Research status and application of artificial intelligence large models in the oil and gas industry

This article elucidates the concept of large model technology,summarizes the research status of large model technology both domestically and internationally,provides an overview of the application status of large models in vertical industries,outlines the challenges and issues confronted in applying large models in the oil and gas sector,and offers prospects for the application of large models in the oil and gas industry.The existing large models can be briefly divided into three categories:large language models,visual large models,and multimodal large models.The application of large models in the oil and gas industry is still in its infancy.Based on open-source large language models,some oil and gas enterprises have released large language model products using methods like fine-tuning and retrieval augmented generation.Scholars have attempted to develop scenario-specific models for oil and gas operations by using visual/multimodal foundation models.A few researchers have constructed pre-trained foundation models for seismic data processing and interpretation,as well as core analysis.The application of large models in the oil and gas industry faces challenges such as current data quantity and quality being difficult to support the training of large models,high research and development costs,and poor algorithm autonomy and control.The application of large models should be guided by the needs of oil and gas business,taking the application of large models as an opportunity to improve data lifecycle management,enhance data governance capabilities,promote the construction of computing power,strengthen the construction of“artificial intelligence+energy”composite teams,and boost the autonomy and control of large model technology.

Review on the challenges and strategies in oil and gas industry's transition towards carbon neutrality in China

In light of carbon-neutral pledge, the oil and gas industry has been facing several critical new challenges in China. The current status and new challenges in terms of market mechanism reform, supply-consumption balance and key technology innovation in China's oil and gas industry are reviewed in the present study, and new strategies and roadmaps are proposed to cope with the challenges. The study found that (i) the oil and gas market faces challenges such as incomplete pricing mechanisms, unclear subject rights, and the lack of recognition and trading of carbon assets. (ii) the trade-off between short-term supply security and long-term low-carbon supply is the most critical issue. (iii) in addition to typical challenges such as immature technology and lack of funding support, the unclear multiple technology coupling development mode also poses problems for the low-carbon transformation of the oil and gas industry. To address these new challenges, comprehensive strategies and roadmaps for China's oil and gas industry towards carbon neutrality are proposed and discussed in the aspects of participating in market transactions, restructuring production and consumption, deploying key technology innovations, and planning enterprise strategies. The present study is expected to provide a blueprint for the future development of China's oil and gas industry towards carbon neutrality.

Opportunities and Challenges of Robotics and Automation in Offshore Oil &Gas Industry

The oil and gas industry will continue to boom in the coming few decades. Obtaining oil and gas from conventional and non-conventional resources will become more and more challenging. This intensifying need will impose very considerable demands on work force, financial and technology capabilities. Since the future supplies of oil and gas are to expand, advanced technology will become increasingly necessary to obtain access to more challenging conventional and non-conventional resources. Therefore oil and gas technologies will be very costly to operate in the coming future due to hostile, hard-to-reach environments. The offshore oil industry will become a complicated myriad of advanced equipment, structures, and work force. Our objectives are to identify potential applications and research directions of robotics and automation in the oil & gas field and explore the obstacles and challenges of robotic and automation applications to this area. This study performs the necessary survey and investigation about the work conditions of robotics and automation equipment in the oil and gas industry, especially offshore oil rigs. The oil & gas industry processes are first investigated. The personals and tasks are then explored. Furthermore, this paper reviews the current robotic automation technology. The challenges and requirements are identified for robotics and automation equipment in the oil and gas industry. The requirements of robotics and automation in the oil & gas industry are presented. Future research opportunities are discussed from a technical perspective.

Environmental Policies and Strategies in Nigeria Oil and Gas Industry: Gains, Challenges and Prospects

The paper reviews environmental policies and strategies in the Nigerian oil and gas industry sector, assessing its efficiency, challenges and prospects. Essentially, the study established that the Environmental Policies and Strategies of Nigeria Oil and Gas Industry have impacted positively on the Nigerian environment over the years, especially in the area of awareness creation for all stake-holders. In terms of challenges, inefficiency of the regulators due to inadequacy of logistics, poor environmental data base, duplication and overlaps of regulators functions are some of the challenges identified. The prospect of environmental policies and strategies in Nigeria is generally considered to be bright, considering the fact that the industry is still evolving. Relevant recommendations were made on how to achieve improvements.

Risk Matrix as a Tool for Risk Analysis in Underwater Operations in the Oil and Gas Industry

The study is a cross-sectional design assessment of the likelihood, frequency and severity of hazards associated with underwater operations in the Niger Delta. Five oil and gas companies were used for this study selected by a purposive method given that they had the highest number of workers involved in underwater operations. A sample size of 418 was computed to which the questionnaires were administered with response rate of 95.93%. Data analyses were carried out to cover descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and Pearsonal correlation coefficients. The 4 by 4 risk assessment matrix for the likelihood and consequences showed that 8 out of 20 underwater hazards were categorized as having very high risk according to their risk ratings. The eight hazards categorized based on their risk IDs were H01, H03, H04, H08, H10, H11, H12, and H15. The 4 by 4 risk matrix for frequency and consequences revealed that two hazards (Piracy & bandit attack/kidnapping (H01) and Other main vessels/heavy object dropping or falling load/collision (H08)) were identified to be of very high risk.

Contract Labor and the Right to Freedom of Association in the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria

Contract labor is one of several terms, which are widely used to describe work arrangements, which do not fall within the traditional definition of employment. Contracting out services and getting employees through contractors have become widespread practice by many employers because it helps them to cut cost since these contractors could often supply these workers more cheaply and efficiently. Labor rights and standards are sometimes seen as sacrificial lambs on the altar of competitive edge by companies due to the perception that they constitute ＂costs＂ which if eliminated or reduced to the barest minimum, will impact positively on the ability of companies to compete favorably in the global market and consequent improvement of their balance sheets, to the joy of shareholders. Contract work is increasingly becoming the norm in Nigeria＇s oil and gas industry as companies undergo restructuring, concentration on core activities and modifications in work organization and technology. These factors certainly affect traditional employment relations and the exercise of freedom of association and collective bargaining rights inherent in them. Contract workers now make up about 60% of the workforce in the industry and they are denied the right to organize into Unions. The denial of this right has resulted in exploitation of these workers. This paper seeks to examine the adequacy of labor law governing trade unionism in Nigeria in ensuring the right of contract workers to freedom of association, as well as its conformity to international labor standards. It is argued that Nigerian labor laws need to be enforced to ensure that this category of workers benefits from this right. In addition a proposal is made for a law reform which will define contract labor and provide a legal framework for the regulation and protection of contract workers in Nigeria in order to guarantee their right to unionize and enable them to improve their rights at work.

Analysis of Supply Chain Sustainability Drivers in the Oil and Gas Industry under Covid-19 Pandemic

The supply chain of many industries,including Oil and Gas,was significantly affected by the disruption caused by the Covid pandemic.This,in turn,had a knock-on effect on other industries around the globe.Sustaining the impact of the disruption posed a major challenge for the industry.This study contributes to the existing literature by identifying and analyzing the most significant drivers that affected the sustainability of the Oil and Gas supply chain during the Covid pandemic.Fifteen drivers were identified based on an extensive literature review and a survey conducted with experts working in the Oil and Gas industry.Multi-criteria decision-making methodologies were used to analyze these drivers.The analysis from the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process found that the most important drivers for the sustainability of the Oil and gas supply chain during the pandemic were"Risk management capacity","Government regulation"and"Health and safety of employees".On the other hand,the driver"Community Pressure"was found to be of the least importance.Furthermore,the study integrated the results of the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process with the fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution to calculate the supply chain sustainability index.A case example was demonstrated to rank the industries based on such calculations.This study can support the governmental institutions in benchmarking the Oil and Gas industry based on its sustainability index.Additionally,the outcomes of the study will help industrial decision makers prioritize the drivers the company should focus and devise strategies based on the priority to improve the sustainability of their supply chain during severe disruption.This will be crucial as the World health organization has cautioned that the world may encounter another pandemic in the near future.

Fuzzy logic applied to value of information assessment in oil and gas projects

The concept of value of information(VOI)has been widely used in the oil industry when making decisions on the acquisition of new data sets for the development and operation of oil fields.The classical approach to VOI assumes that the outcome of the data acquisition process produces crisp values,which are uniquely mapped onto one of the deterministic reservoir models representing the subsurface variability.However,subsurface reservoir data are not always crisp;it can also be fuzzy and may correspond to various reservoir models to different degrees.The classical approach to VOI may not,therefore,lead to the best decision with regard to the need to acquire new data.Fuzzy logic,introduced in the 1960 s as an alternative to the classical logic,is able to manage the uncertainty associated with the fuzziness of the data.In this paper,both classical and fuzzy theoretical formulations for VOI are developed and contrasted using inherently vague data.A case study,which is consistent with the future development of an oil reservoir,is used to compare the application of both approaches to the estimation of VOI.The results of the VOI process show that when the fuzzy nature of the data is included in the assessment,the value of the data decreases.In this case study,the results of the assessment using crisp data and fuzzy data change the decision from"acquire"the additional data(in the former)to"do not acquire"the additional data(in the latter).In general,different decisions are reached,depending on whether the fuzzy nature of the data is considered during the evaluation.The implications of these results are significant in a domain such as the oil and gas industry(where investments are huge).This work strongly suggests the need to define the data as crisp or fuzzy for use in VOI,prior to implementing the assessment to select and define the right approach.

Bioremediation Technology Potential for Management of Soil and Water Pollution from Anticipated Rapid Industrialization and Planned Oil and Gas Sector in Uganda: A Review

Oil exploitation in many African countries is associated with litigation and conflicts to water and soil pollution. It is because of inadequate planning for management of oil spills and industrial effluents in environmentally sustainable manner. Uganda’s natural resources such as soils and water bodies are threatened by contamination due to rapid industrialization and rural-urban migration in established Industrial Business Parks and planned oil and gas production at Albertine Graben Region. The low level of compliance to industrial effluents discharge standards relevant to specific environmental receptors and activities within oil and gas sector development pose a big question of how to sustain the biodiversity and natural resource management. Experiences from elsewhere have shown bioremediation as a viable and proven option to provide potentially manageable solutions to resulting pollution as a substitute to modern well-known remediation methods, for it is relatively cheaper, more efficient and minimal toxic byproducts after treatment. The most used bioremediation agents in different studies reviewed are bacterial species especially Pseudomonas and Bacillus, followed by Aspergillus a fungi species, microalgae and aquatic plants such as duckweed, macrophytes and pteridophytes. Regardless of the waste produced in either oil and gas sector or industries, these agents have shown greater biodegradation rates. Pseudomonas sp. has a degradation efficiency of oil compounds ranging from 90% - 100%, and Aspergillus sp. 75% - 95%. Some aquatic plants can thrive in created wetlands with relatively still water such as Phragmites australis which can degrade hydrocarbons especially Aromatic compounds with benzene ring up to 95%. It can thrive in salty water with high pH range of 4.8 - 8.2. With industrial wastewater, algae is the most dominant with the degradation rates varying from 65% -100% and bacteria at 70% - 90%. Most of the reported results are in the developed country context. In developing countries, duckweed is reported as the commonest aquatic plant in wastewater treatment for removal of heavy metals because it is more tolerant to a wide range of environmental conditions and produce biomass faster. It has a removal rate of heavy metals between 90% and 100%. Basing on literature data analysis, bacteria are more suitable for treating water from oil pollution using Pseudomonas sp. Phragmites australis is suited for cleaning up oil in both water and soil. Duckweed is the best in treating water polluted with industrial effluents. This paper presents the different bioremediation methods that Uganda can potentially apply to mitigate the increased risk of environmental pollutions from planned industrialization and oil and gas development in the Albertine Graben Region.

Risk Assessment Index System of Natural Gas Industrial Chain in China

This paper establishes a risk assessment index system for the natural gas industrial chain. China＇s natural gas industrial chain is entering a stage of rapid growth. In order to guarantee healthy development of the natural gas industrial chain, it is urgent to establish a risk alert system, which is based on a risk assessment index system. First of all, the risks of the natural gas industrial chain are defined in the paper; then the risk factors are analyzed according to the present status of the natural gas industrial chain, and five categories of risk factors are summarized： resource risk, transport risk, marketing risk, risk of unbalanced chain links, and environment risk. The paper presents the principles of the risk assessment index system. The natural gas industrial chain risk assessment index system is established with four levels and forty-six risk indices.

Science and Technology of China Onshore Petroleum Industry Towards 21st Century（Part 4）

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Gazprom Neft will jointly develop West Siberian oilfields with Mubadala Petroleum and RDIF

According to the World Oil report from Moscow on September 5,Gazprom Neft,Russia's third-largest oil company,Mubadala Petroleum and Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF)announced on the 5th that they had completed a deal to set up a joint venture to develop oilfields in the Tomsk and Omsk regions of west Siberian. After the deal,Gazprom Neft now has a 51% stake in the joint venture,compared to 44% for Mubadala Petroleum and 5% for RDIF.Gazprom's Vostok LLC,which remains a subsidiary of Gazprom Neft,will continue to operate the oil fields.Gazprom's Vostok LLC joint venture is the Mubadala Petroleum's first investment in Russia's oil and gas industry.

Empirical Investigation of Treatment of Sour Gas by Novel Technology: Energy Optimization

The sour gas sweetening is one of the main processes in gas industries. Gas sweetening is done through chemical processes. Therefore, it requires high cost and energy. The results show that increasing the operating temperature increases the mass transfer coefficient and increases the mass transfer rate. Theoretical and experimental data show that sulfur removal in 4.5 W magnetic field is desirable. The increase in sulfur removal percentage in the magnetic field of 4.5 W and 6.75 W is about 16.4% and 15.2%, respectively. According to the obtained results, the effect of temperature increase from 18.8°C to 23.4°C is more evident than the effect of temperature change from 23.4°C to 32.2°C. Because more thermal energy is needed to provide higher temperatures. Therefore, the temperature of 23.4°C is reported as the optimal temperature. The results of this research show that the percentage of sulfur removal is also high at this temperature.

Natural Resource Governance in Unrecognized Settings: What Are Emerging Political, Legal and Fiscal Issues Affecting “Somaliland”?

Somaliland declared independence after the fall of the Central Government of Somalia in 1991. Early peace settlements and state-building efforts led to transitional government and early democratic contestations including presidential elections in a hybrid state framework. This emerging democracy in a conflict-torn region is challenged by weak accountability and power imbalances between the three government branches. Over the past few years, the current ruling party started to engage with foreign companies to carry out exploration activities in onshore blocks utilizing existing information on the distribution of natural resources of oil, and gas and to lesser extent mining. Following an informal auction of selling licenses for resource exploration among various companies, Genel Energy amongst others;Somaliland has no competent institutions in managing revenues for long-term development due to two distinctive factors: 1) absence of strong legal and political frameworks specific to governance of extractive industry;2) weak fiscal regimes across spectrum of extractive companies, the state and investors.

新时代十年:我国油菜产业发展与路径选择

当前国产植物油自给率依然偏低,油菜作为我国重要的油料作物,国产菜籽油占国内油料作物产油量的约50%,对保障国家食用油供给安全具有重要作用。2012年“中央一号文件”首次全面部署农业科技,油菜产业在科技支撑的作用下取得了长足发展。2023年“中央一号文件”明确提出深入推进大豆和油料产能提升工程,统筹油菜综合性扶持措施,推行稻油轮作,大力开发利用冬闲田种植油菜。在系统梳理2012-2022年油菜产业发展变化的基础上,本文结合科技创新对油菜产业发展的支撑作用,对我国油菜发展面临的问题、制约因素和产业优势等进行全面分析,对我国油菜产业可持续发展提供可资借鉴的政策建议。

大豆压榨产业链期转现应用场景分析与建议

大连商品交易所(以下简称大商所)豆粕和豆油品种期现货结合程度较高。然而,期转现在我国压榨产业链中的应用仍处于初级阶段。为推动大商所期转现应用,本文对大豆压榨产业链上下游企业的期转现应用现状、难度及可行性进行了分析。一方面,对压榨厂应用芝加哥期货交易所(CBOT)期转现采购大豆进行了分析,总结出压榨利润正套和延期点价两个常用模式。另一方面,对压榨厂应用大商所期转现销售产品进行了分析,总结出交割和交易两个场景,将期货头寸转换方式与相关业务有机结合。同时,本文提出了重点推广基差定价和提前交割两个应用场景、加强市场培育提升产业客户参与度、发挥产业链龙头企业的示范作用和优化期转现操作系统与制度规则四方面建议。

Geographical Space Distribution of China's Oil and Gas Industry:Characteristics and Drivers

Here, the geographical space distribution of the oil and gas industry in China is comprehensively investigated using the overal Moran’s I index and local Moran’s I index. We found that China’s oil and gas industry development from 2000 to 2010 has a differentiated geographical space distribution upstream （extractive industry） but not downstream （reifning industry）. To analyze upstream and downstream states a spatial econometrics model （SEM） was used to identify inlfuential factors resulting from the spatial concentration of the oil and gas industry. An external effect is the key factor promoting the spatial concentration of the upstream industry in China;governmental economic policy is another important factor.

抚顺矿区绿色低碳循环经济高质量发展的探索与实践

抚顺矿区随着开采年限的增加,煤炭资源逐渐减少,特别是国家“保城限采”后,大量城下压煤无法开采,煤炭可采储量锐减。为了克服企业困难,经过多年反复不断地探索与实践,逐渐形成一个围绕煤炭和油页岩综合开发利用为核心,具有科学性、循环性、增值性的循环经济模式,并不断发展壮大。抚顺这个百年老矿区发展循环经济具有重要意义,其发展历程以及取得的经验说明,循环经济是煤炭企业实现高质量可持续发展的必然选择。