Key technologies and practice for gas field storage facility construction of complex geological conditions in China

In view of complex geological characteristics and alternating loading conditions associated with cyclic large amount of gas injection and withdrawal in underground gas storage(UGS) of China, a series of key gas storage construction technologies were established, mainly including UGS site selection and evaluation, key index design, well drilling and completion, surface engineering and operational risk warning and assessment, etc. The effect of field application was discussed and summarized. Firstly, trap dynamic sealing capacity evaluation technology for conversion of UGS from the fault depleted or partially depleted gas reservoirs. A key index design method mainly based on the effective gas storage capacity design for water flooded heterogeneous gas reservoirs was proposed. To effectively guide the engineering construction of UGS, the safe well drilling, high quality cementing and high pressure and large flow surface injection and production engineering optimization suitable for long-term alternate loading condition and ultra-deep and ultra-low temperature formation were developed. The core surface equipment like high pressure gas injection compressor can be manufactured by our own. Last, the full-system operational risk warning and assessment technology for UGS was set up. The above 5 key technologies have been utilized in site selection, development scheme design, engineering construction and annual operations of 6 UGS groups, e.g. the Hutubi UGS in Xinjiang. To date, designed main indexes are highly consistent with actural performance, the 6 UGS groups have the load capacity of over 7.5 billion cubic meters of working gas volume and all the storage facilities have been running efficiently and safely.

Mesozoic–Cenozoic stress field magnitude in Sichuan Basin, China and its adjacent areas and the implication on shale gas reservoir: Determination by acoustic emission in rocks

The Sichuan Basin is one of the vital basins in China,boasting abundant hydrocarbon reservoirs.To clarify the intensity of the tectonic stress field of different tectonic episodes since the Mesozoic and to identify the regional dynamic background of different tectonic movements in the Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas,the characteristics of the acoustic emission in rocks in different strata of these areas were researched in this paper.Meanwhile,the tectonic stress magnitude in these areas since the Mesozoic was restored.The laws state that the tectonic stress varied with depth was revealed,followed by the discussion of the influence of structural stress intensity on structural patterns in different tectonic episodes.These were conducted based on the paleostress measurement by acoustic emission method and the inversion principle of the stress fields in ancient periods and the present,as well as previous research achievements.The results of this paper demonstrate that the third episode of Yanshanian Movement(Yanshanian III)had the maximum activity intensity and tremendously influenced the structural pattern in the study area.The maximum horizontal principal stress of Yanshanian III varied with depth as follows:0.0168 x+37.001(MPa),R^2=0.8891.The regional structural fractures were mainly formed in Yanshanian III in Xujiahe Formation,west Sichuan Basin,of which the maximum paleoprincipal stress ranging from 85.1 MPa to 120.1 MPa.In addition,the law stating the present maximum horizontal principal stress varies with depth was determined to be 0.0159 x+10.221(MPa),R^2=0.7868 in Wuling Mountain area.Meanwhile,it was determined to be 0.0221 x+9.4733(MPa),R^2=0.9121 in the western part of Xuefeng Mountain area and 0.0174 x+10.247(MPa),R^2=0.8064 in the whole study area.These research results will not only provide data for the simulation of stress field,the evaluation of deformation degree,and the prediction of structural fractures,but also offer absolute geological scientific bases for the elevation of favorable shale gas preservation.

Key Engineering Highlights of Facilities ＆ Equipment for Oil ＆ Gas Production in Kuwait Oil Company

The paper provides an insight into key engineering aspects of Kuwait Oil Company＇s existing projects, facilities and equipment both current and from nearly 30 years of projects development. It deals with engineering features of mainly process and mechanical equipment, both static and rotating besides others, used for collection, separation, desalting, heat transfer, chemical treatment, storage, transmission, pipelines and similar facilities utilized for upstream oil and gas production, both sweet and sour. Engineering highlights include certain technological developments, metallurgical aspects, few best practices and lessons learnt as well. Seven （7） case studies are included towards the end that show case some of the engineering aspects of facility equipment, lessons learned from their engineering and conclusions drawn that, emphasize the need to focus on initial, preliminary engineering aspects of projects and could provide useful tips for oil and gas engineers and designers.

Coating Protection for Production Facilities of Offshore Oil Fields

This paper describes coating protection of production facilities of offshore oil fields based on the practice of development of Bohai Offshore Oil Field, with focus laid on the selection of coating systems, surface preparation, coating application, as well as coating inspection for four types of major production facilities.

Advances in the application of biomimetic surface engineering in the oil and gas industry

Friction is widespread in almost every field in the oil and gas industry,and it is accompanied by huge energy losses and potential safety hazards.To deal with a series of questions in this regard,biomimetic surfaces have been developed over the past decades to significantly reduce economic losses.Presently,biomimetic surface engineering on different scales has been successfully introduced into related fields of the oil and gas industry,such as drill bits and the inner surfaces of pipes.In this review,we focused on the most recent and promising efforts reported toward the application of a biomimetic surface in oil and gas fields,indicating the necessity and importance of establishing this disciplinary study.Regarding the oil and gas industry,we mainly analyzed and summarized some important research results into the following three aspects:(i)applications in reducing the wear of exploration production equipment and its components,(ii)separation and drag release technologies in oil/gas storage and transportation,and(iii)functional coatings used in oil and gas development in oceans and polar regions.Finally,based on an in‐depth analysis of the development of biomimetic surface engineering in the fields of oil and gas,some conclusions and perspectives are also discussed.It is expected that biomimetic surface engineering can be used in oil and gas fields more widely and systematically,providing important contributions to green development in the near future.

中国海上油气田海域整体开发新模式的提出与探索——以渤海油田为例

中国海上油气面临低品位储量占比持续增加、主力油田高含水且稳产难、工程设施局部饱和及地下资源与地面工程亟待整体协同等问题,特别是在“双碳”战略下,传统的开发模式已不能满足当下需求。提出了海域整体开发新模式,即将单个海域作为一个有机整体,时空域协同统筹地下油气资源“一网”与地面工程“五网”(油、气、水、电、信),构建协同、共享、高效、绿色的开发新模式。以渤海油田为例,系统梳理地下油气资源和地面工程设施特征,构建地下油气资源“一网”和地面工程设施“五网”,开展“一网”+“五网”协同方案研究,优化了多项现有工程设施,统筹了多个新建工程设施预留,提出多项未来工程设施整体布局,推动向标准化、移动共享、绿色开发转型升级,助力渤海油田高质量上产稳产4000万吨。海域整体开发模式是支撑海上油田增储上产稳产的前瞻性探索,为国内外海上其他油气田高质量持续发展提供了有益参考。

油气田地面工程火灾报警系统自动化设计与应用

油气田地面工程火灾报警系统能及时检测并响应火灾中的异常温度上升、烟雾激增、火焰出现等情况。系统设计应遵循一系列安全标准和规范,以确保其在极端和危险的油气田环境中的可靠性。自动化控制策略、实时监控系统集成、软件平台选择、编程语言的适用性是系统设计和实施的关键方面,决定系统的功能性,与现实场景中的应用效果有着密切联系。以油气田地面工程火灾报警系统的自动化设计与应用为主题,设计了自动化控制系统开发、实时监控系统集成、系统开发环境等具体内容。结果表明,系统功能已完全实现,其性能满足油气田地面工程使用需求。

The Value Constrained Production Decline Model and Its Application in Reserve Valuation

In the asset valuation of oil and gas reserves, it is discovered that the production decline trend of wells is not very obvious and that it is hard to make a production forecast matching the production history, thus resulting in a significant deviation of oil and gas asset value. For production with a significant fluctuation, the value deviation is also considerable if the matching production, which is predicted with classical decline methods, cannot appropriately reflect the time value distribution of actual production. To mitigate such a deviation, a concept is proposed concerning the value constrained production forecast and the value constrained production decline model is developed. A field case is demonstrated as an application of such a model. The model can significantly decrease the risk in the value deviation of a production decline analysis and be applied to the production forecasts for a single well, well clusters, blocks or field scale, and even for other mining industries.

油气田地面工程数字化信息模型建设方式探讨

油气田地面工程数字化转型多以顶层架构建设出发,强调现场OT与IT融合发展,赋予现场设施/资产边缘计算能力,同时借助云计算,力求把数据转化为有效信息,实施决策、优化生产流程等一系列提质增效措施。运行现场老旧资产的OT技术、新建设施的运行机制与快速迭代的IT技术存在技术断层,导致推行油气田地面工程数字化乃至最终的智能化转型荆棘塞途。因此,实现油气田信息化转型应以实际业务需求出发,通过分析已建与新建项目的地面专业化运维、信息系统的不同特征,分别从地面设备设施、工艺、工业控制、基础生产信息等方向,明确信息模型构成、确定信息模型组织、统一信息模型规范,为油气田地面工程数字化融合建设提出一种基于资产、环境及基础生产三大领域的信息模型,助力油气田地面工程数字化转型。

油气田地面工程建设冬季施工管理措施

石油是现代社会发展的关键资源之一,唯有重视油气田开发工作,才能满足社会不断增长的能源需求,而在油气田的开发过程中,地面工程建设十分关键,其质量将直接影响油气开采能否顺利进行。由于油气田开发耗时较长,所以不可避免地会在冬季施工,但冬季施工有着比其他季节更恶劣的天气条件,从而造成施工效率低下、进度延缓、成品质量差等问题,所以采取适当的油气田地面工程建设冬季施工管理措施,并加强冬施管理,是顺利完成工程建设项目的前提之一。基于此,在结合工作经验基础上,通过对油气田地面工程建设中冬季施工特点及风险进行分析,进而从施工质量、施工机械及施工安全三个方面探讨各专业冬季施工管理措施,以期为从业同行提供参考借鉴,达到提高油田产能建设施工质量的目的。

大庆油田地面建设信息化智能化实践与思考

大庆油田地面建设项目具有投资大、类别多、地域广、工期紧、施工环境复杂等特点,违章作业时有发生,不易监管,施工现场安全、质量、进度很难得到有效保证。为发挥标准化、信息化、数字化等技术对主营业务的支撑作用,构建了大庆油田“数字化项目管理+数字化移交+智慧化施工现场管理”的地面建设信息化管理模式,组织开发建设了基建管理系统、智慧工地系统、数字化交付系统,三者之间实现系统集成、数据共享,实现了业务管理上的互相支撑。基建管理系统覆盖油气田地面建设全过程,满足项目协同管理及辅助决策;智慧工地系统通过现场部署视频监控、智能感知等终端设备,实现对施工现场实时监管,及时反映现场施工情况;数字化交付系统通过数字化移交关联设计、采购、施工各阶段工程信息,构建站场数字孪生体。新管理模式对业务协同、多方联动、提质增效、合规精细管理作用突出。

石油系统地面工程建设监督管理创新的探索与实践

胜利油田地面工程建设监督管理始终以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,深入贯彻油田“五大战略、三大目标”战略部署,努力化解新形势下制约油田地面工程建设高质量发展的不利因素,围绕地面工程建设效能提升的主攻方向,不断创新“监督、科研、拓展”三个机制,搭建“融合、协作”两个平台,强化“党建”一个引领,实现了专业化监督效能的持续提高、内生动力的持续增强、绿色发展理念的持续深化,有效地保障了油田地面工程建设的高质量发展。

一种面向油气田地面工程的智能建造系统模型及应用

将新型信息技术与油气田地面工程建造技术深度融合,分析研究了国内外智能建造技术发展现状,提出了油气田地面工程智能建造应具备建造过程标准统一、建造信息实时感知、建造要素集中融合、建造业务高度协同、建造管理先知先觉和建造结果数字智能等基本特征。在此基础上,设计了一种面向油气田地面工程的智能建造系统模型,并阐述了模型需要重点关注的内容和对应关键技术,最后探讨了油气田地面工程智能建造场景及应用前景。研究成果可为当前及未来油气田地面工程智能建造提供理论参考和方法指导。

油田地面工程建设管理问题分析

石油是工业生产的重要能源,其应用范围在不断扩大,对我国经济发展起到了积极推动作用。油田地面工程是石油开采工作中的重要环节,对油田地面工程建设进行管理对确保我国石油开采质量至关重要。通过分析油田地面工程建设管理中存在的问题,并提出了一系列改善措施,以期为我国石油开采工作提供理论依据。

中东地区某油田自喷井的光伏发电系统设计

中东地区的大型和巨型油田自喷井较多,而自喷井设备的用电负荷较小,且此类地区的太阳能资源丰富,建设光伏发电系统的场地充足,特别适合采用光伏发电技术。以位于中东沙漠地区某已建千万吨级油田的地面工程为例,该地面工程的单井光伏供电项目通过光伏发电系统为自喷井供电,对该光伏发电系统的系统结构设计及主要设备选型等进行分析。以期为同类项目的建设提供参考。

低渗透油田地面工程总体规划方案优化研究

:建立了油田地面网络的相关矩阵及节点的参数计算通式 ,为计算机处理油田地面网络问题提供了有利手段。采用大系统优化理论 ,针对低渗透油田地面工程网络拓扑优化问题 ,建立了适用于多级分解优化算法的数学模型。给出了低渗透油田地面工程网络拓扑优化的多级分解优化算法 ,即顺次进行油气集输系统、污水处理系统、注水系统和供配电系统的优化 ,各子系统间又通过变量互相联系 ,每一个子系统的网络优化又分解为布局优化和参数优化。子系统的优化目标函数是等额年费用 ;总体优化的目标函数是财务净现值。编制了低渗透油田地面工程总体规划方案优化软件 ,为油田开发建设的宏观决策提供了一个科学而快速的工具。

活塞环组结构参数对柴油机漏气量和机油消耗的影响

合理的活塞环组结构能有效改善内燃机整机性能。以某四缸高压共轨柴油机活塞组件为研究对象,结合实测的缸内压力及活塞与缸套工作温度场数据,建立了活塞组件动力学模型。重点研究了不同活塞环岸间隙、环槽间隙、活塞环开口间隙、活塞顶环径向弹力对缸内的机油消耗和漏气量的影响规律。运用Box-Behnken响应面法分析表明:顶环、二环开口间隙和顶环的径向弹力对漏气量的影响表现出了较为明显的线性关系,油环开口间隙对漏气量的影响较小,顶环对气体的密封能力强于二环。漏气量和二环岸压力均随着环岸间隙的增大而增大,顶环上下表面压力差的增大使得经过活塞环开口处的窜油量在环岸间隙为0.95 mm时最大。环槽深度及顶环上侧间隙的变化对漏气量无明显影响。在保证活塞环组性能的同时,适当减小环岸间隙与开口间隙、增加径向弹力,可有效降低漏气量与机油消耗。

中国石油地面工程推广模块化建设的策略

近年来,中国石油在油气田地面工程大型厂站的建设中初步探索模块化建设模式,取得了显著成效,但总体水平及应用规模与国际先进水平相比还存在一定差距。为促进中国石油快速提升模块化建设和管理水平,有必要研究和借鉴国际先进经验,进一步开展模块化建设工作。总结了模块化建设发展的四个阶段历程和国际石油公司采用模块化建设的主要因素,结合中国石油油气田地面工程建设的特点,阐述了中国石油推广模块化建设的必要性。通过对模块化建设的全面分析和研究,提出了对模块化建设的几点认识,并对中国石油推广开展油气田地面工程模块化建设提出了具体建议。

中高成熟度页岩油及致密油地面工程建设模式及工艺技术

由于页岩油及致密油在开发方式和生产规律等方面与常规油藏存在较大差异,采用传统的地面工程建设技术难以满足高效开发的要求。在全面总结页岩油及致密油单井和区块的开发和生产规律的基础上,从地面工程建设角度划分了单井和区块的生产阶段,结合开发和生产特点,提出了“统筹优化、骨架先行、模块组合、集成橇装、分期匹配、搬迁复用、集中处理”的地面工程标准化、模块化建设模式,以及单井计量、集输、采出液处理、返排液及采出水处理采用的地面工艺技术。可以降低地面建设投资和运行成本,提高整体开发效益。

油气田地面工程科技攻关进展及发展方向

"十二五"期间,为适应中国石油油气开发方式转变,满足稠油油田火驱、高酸性气田、煤层气等开发生产的需要,组织开展了地面工程重大科技攻关,形成了稠油火驱地面配套、重油低成本开发、凝析气田简化、高酸性气田安全开发、油气混输等技术系列,制定了一系列标准规范和技术导则,为公司天然气业务快速发展和原油业务稳产提供了技术支撑,为地面工程进一步提质增效提供对标依据和发展策略。攻关形成的技术体系在生产应用中支持新的油气开发方式,节省了投资,降低了运行费用,解决了部分安全环保问题,并在科研攻关中培养和锻炼了核心技术研究人员,提高了创新能力,研究指出"流程密闭高效、低成本低能耗、安全环保智能可靠"将是今后地面工程技术发展方向。