.00%) and oxygenated monoterpenes(26.75%).With respect to the amount of components,methyl chavicol also known as estragole(35.72%) constituted the very large quantity afterward linalool(21.25%) and then epi-α-cadinol(8.02%),α-bergamotene(6.56%),eugenol(4.60%),1,8-cineole(4.04%),germacrene D(2.06%),thymol(1.64%),and(E)-citral(1.55%),respectively.Essential oil exhibited antioxidant potential and IC_(50) =(1.180 ± 0.015) mg/mL.Non-polar crude extracts yields were low compared to the one of polar extracts.Only methanol and ethyl acetate had considerably manifested antioxidant potential with IC_(50) values equal to(0.025 ± 0.013) mg/mL and(0.085 ± 0.012) mg/mL,respectively.As concerns to IC50 values,essential oil was less active than methanol and ethyl acetate extracts.The methanol crude extract exhibited the highest activity.Non-polar extracts showed insignificant radical scavenging ability that did not allow assessing IC50 values.These results highlighted the occurrence of antioxidant potential compounds in polar media.Conclusions:Essential oil and crude extracts of O.basilicum growing in DR Congo can be advocated as natural sources of antioxidant potential compounds not only in food but also in pharmaceutical industries.The high antioxidant potential of polar crude extracts highlights antioxidant character of its composition particularly butyl stearate and rosmarinic acid we isolated and identified,respectively in the methanol crude extract.

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Volatile Oil of Ocimum basilicum L. in Bozhou and Its Mechanisms

[Objectives] The research aimed to study the anti-inflammatory effects of volatile oil from Ocimum basilicum L. in Bozhou through the experimental animal model of inflammation.[Methods] Xylene-induced mouse ear swelling model and carrageenan-induced mouse paw swelling model were used to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of volatile oil from O. basilicum L.[Results] The extremely high, high, medium, and low doses of volatile oil from O. basilicum L. had a certain inhibitory effect on the ear swelling of mice induced by xylene ( P <0.05), and the inhibitory effect of high-dose group on the ear swelling of mice was better. The swollen degree of the mice s toes in the different dose groups of volatile oil from O. basilicum L. was significantly lower ( P <0.05), and the high-dose and middle-dose groups had better inhibition.[Conclusions] The volatile oil from O. basilicum L. in Bozhou had a significant inhibitory effect on xylene-induced mouse ear swelling and carrageenan-induced mouse paw swelling. It proved and clarified the anti-inflammatory effects of volatile oil from O. basilicum L. in Bozhou.

Anti-Oxidative, Anti-Hyperglycemic and Lipid-Lowering Effects of Aqueous Extracts of <i>Ocimum sanctum</i>L. Leaves in Diabetic Rats

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum L. leaves on blood glucose, serum lipid profile and anti-oxidative activity to protect various risk organs in DM rats. Ocimum sanctum L. leaves were extracted using water, then the total phenolic content was determined. Three groups of male Wistar rats were used including normal control rats, DM rats and DM rats daily fed with aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum L. leaves (AQOS) for three weeks. DM rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kgbw). The results show that three weeks of diabetic induction increased blood glucose, serum lipid profile and serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, CK-MB, creatinine and BUN. AQOS significantly decreased blood glucose, serum lipid profile and serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, CK-MB, creatinine and BUN. The low level of serum insulin was also raised by AQOS. AQOS suppressed high TBARS level and raised the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the liver, kidney and cardiac tis- sues. Histopathological results show that AQOS preserved the liver, kidney and myocardial tissues. It can be concluded that AQOS had anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and free radical sca- venging effects providing organ protection from diabetes. The phenolic compounds contained in AQOS might be responsible for these activities.

Variability in Content and Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Obtained from Aerial Plant Parts

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) project that is being conducted at the National Oilseed Processing Research Institute (NOPRI) aims at exploiting the genetic diversity and associated phenotypic variation in the investigated basil germplasm and evaluating key factors such as variety, plant ontogeny and plant parts that affect yield, chemical constituents, aroma and flavor of essential oils. This paper discussed the variability inessential oils content and chemical constituents of the aerial plant parts of the basil. An open-air pot experiment was carried out using three accessions provided by Agricultural Research Corporation-Genetic Resources Unit, Sudan. The essential oils were hydro distilled from the aerial parts, flowers, leaves, stems, using Clevenger apparatus. The chemical constituents of the essential oils were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). As the hydro distillation yielded no oil from the stem, we present only the results for leaves and flowers. The results revealed that the essential oil content varied with a range of 0.29% to 0.33% for flowers and 0.32% to 0.48% for leaves. As usual, the content of essential oils was higher in leaves than in flowers. The Silate-Egyptian accession had the lowest essential oil content obtained from leaves and flowers. However, South Darfur accession from Sudan had the highest oil content but did not significantly differ from Kennana accession. Several oil components were identified based upon comparison of their mass spectral data with those of reference compounds published in literature or stored in a computer library. The combined GC-MS analysis showed that methyl eugenol was the major constituent of the essential oil of Kennana accession. While the major constituent of essential oil of South-Darfur and Silate-Egyptian accessions were germacrene and linalool, respectively.

RP-HPLC测定罗勒中石吊兰素的含量

建立反相-高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定罗勒(Ocimum basilicumL.)中石吊兰素的含量。用Microsorb-M V 100-5C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)色谱柱,甲醇:1%醋酸=86:14(V/V)为流动相,流速为0.5mL/min,检测波长为335nm。石吊兰素浓度在0.27—32.4μg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.9999),方法平均回收率大于99%(n=9)。方法简单、可靠,可应用于罗勒植物中石吊兰素的含量测定。

Humic Acid-Induced Hairy Root Growth in Basil Ismodulated by Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species

The bioactivity of humic acids (HA) is mainly due to the presence of auxin analogs. In turn, nitric oxide (NO) production in plants affects root growth and may result from endogenous auxin production or the application of synthetic auxin analogs or HA. Nitric oxide signaling may be related to the bioactivity of the HA. Although the auxin, NO, and ROS-mediated activity of HA has been studied, no studies exist on their effects in Ocimum basilicum L., commonly known as basil. A study under controlled in vitro conditions was performed using hairy roots (hairy roots) of basil grown in medium with N-NO3- (0.5 or 5.0 mM) and subjected to treatments with HA (3 mMC·L-1) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP;100 μM), an NO donor, either without or with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO;200 μM), an NO scavenger. The addition of HA and SNP resulted in significant increases in the root growth, associated with increased NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents. The application of the NO scavenger cPTIO with the SNP and HA decreased the effects of both substances on the root growth and endogenous levels of the NO and ROS. The increased root growth promoted by the NO donor (SNP) and HA was also associated with increased proton pump and catalase activity for both N-NO3- levels tested. The results showed that the effects of HA are dependent on NO and ROS, which act as messengers, inducing root growth.

Extraction Process of Basil Essential Oil by Steam Distillation

[Objectives] To optimize volatile oil extraction from Ocimum basilicum with the water vapor distillation. [Methods] An orthogonal design was carried out to determine the volume of volatile oil by 3 factors: the immersion time, distillation time, amount of water. The ratio of the oil in inclusion complex was used to evaluate the technology based on the orthogonal design. [Results] The best volatile oil extraction condition was to add 400 mL of water into the mixture of crude drugs, and to extract the herbal medicine for 2 h with advanced soaking for 6 h with water. [Conclusions] The process is stable, reasonable, and feasible.

气相色谱法测定闽南产罗勒挥发油中草蒿脑的含量

目的:建立测定闽南产罗勒挥发油中草蒿脑含量的方法。方法:采用气相色谱法,色谱柱为HP-5毛细管柱(30 m×320μm×0.25μm),程序升温,氢离子火焰检测器,检测器温度为270℃,进样口温度为250℃,载气为高纯氮气,流速为1 mL/min,进样量为1μL,进样分流比为10:1。结果:草蒿脑在0.1092~2.6208 mg/mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9995),定量限为0.00125 mg/mL(S/N=10)、检测限为0.00042 mg/mL(S/N=3);精密度、稳定性、重复性的RSD均小于3%;平均回收率为100.32%(RSD=2.70%,n=18)。结论:本方法操作简便、准确,精密度、重复性良好,可用于测定闽南产罗勒挥发油中草蒿脑的含量,并可作为闽南产罗勒的质量综合评价及提取工艺研究提供参考。

基于网络药理学探讨罗勒抗炎抗菌分子机制

利用网络药理学探究罗勒抗炎抗菌的作用机制,并通过体外试验进行初步验证。通过相关数据库筛选到罗勒的18种化合物和6种挥发油成分,作用靶点521个,获得抗炎抗菌相关靶点975个。使用Venny 2.1做药物和疾病靶点交集的韦恩图,得到88个罗勒抗炎抗菌靶点。构建蛋白互作PPI网络,并进行GO和KEGG富集分析。根据蛋白关联度可知核心靶点涉及TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6等,主要通过对细菌的反应、对脂多糖的反应等信号通路发挥抗炎抗菌作用。体外细胞试验采用LPS及热灭活痤疮丙酸杆菌(Cutibacterium acnes,C.a)诱导的THP-1两种炎症细胞模型。采用ELISA法检测添加不同含量罗勒精油(Ocimum basilicum L.essential oil,OBEO)细胞的TNF-α,IL-1β、IL-6的分泌量。结果显示,体积分数为0.025%的OBEO能够抑制两种炎症损伤模型TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6的表达;且OBEO对灭活C.a致THP-1细胞炎症损伤的抑制作用显著,分别降低TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6的表达24%,45%,13%左右。

亳州疏毛罗勒挥发油化学成分及抗氧化与抑菌活性研究

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取疏毛罗勒(Ocimum basilicum L)挥发油,并采用气-质联用方法分析其化学成分,再采用DPPH·清除能力测定法和O^-_2·清除能力测定法测定其抗氧化活性,杯碟法测定其抑菌活性。结果表明,疏毛罗勒挥发油组分共检出27种成分,所鉴定出化学成分的质量占总量的90.10%,其主要化学成分是十六酸乙酸乙酯(44.16%)、乙酸松油酯(17.1%)、(s)-2,5,5,8-四甲基-1,2,3,6-四氢化薁-4-酮(9.92%)、香叶醇(3.05%)等;挥发油成分对DPPH·和O^-_2·有中等程度的清除能力;其对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌3株菌种有一定的抑菌作用,并且浓度越高,抑菌效果越明显。

粤产紫罗勒精油的化学成分研究

水蒸气蒸馏法提取粤产紫罗勒精油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC MS)技术进行化学成分分析,分离鉴定出15种化学成分,其中主要成分有芳樟醇(6.46%)、龙蒿脑(66.81%)、榄香烯(2.31%)和δ 杜松烯醇(9.13%)。

铅对罗勒植株生长及铅吸收累积的影响

利用不同浓度铅处理罗勒(Ocimum basilicum L.),研究铅对罗勒植株生长及铅吸收累积的影响。结果表明,铅处理下,罗勒株高、节数、最大叶长和叶宽、最大叶面积与对照差异均不显著;1 mg/L和5 mg/L下,罗勒地上部鲜重和干重与地下部鲜重和干重均高于对照,10 mg/L下,罗勒地上部鲜重和干重与地下部鲜重和干重均低于对照;地上部可溶性糖含量均显著高于对照,而地下部均显著低于对照;铅处理后,罗勒地上部的全氮、全磷、全钾基本上高于地下部。罗勒对铅的吸收随铅浓度增加而增加,但对铅吸收的增加量则呈降低趋势。

罗勒水提物及其多糖在大鼠体内降血糖和降脂作用的研究

目的:研究罗勒(Ocimumb asilicum L.)地上部分水提取物和罗勒多糖降血糖和降血脂作用。方法:制备罗勒地上部分水提取物和罗勒多糖。以高脂饲料和链脲霉素(STZ)分别制备高血脂和高血糖大鼠模型,实验大鼠分为正常组,模型组,模型+水提取物高、中、低剂量组(0.420、0.210、0.105g/kg),模型+多糖高、中、低剂量组(0.230、0.165、0.083g/kg),模型+丹参(0.54g/kg)组和模型+消渴丸(5.4丸/kg)组,后两组为阳性对照组。采用血糖测试仪和全自动生化分析仪分别测定大鼠血糖和血脂水平[包括血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)],评价罗勒水提物及其多糖降血糖和降脂作用。结果:模型组的血糖和血脂水平均明显高于正常组(P<0.05～0.01),造模成功;与模型组相比,消渴丸组具有明显的降血糖作用(P<0.05),而丹参组降血脂作用无统计学意义(P>0.05);与模型组相比,罗勒水提取物和罗勒多糖的降糖作用无明显差异(P>0.05);罗勒多糖具有较弱的降血脂作用,罗勒水提取物低剂量组(0.105g/kg)、中剂量组(0.210g/kg)具有显著的降血脂作用(P<0.05～0.01)。结论:罗勒水提取物和多糖具有降血糖和降血脂作用,为海南罗勒的开发提供了实验数据。

超微粉碎对罗勒显微特征及总黄酮体外溶出的影响

目的:对罗勒超微粉和常规粉中总黄酮的体外溶出、显微特征及粉体学性质进行考察。方法:采用比色法测定罗勒超微粉和常规粉中总黄酮体外溶出量和溶出速率,用生物显微镜进行显微特征观察,测定粉体休止角和堆密度。结果:罗勒超微粉和常规粉中总黄酮体外溶出量无显著性差异,超微粉体的溶出速率较常规粉体明显增加。罗勒超微粉颗粒均匀,基本无完整细胞存在。与常规粉相比,罗勒超微粉的休止角增大,堆密度减小。结论:超微粉碎不会影响总黄酮的体外溶出量,但可明显提高其溶出速率。植物细胞破壁率明显提高,但流动性和充填性变差,有待于在制剂生产中进行改进。

罗勒化学成分的研究

目的 :为阐明唇形科植物罗勒OcimumbasilicumL 的有效成分 ,对其地上部分进行了化学成分研究。方法 :运用各种层析手段和波谱方法分离并鉴定了 17个化合物。结果 :其结构分别鉴定为槲皮素 (1) ,(17R) 3β 羟基 2 2 ,2 3,2 4 ,2 5 ,2 6 ,2 7 六去甲达玛烷 2 0 酮 (2 ) ,槲皮素 3 O β D 半乳糖苷 (3) ,槲皮素 3 O β D 葡萄糖苷 2′′ 没食子酸酯 (4) ,异杨梅树皮苷 (5 ) ,槲皮素 3 O β D 葡萄糖苷 (6 ) ,山柰酚 3 O β D 葡萄糖苷 (7) ,软脂酸 1 甘油单酯 (8) ,芦丁 (9) ,槲皮素 3 O (2′′ 没食子酰基 ) 芸香苷 (10 ) ,槲皮素 3 O α L 鼠李糖苷 (11) ,丁香苷 (12 ) ,(6S ,9S) 长寿花糖苷 (13) ,山柰酚 (14 ) ,7 羟基 6 甲氧基香豆素 (15 ) ,β 谷甾醇 (16 )和胡萝卜苷 (17)。 结论 :化合物 2为新化合物 ,化合物 1,3,4 ,5 ,7,8,10 ,11,12 ,13,15为首次从罗勒属植物中分离得到 ,经PTP1B酶活性抑制测试 ,化合物 1IC50 值为 2 3 3(M ,其余均没有明显的PTP1B酶活性抑制作用。