High temperature is one of the major abiotic stresses that limit edible mushroom growth and development. The understanding of physiological alterations in response to heat stress and the corresponding mechanisms invol...High temperature is one of the major abiotic stresses that limit edible mushroom growth and development. The understanding of physiological alterations in response to heat stress and the corresponding mechanisms involved is vital for the breeding of heat-resistant edible mushroom strains. Although trehalose functions as a protectant against abiotic stresses in fungi, the putative role of trehalose in thermotolerance remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found heat stress inhibited the growth of two Pleurotus pulmonarius strains, heat-sensitive and less-sensitive, and the inhibition was more significant for the sensitive strain. Heat stress leads to the increase of lipid peroxidation and intracellular trehalose accumulation, with a higher level in the heat-sensitive strain, and this effect is independent of exogenous trehalose application. In addition, a lower concentration of exogenous trehalose application in sensitive strain than in less-sensitive strain was found to alleviate the inhibition of mycelium growth and further increase the intracellular trehalose concentration by heat stress. Thus, the protective effects of trehalose were more remarkable in the sensitive strain. The activities of intracellular trehalose metabolic enzymes, i.e., trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, trehalose phosphorylase and neutral trehalase, were determined, and our data indicated that the changes of these enzymes activities in the sensitive strain were more beneficial to accumulate trehalose than that in the less-sensitive strain.展开更多
The wood-decay fungi are able to bioconvert a wide variety of lignocellulosic residues due to the secretion of extracellular enzymes. The use of agricultural wastes as substrate for mushroom cultivation or enzymes pro...The wood-decay fungi are able to bioconvert a wide variety of lignocellulosic residues due to the secretion of extracellular enzymes. The use of agricultural wastes as substrate for mushroom cultivation or enzymes production can help to solve environmental problems caused by inadequate discharge in the nature. The production of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes by Pleurotus pulmonarius developed in solid state system using orange waste as substrate was evaluated in this work. Among the hydrolytic enzymes, pectinase was the main enzyme produced by the fungus, presenting the highest enzymatic activity of 9.4 U/mL after 35 days of cultivation. Considering the oxidative enzymes, laccase was the main enzyme produced with maximal activity of 12.2 U/mL obtained after 20 days of cultivation. Low enzyme levels of manganese peroxidase, β-glucosidase and β-xy-losidase were detected with activity peaks at the end of the cultivation. The enzymatic levels of amylase, carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase were similar and less than 1.5 U/mL. No aryl-alcohol oxidase activity was detected. NDF, ADF and cellulose values increased during 45 days of cultivation. There was no lignin degradation during the study period and the fungus culture in orange solid waste caused protein enrichment in the substrate. Our results demonstrate that P. pulmonarius was an efficient producer of two important industrial enzymes, pectinase and laccase in a cheap solid state system using orange waste as substrate.展开更多
桉树因其优异的特性在我国拥有广大的种植面积,在其栽培和生产加工过程会产生大量的桉树皮和桉木屑等副产物,其剩余物资源较丰富。目前已有利用桉木屑栽培食用菌的报道,为了解桉树皮和桉木屑与杂木屑栽培的肺形侧耳(Pleurotus pulmonari...桉树因其优异的特性在我国拥有广大的种植面积,在其栽培和生产加工过程会产生大量的桉树皮和桉木屑等副产物,其剩余物资源较丰富。目前已有利用桉木屑栽培食用菌的报道,为了解桉树皮和桉木屑与杂木屑栽培的肺形侧耳(Pleurotus pulmonarius)代谢物的差异,该研究采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry,UHPLC-MS/MS)技术,结合正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析法(Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis,OPLS-DA)对不同栽培基质条件下肺形侧耳子实体的代谢物进行了非靶向代谢组学研究。以变量权重值(Value Importance in Projection,VIP)>1结合T检验P<0.05为标准进行筛选。结果表明:(1)处理组B(桉木屑)与对照组A(杂木屑)之间有45种差异代谢产物和8种差异代谢物通路,处理组C(桉树皮)与对照组A之间有53种差异代谢产物和15种差异代谢物通路,处理组B与处理组C之间有39种差异代谢产物和5种差异代谢物通路。(2)根据KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)代谢通路富集分析处理组C和对照组A得到4条显著的代谢通路,分别为精氨酸生物合成、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、泛酸和辅酶A生物合成和丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢,处理组B和处理组C得到1条显著的代谢通路为组氨酸代谢,而处理组B和对照组A中无显著性代谢通路(P>0.05)。综上表明,利用桉树皮和桉木屑作为肺形侧耳的主要栽培基质(尤其是桉木屑),可以降本增效和实现资源再利用。该研究结果为桉树加工副产物应用于食用菌栽培提供了参考。展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB138303)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS20)
文摘High temperature is one of the major abiotic stresses that limit edible mushroom growth and development. The understanding of physiological alterations in response to heat stress and the corresponding mechanisms involved is vital for the breeding of heat-resistant edible mushroom strains. Although trehalose functions as a protectant against abiotic stresses in fungi, the putative role of trehalose in thermotolerance remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found heat stress inhibited the growth of two Pleurotus pulmonarius strains, heat-sensitive and less-sensitive, and the inhibition was more significant for the sensitive strain. Heat stress leads to the increase of lipid peroxidation and intracellular trehalose accumulation, with a higher level in the heat-sensitive strain, and this effect is independent of exogenous trehalose application. In addition, a lower concentration of exogenous trehalose application in sensitive strain than in less-sensitive strain was found to alleviate the inhibition of mycelium growth and further increase the intracellular trehalose concentration by heat stress. Thus, the protective effects of trehalose were more remarkable in the sensitive strain. The activities of intracellular trehalose metabolic enzymes, i.e., trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, trehalose phosphorylase and neutral trehalase, were determined, and our data indicated that the changes of these enzymes activities in the sensitive strain were more beneficial to accumulate trehalose than that in the less-sensitive strain.
文摘The wood-decay fungi are able to bioconvert a wide variety of lignocellulosic residues due to the secretion of extracellular enzymes. The use of agricultural wastes as substrate for mushroom cultivation or enzymes production can help to solve environmental problems caused by inadequate discharge in the nature. The production of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes by Pleurotus pulmonarius developed in solid state system using orange waste as substrate was evaluated in this work. Among the hydrolytic enzymes, pectinase was the main enzyme produced by the fungus, presenting the highest enzymatic activity of 9.4 U/mL after 35 days of cultivation. Considering the oxidative enzymes, laccase was the main enzyme produced with maximal activity of 12.2 U/mL obtained after 20 days of cultivation. Low enzyme levels of manganese peroxidase, β-glucosidase and β-xy-losidase were detected with activity peaks at the end of the cultivation. The enzymatic levels of amylase, carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase were similar and less than 1.5 U/mL. No aryl-alcohol oxidase activity was detected. NDF, ADF and cellulose values increased during 45 days of cultivation. There was no lignin degradation during the study period and the fungus culture in orange solid waste caused protein enrichment in the substrate. Our results demonstrate that P. pulmonarius was an efficient producer of two important industrial enzymes, pectinase and laccase in a cheap solid state system using orange waste as substrate.
文摘桉树因其优异的特性在我国拥有广大的种植面积,在其栽培和生产加工过程会产生大量的桉树皮和桉木屑等副产物,其剩余物资源较丰富。目前已有利用桉木屑栽培食用菌的报道,为了解桉树皮和桉木屑与杂木屑栽培的肺形侧耳(Pleurotus pulmonarius)代谢物的差异,该研究采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry,UHPLC-MS/MS)技术,结合正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析法(Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis,OPLS-DA)对不同栽培基质条件下肺形侧耳子实体的代谢物进行了非靶向代谢组学研究。以变量权重值(Value Importance in Projection,VIP)>1结合T检验P<0.05为标准进行筛选。结果表明:(1)处理组B(桉木屑)与对照组A(杂木屑)之间有45种差异代谢产物和8种差异代谢物通路,处理组C(桉树皮)与对照组A之间有53种差异代谢产物和15种差异代谢物通路,处理组B与处理组C之间有39种差异代谢产物和5种差异代谢物通路。(2)根据KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)代谢通路富集分析处理组C和对照组A得到4条显著的代谢通路,分别为精氨酸生物合成、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、泛酸和辅酶A生物合成和丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢,处理组B和处理组C得到1条显著的代谢通路为组氨酸代谢,而处理组B和对照组A中无显著性代谢通路(P>0.05)。综上表明,利用桉树皮和桉木屑作为肺形侧耳的主要栽培基质(尤其是桉木屑),可以降本增效和实现资源再利用。该研究结果为桉树加工副产物应用于食用菌栽培提供了参考。
