Safety and effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in cardiac surgery:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Lack of mobilization and prolonged stay in the intensive care unit(ICU)are major factors resulting in the development of ICU-acquired muscle weakness(ICUAW).ICUAW is a type of skeletal muscle dysfunction and a common complication of patients after cardiac surgery,and may be a risk factor for prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation,associated with a higher risk of readmission and higher mortality.Early mobilization in the ICU after cardiac surgery has been found to be low with a significant trend to increase over ICU stay and is also associated with a reduced duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay.Neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES)is an alternative modality of exercise in patients with muscle weakness.A major advantage of NMES is that it can be applied even in sedated patients in the ICU,a fact that might enhance early mobilization in these patients.AIM To evaluate safety,feasibility and effectiveness of NMES on functional capacity and muscle strength in patients before and after cardiac surgery.METHODS We performed a search on Pubmed,Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro),Embase and CINAHL databases,selecting papers published between December 2012 and April 2023 and identified published randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that included implementation of NMES in patients before after cardiac surgery.RCTs were assessed for methodological rigor and risk of bias via the PEDro.The primary outcomes were safety and functional capacity and the secondary outcomes were muscle strength and function.RESULTS Ten studies were included in our systematic review,resulting in 703 participants.Almost half of them performed NMES and the other half were included in the control group,treated with usual care.Nine studies investigated patients after cardiac surgery and 1 study before cardiac surgery.Functional capacity was assessed in 8 studies via 6MWT or other indices,and improved only in 1 study before and in 1 after cardiac surgery.Nine studies explored the effects of NMES on muscle strength and function and,most of them,found increase of muscle strength and improvement in muscle function after NMES.NMES was safe in all studies without any significant complication.CONCLUSION NMES is safe,feasible and has beneficial effects on muscle strength and function in patients after cardiac surgery,but has no significant effect on functional capacity.

Exploring the Role of Serum Cystatin C in Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury among On-Pump Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Single-Center Investigation in Bangladesh

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) stands as a prominent postoperative complication in on-pump cardiac surgery, with repercussions on morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization duration. Current diagnostic criteria relying on serum creatinine levels exhibit a delayed identification of AKI, prompting an exploration of alternative biomarkers. Aims and Objectives: This study is designed to overcome diagnostic constraints and explore the viability of serum Cystatin C as an early predictor of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in individuals undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery. The investigation aims to establish the relationship between serum Cystatin C levels and the onset of AKI in patients subjected to on-pump cardiac surgery. Primary objectives involve the assessment of the diagnostic effectiveness of serum Cystatin C, its comparison with serum creatinine, and the exploration of its potential for the early identification and treatment of AKI. Methodology: Conducted as a single-center study at the cardiac surgery department of BSMMU in Bangladesh from September 2020 to August 2022, a comparative cross-sectional analysis involved 31 participants categorized into No AKI and AKI groups based on Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Data collection encompassed preoperative, post-CBP (cardiopulmonary bypass) conclusion at 2 hours, postoperative day 1, and postoperative day 2 intervals. Statistical analyses included Chi-squared tests, independent Student’s t-tests, and one-sample t-tests. Significance was set at P Results: The study revealed no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the No AKI and AKI groups, except for CPB time and cross-clamp time. Serum Cystatin C levels in the AKI group exhibited statistical significance at various time points, highlighting its potential as an early detector. Conversely, Serum Creatinine levels in the AKI group showed no statistical significance. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis further supported the efficacy of serum Cystatin C, with an Area under the ROC Curve of 0.864 and a cut-off value of 0.55 (p Conclusion: This study supports the superior utility of serum Cystatin C as an early detector of AKI in on-pump cardiac surgery patients compared to serum creatinine. Its ability to identify AKI several hours earlier may contribute to reduced morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The findings underscore the significance of exploring novel biomarkers for improved post-cardiac surgery renal function assessment.

Results of the First 10 Cases of Coronary Bypass Surgery in Senegal

This is a review of the first 10 coronary artery bypass surgeries performed by the local team. The mean age was 62 years old [45 - 74]. The patients were predominantly male, with a M/F ratio of 4:1. Cardiovascular risk factors were mainly myocardial infarction (MI) (60%), hypertension (50%), obesity (40%) and diabetes (30%), with at least two risk factors per patient. Angina was the main symptom (80%). The average time from presentation to surgery was 8 months. The mean Euroscore 2 was 2.92 ± 1.65 [1.33 - 6.60]. Coronary angiography revealed an average of 2 lesions per patient, with 3-vessel involvement in 70% of cases: the Interventricular artery (IVA) (100%), the right coronary artery (90%) and the circumflex artery (70%). On echocardiography, the mean Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 59% [33% - 76%]. All patients underwent median sternotomy with bypass grafting. The average duration of the cardiopulmonary bypass was 150 min [46 - 275 min];that of aortic clamping, 120 min [43 - 232 min]. The grafts used were internal thoracic artery (ITA) in 100% of cases (80% on the left and 20% on the right), and the great saphenous vein (GSV) in 60% of cases (50% on the left and 10 on the right). Double bypass was performed in 60% of cases, single bypass in 30% and triple bypass in 10%. The bypasses were performed on the IVA (100%), the middle lateral of the circumflex (30%) and the bisector (20%). The average time to extubation was 11 hours and the length of stay in the intensive care unit was 7 days [03 - 17 days]. One patient had a reoperation on Day 0 post-op. The average hospital stay was 13 days [06 - 27 days]. Complications occurred in nine of the patients (90%), with a predominance of infectious and neurological complications. Overall operative mortality was 3%, all in intensive care.

Nutritional supplement drink reduces inflammation and postoperative depression in patients after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery

BACKGROUND Coronary artery bypass grafting is a surgical treatment for ischemic heart disease.Although development in surgical technique and improvement of perioperative management reduced the postoperative complications,some patients still delayed in progress of postoperative rehabilitation.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effect of daily intake of an herbal medicine-containing drink for rehabilitation after surgery in patients with ischemic heart disease.AIM To investigate the effect of taking an herbal medicine-containing,commercially available drink for postoperative rehabilitation in those patients.METHODS Patients who underwent isolated off-pump coronary artery bypass(OPCAB)surgery were divided into two groups depend on the timing of the admission to the hospital:the Yunker(YKR)group,that consumed one bottle of a caffeine-free nutritional supplement drink on a daily basis and the control group(CTL)that underwent regular rehabilitation.RESULTS A total of 229 patients(CTL=130,YKR=99)were enrolled.No significant differences were observed in the baseline characteristics between the two groups.The YKR group had a significantly increased number of daily steps postoperatively(P<0.05)and had significantly lower postoperative serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels(P<0.01),while no significant differences were observed in the levels of other inflammatory or stress-related cytokines(interleukin-6,adiponectin,superoxide dismutase,and urine 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine)between the two groups.Also,the YKR group showed a significant improvement in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score(P<0.05).Moreover,there were no differences in postoperative complications and the duration of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups.CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the daily intake of an herbal medicine-containing drink after OPCAB surgery may have beneficial effects on cardiac rehabilitation by reducing inflammation markers and depression.

The prediction of early mortality in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery:SinoSCORE versus EuroSCORE

Objective To compare the validation of the Sino System for Coronary Operative Risk Evaluation (SinoSCORE) with the European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroSCORE) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery in China. Methods Data of patients who underwent OPCAB between 2004 and 2005 in

Remimazolam benzenesulfonate anesthesia effectiveness in cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia

BACKGROUND Sedation with propofol injections is associated with a risk of addiction,but remimazolam benzenesulfonate is a comparable anesthetic with a short elimination half-life and independence from cell P450 enzyme metabolism.Compared to remimazolam,remimazolam benzenesulfonate has a faster effect,is more quickly metabolized,produces inactive metabolites and has weak drug interactions.Thus,remimazolam benzenesulfonate has good effectiveness and safety for diagnostic and operational sedation.AIM To investigate the clinical value of remimazolam benzenesulfonate in cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia.METHODS A total of 80 patients who underwent surgery in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery from August 2020 to April 2021 were included in the study.Using a random number table,patients were divided into two anesthesia induction groups of 40 patients each:remimazolam(0.3 mg/kg remimazolam benzenesulfonate)and propofol(1.5 mg/kg propofol).Hemodynamic parameters,inflammatory stress response indices,respiratory function indices,perioperative indices and adverse reactions in the two groups were monitored over time for comparison.RESULTS At pre-anesthesia induction,the remimazolam and propofol groups did not differ regarding heart rate,mean arterial pressure,cardiac index or volume per wave index.After endotracheal intubation and when the sternum was cut off,mean arterial pressure and volume per wave index were significantly higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(P<0.05).After endotracheal intubation,the oxygenation index and the respiratory index did not differ between the groups.After endotracheal intubation and when the sternum was cut off,the oxygenation index values were significantly higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(P<0.05).Serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-αlevels 12 h after surgery were significantly higher than before surgery in both groups(P<0.05).The observation indices were re-examined 2 h after surgery,and the epinephrine,cortisol and blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(P<0.05).The recovery and extubation times were significantly lower in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(P<0.05);there were significantly fewer adverse reactions in the remimazolam group(10.00%)than in the propofol group(30.00%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with propofol,remimazolam benzenesulfonate benefited cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia by reducing hemodynamic fluctuations.Remimazolam benzenesulfonate influenced the surgical stress response and respiratory function,thereby reducing anesthesia-related adverse reactions.

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: Misperceptions and misconceptions

Coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) continues to be one of the most commonly performed cardiac surgical procedures worldwide. Conventional CABG performed on cardiopulmonary bypass termed on-pump CABG is regarded as the gold standard. However, on-pump CABG results in several physiologic derangements including but not limited to thrombocytopenia, activation of complement factors, immune suppression, and inflammatory responses leading to organ dysfunction.Furthermore, manipulating an atherosclerotic ascending aorta during cannulation and cross-clamping can predispose to embolization and stroke risk. Recognition of these detrimental effects of on-pump CABG resulted in resurgence of off-pump CABG nearly two decades ago.Off-pump CABG since its resurgence has been a subject of intensive scrutiny and speculation. Despite numerous retrospective nonrandomized studies, prospective randomized trials, and meta-analyses validating the safety and efficacy of off-pump CABG, opponents of the technique have persistently demanded abandonment of off-pump CABG. Several misconceptions and misperceptions are used as an excuse for such demands. This review article examines published scientific evidence to evaluate these misperceptions and misconceptions about off-pump CABG.

Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation after Off-pump versus On-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting:A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials and Propensity Score Matching Trials

The association between atrial fibrillation（AF） after coronary artery bypass grafting（CABG） and the surgical techniques selected has been extensively reported. However, no consistent results were obtained. In the present study, a meta-analysis was conducted by searching the electronic databases Pub Med, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane to identify the association of post-CABG AF with on-pump（conventional CABG, c CABG） or off-pump CABG（OPCABG）. Outcomes from randomized clinical trials（RCTs） and propensity score matching（PSM） trials were pooled by using the fixed-effect or the random-effect modeling method, and verified by the quality-effect modeling method. There were 35 studies with 36 independent reports that met the inclusion criteria and were eventually included in our meta-analysis. The total odds ratio（OR） of the incidence of post-CABG AF between OPCABG and c CABG was 0.80（95% CI 0.71–0.91）. The 25 randomized clinical trials（RCTs） had an OR of 0.69（95% CI 0.56–0.86）, while the OR of the 11 PSM trials was 0.88（95% CI 0.77–1.00）. Twenty-six studies involving the patients at a mean age no more than 65 years showed an OR of 0.76（95% CI 0.64–0.90）, whereas 10 studies with patients greater than 65 years old showed an OR of 0.90（95% CI 0.78–1.05）. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that OPCAB surgery may reduce the incidence of post-CABG AF when compared to c CABG and that younger patients may benefit more from OPCAB and have a lower incidence of post-CABG AF.

Role of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass —A Vettath Modification

Objective: Hemodynamic deterioration during positioning of the heart has been the most critical complication of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Pre-operative use of intra-aortic balloon pump has been shown to prevent this complication in high risk patients. The role of balloon pump in high risk patients has been questioned by our group. We modified the role of balloon pump in our patients, thus avoiding the conversion to cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: 4063 off-pump coronary bypass surgeries were performed by a single surgeon in our center, over thirteen years. 130 intra-aortic balloons used between July 2002 and December 2015 were removed from the the-ater, once the distal anastomosis was performed. We studied this group of patients for—time and need for insertion, duration of balloon used, local insertion problems and survival. Results: Initially, we inserted intra-aortic balloons in high risk patients. We observed that, patients with low ejection fraction and patients with critical left main coronary artery disease were not the ones who actually needed balloon pump support. It was the patients who had ongoing ischemia, with preserved left ventricular function, and ST depression intra-operatively, who needed balloon pump support to perform complete anatomical revascularization. Conclusions: Intra-aortic balloon pump has helped us to position the heart without hemodynamic instability, thereby avoiding conversion to cardio-pulmonary bypass. This enabled us to perform off-pump surgery in virtually all areas of the heart, thus maintaining perfect hemodynamics.

Cardiac Immobilization in Beating Heart Surgery Using Pericardial Bands

A novel technique of stabilization of the coronary targets with autogenous pericardial bands is described in off pump coronary revascularizations. Pericardial bands are placed across the coronary targets and snared to the pericardial well for local cardiac immobilization. This technique can be used as an alternate to mechanical stabilizers for immobilization of the coronary targets.

Redo Cardiac Surgery: Bleeding Control

Redo cardiac surgery increases?mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine if aprotinin was superior to tranexamic acid concerning control bleeding loss after redo valve surgery. A retrospective study was conducted from January 1994 until December 2014. 221 patients underwent redo cardiac valve surgery and separated into two groups: aprotinin group (n?=?85) and tranexamic acid group (n?=?136). Univariate tests were applied for data analysis. A total of 221 patients were enrolled in this study. This cohort was separated into two groups: aprotinin group (n?=?85) and tranexamic acid group (n?=?136). Euroscore in tranexamic acid group was higher: 5.96 ± 3.04 vs.?5.17 ± 2.83 in aprotinin group?(p?=?0.055). There was no statistical difference in postoperative mortality between the two groups (p?= 0.153). No statistical differences were reported concerning: total blood loss (p?= 0.51), red blood cells transfusion (p?= 0.215), reexploration for bleeding (p?= 0.537) and postoperative renal failure (p?= 0.79). There were statistical differences concerning mechanical ventilation time, which is longer in tranexamic acid group (p?= 0.008) and the use of inotropic drug support, which is more frequent in the tranexamic acid group (p?= 0.001). Our results demonstrated that tranexamic acid and aprotinin reduce transfusion requirement and blood loss. Due to financial reason, we chose tranexamic acid in preventing blood loss in redo valve surgery.

Cardiac Surgery during Pregnancy—Our Experience

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) continues to be endemic in developing countries like India, thus a number of female patient present with valvular heart disease complicating pregnancy. Surgery is lifesaving in patients who are symptomatic on medical management. Objective: To study maternal and fetal outcome in patient’s refractory to medical treatment undergoing cardiac surgery during pregnancy. Methodology: Analysis of 8 pregnant patients who underwent cardiac surgery during 5 years from Jan 2012 to Dec 2016 in a Medical college setup in Central India. Results: Maternal age ranged between 20 - 35 mean of 23.75, NYHA class IV, refractory to medical treatment. The underlying cardiac lesion was rheumatic heart disease 7 (87.5%) cases, 6 (85.7%) had mitral valve lesion. 7 primigravida (87.5%) patients were taken as elective procedure in second trimester (18 - 26 weeks), one multipara patient as emergency after failed Balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV) in third trimester of pregnancy (32 weeks) was the only maternal death. 5 (62.5%) patients progressed to term pregnancy and delivered vaginally. The cardiopulmonary bypass variables studied were Median bypass time 51.25 minutes (range 37 - 78), median cross-clamp time 25.62 minutes (range 16 - 48), Median flow rate 2.4 l/min/m2 (range 2.2 - 2.6) mean perfusion pressure during CPB 65 - 89 (range 55 - 120) and median perfusate temperature 37&deg;C (range 32 - 38). 2 (29%) patients had a long term follow-up and have delivered at term in their next pregnancies at the institute. Conclusion: Cardiac Surgery can be performed during pregnancy in patients’ refractory to medical management. The outcome is better with mother than fetus. Multidisciplinary team approach is the strategy for care.

Cardio-Protective Effects of Oral Nicorandil in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Valve Surgery

Background: Reduction of myocardial reperfusion injury during cardiopulmonary bypass is an essential requirement for increasing the success rate, decreasing morbidity and mortality of open-heart surgery. Aim: To study the role of pre-operative oral nicorandil in decreasing reperfusion cardiac injury in patients subjected to cardiac valve surgery. Patients and Methods: The study included 62 patients, who were equally randomized into two groups: nicorandil group and control group. Pre-operative, intra-operative and post- operative data were reported and analyzed. Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction (LVEF) was estimated pre-operatively and postoperatively for both groups. Troponin I, creatine kinase-muscle/brain (CK-MB), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured before surgery by 24 hours then 4, 12 and 48 hours after aortic cross clamp removal. Results: Nicorandil considerably decreased TNF-α and IL-6 after 4 and 12 hours following the removal of aortic clamping. It also reduced troponin-I and CKMB at the same time points. However, there were no important changes in IL-6, TNF-α, troponin-I and CK-MB levels in control group in comparison to nicorandil group in the next 48 hours following the removal of aortic clamping. Conclusions: Pre-operative oral nicorandil expressively decreased myocardial reperfusion damage during open heart valve operations, this evidenced by the decrease in the postoperative use of inotropic drugs, considerable reduction of postoperative elevation of cardiac enzymes and inflammatory cytokines with no reported complications.

Time Course of Elevations in Plasma Olprinone Concentration during Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

Purpose: Little research has been reported to date on the usefulness of olprinone in pediatric cardiac surgery, and no standard pediatric infusion protocol is currently established. Our study sought to confirm that the regimen described herein rapidly achieves the requisite plasma olprinone concentrations. Methods: For the purposes of our study, we enrolled 13 patients: 7 biventricular repair candidates and 6 Fontan-type operation candidates. We administered a continuous infusion of olprinone to our study subjects at 0.3 μg/kg/min with no loading dose starting approximately 30 minutes (min) before weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We performed blood sampling at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after the start of infusion and at the same elapsed intervals after separation from CPB. We measured plasma olprinone concentrations using ultra-fast liquid chromatography. Results: We observed effective plasma olpri-none concentrations (>20 ng/ml) at 30 min after weaning from CPB, or at 60 min after the start of infusion. Conclusion: We conclude that continuous olprinone infusion at 0.3 μg/kg/min without a loading dose initiated immediately after the release of aortic cross-clamping or immediately after the completion of all surgical procedures quickly and reliably achieves effective plasma concentrations.

Effect of preoperative renin-angiotensin system blockade on vasoplegia after cardiac surgery:A systematic review with metaanalysis

BACKGROUND Vasoplegia is a common complication of cardiac surgery but its causal relationship with preoperative use of renin angiotensin system(RAS)blockers[angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEIs)and angiotensin receptor blockers(ARB)]is still debated.AIM To update and summarize data on the effect of preoperative use of RAS blockers on incident vasoplegia.METHODS All published studies from MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Web of Science providing relevant data through January 13,2021 were identified.A random-effects metaanalysis method was used to pool estimates,and post-cardiac surgery shock was differentiated from vasoplegia.RESULTS Ten studies reporting on a pooled population of 15672 patients(none looking at ARBs exclusively)were included in the meta-analysis.All were case-control studies.Use of ACEIs was associated with an increased risk of vasoplegia[pooled adjusted odds ratio(Aor)of 2.06,95%CI:1.45-2.93]and increased inotropic/vasopressor support requirement(pooled aOR 1.19,95%CI:1.10-1.29).Post-cardiac surgery shock was increased in the presence of left ventricular dysfunction(pooled aOR 2.32,95%CI:1.60-3.36;I249%)but not increased by the use of beta blockers(pooled aOR 0.78,95%CI:0.36-1.69;I277%).Two randomized control trials(RCTs),not eligible for the meta-analysis,did not show an association between continuation of RAS blockers and vasoplegia.CONCLUSION Preoperative continuation of ACEIs is associated with an increased need for inotropic support postoperatively and with an increased risk of vasoplegia in observational studies but not in RCTs.The absence of a consensus definition of vasoplegia should lead to the use of perioperative cardiovascular monitoring when designing RCTs to better understand this discrepancy.

Patient Frailty Can Increase the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery: Pilot Study

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe common postoperative complication of cardiac surgery (CS). It increases the risk of mortality by up to 80%. Therefore, it is essential to have preoperative risk evaluation tools. Frailty is a marker of deterioration of physiologic systems and may be associated with AKI. Purpose: The study aimed to determine the utility of frailty as a predictor of AKI after CS. Method: We enrolled 91 patients undergoing CS with cardiopulmonary bypass to determine if they had frailty before surgery and were associated with postoperative AKI. The diagnosis of postoperative AKI was based on the serum creatinine criteria of the Acute Kidney Injury Network classification up to 7 days following CS. Results: The incidence of postoperative AKI was 62% in the frail group and 21% in the non-frail group. Frailty was associated with a higher risk of AKI (relative risk [RR] = 3.00, 95% CI 1.56 - 5.77, p = 0.00). In regression models, there were associations between frailty and postoperative AKI. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that frailty could be a predictor for post-CS AKI. Therefore, frailty assessment should become an essential part of the preoperative evaluation to help the anesthesiologist to estimate the surgical risk and develop preoperative and transoperative strategies to preserve the renal function and improve the cardiac surgery outcome.

体外循环心脏外科手术病人气管插管拔除后早期饮水的临床实践研究

目的:评价早期经口饮水在体外循环心脏外科手术后气管插管拔除病人中的安全性及可行性。方法:采用便利抽样法,选取山东省青岛市某三级甲等医院心血管外科重症监护室于2022年3月1日—5月31日行体外循环下心脏外科手术的病人123例作为对照组(常规拔管后4 h经口饮水),选取于2022年6月1日—9月30日行体外循环下心脏外科手术的病人120例作为观察组(实施拔除气管插管后早期经口饮水干预方案)。记录两组病人口渴程度、口腔黏膜湿润程度,呛咳、恶心呕吐、误吸、吸入性肺炎发生率以及病人对护理工作的满意度,同时记录两组的平均饮水时间。结果:观察组病人的口渴程度得分和口唇黏膜湿润度评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组病人饮水呛咳、恶心呕吐、误吸、吸入性肺炎发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组病人对护理工作满意度评分为(93.01±6.17)分,明显高于对照组(90.29±7.32)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组平均饮水时间为(18.75±14.92)min,明显短于对照组(245.06±17.56)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经过安全评估,体外循环心脏手术后气管插管拔除病人立即评估并早期经口饮水有利于缓解术后口渴程度,增加口腔黏膜湿润程度,减轻口咽部不适感,改善病人舒适度,提高病人对护理工作满意度,且未增加相关临床并发症的发生率,临床实践安全可行。

新型冠状病毒感染后择期心脏外科手术时机的选择:单中心回顾性队列研究

目的 评估近期新冠病毒感染后择期体外循环下心脏外科手术的安全性,并探讨手术的最佳时机。方法 采用回顾性队列研究设计,纳入了2023年2月7日至3月9日接受择期体外循环下心脏外科手术的近期有新冠病毒感染成年患者。根据感染至手术的间隔时间,将患者分为术前新冠病毒感染≤8周和> 8周两组,比较临床资料和术后结局。采用多元线性回归和亚组分析确定与患者结局相关的因素。结果 共纳入415例患者,其中79例(19.0%)术前新冠病毒感染≤8周。≤8周组的患者表现出较长的机械通气时间[7(5,11)h vs.6(5,8)h,P=0.02]、术后胸腔引流总量增加[961(680,1405)ml vs.800(533,1 102)ml,P=0.003]、重症监护室住院时间[48(24,72)h vs.24(24,48)h,P=0.012]和住院时间[13(10,15)d vs.11(9,14)d,P=0.041]延长。对于60岁及以上患者的重症监护室住院时间和住院时长的影响更大。结论 大多数患者可以在新冠病毒感染后安全地进行择期体外循环下心脏手术。8周内新冠病毒感染可能与患者延长的ICU时间和住院时间相关联。

超声引导技术在小切口微创心脏手术建立外周体外循环中的应用价值

目的探讨超声引导技术在小切口微创心脏手术经右颈内静脉穿刺置管及股动静脉解剖置管建立外周体外循环中的应用价值。方法分析2021年8月至2022年12月西安交通大学第一附属医院收治的436例进行小切口微创心脏手术患者的临床资料,根据置管过程中是否使用超声引导技术将研究对象分为对照组(给予传统方式置管,102例)和观察组(给予超声引导技术辅助下置管,334例)。比较分析两组患者经右颈内静脉穿刺置管的情况以及相关并发症发生率。比较分析两组患者股动静脉解剖置管的情况以及相关并发症发生率。结果观察组患者经右颈内静脉穿刺置管的穿刺置管成功率高于对照组,置管时间、穿刺困难发生率、误入颈内动脉发生率均短于或低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者股动静脉解剖置管的置管时间、解剖困难发生率、导管位置异常发生率均短于或低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声引导技术应用于小切口微创心脏手术经右颈内静脉穿刺置管及股动静脉解剖置管建立外周体外循环中,能提高穿刺置管成功率,缩短置管时间,减少导管位置异常、误入颈内动脉等并发症的发生。

Preoperative Serum Albumin Levels and Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Single-Center Study in Bangladesh

Background: Serum albumin, a vital plasma protein, helps maintain intravascular colloidal osmotic pressure, cardiac output, and renal function. Low preoperative serum albumin is linked to poor outcomes, including acute kidney injury (AKI), after off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery. This study aimed to assess the relationship between preoperative serum albumin levels and early postoperative renal injury. Methods: This prospective comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2019 to February 2021 at the National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Bangladesh. It included 160 adult patients with normal preoperative renal function undergoing OPCAB. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (serum albumin ≥ 4.0 gm/dl) and Group B (serum albumin Results: Preoperative serum albumin was significantly different between groups (Group A: 4.21 ± 0.05 gm/dl, Group B: 3.69 ± 0.04 gm/dl, p = 0.028). Group B had a higher incidence of hypertension (71.25% vs. 51.25%, p st and 3rd postoperative days were higher in Group B (p th day. Postoperative AKI occurred in 18.75% of Group A and 36.25% of Group B. Multivariate regression indicated that low preoperative serum albumin is an independent risk factor for postoperative AKI (p = 0.012, OR = 1.815, CI: 0.675 - 1.162). Conclusion: Preoperative serum albumin level is a valuable predictor of postoperative renal function. Ensuring high normal serum albumin levels before surgery can help minimize the risk of postoperative AKI.