Perspective on oil flax yield and dry biomass with reduced nitrogen supply

Field experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design to determine effects of nitrogen(N)application levels(J0:150 kg/hm^2,J1:120 kg/hm^2,J2:90 kg/hm^2,J3:60 kg/hm^2)on regulating dry biomass accumulation,allocation and translocation,and grain yield of oil flax during 2018 cropping season.Significant promotion was observed in dry matter during accumulation stage of oil flax,when N rate was reduced by 40%(from 150 to 90 kg/hm^2).Under J2 treatment,translocation of dry matter from vegetative organs to pod increased by 38.46%and 61.54%respectively,when compared with J1 and J0 treatment Dry matter distribution proportion of pod at maturity increased 4.47%-7.61%,contribution rate of leaf to grain upgraded 5.09%-8.77%,and number of effective pods and grains per pod increased by 27.16%-45.38%and 6.49%-26.59%respectively compared to other treatments.As a result,seed yield of oil flax under J2 treatment was 2.23%-18.21%higher than those of other treatments.Our study recommended 90 kg/hm^2 as the best N fertilizer level to improve seed yield of oil flax.

Effect of different film color mulching on dry matter and grain yield of oil flax in dry-land

Mulching can effectively maintain soil moisture;color of mulching film affects soil water storage capacity and further promote crop growth to improve grain yield.Field experiment was conducted to study effects of different film colors on dry matter accumulation(DMA)and grain yield of oil flax.Results showed that white plastic film mulching could increase leaf area,chlorophyll content and DMA.DMA of white film mulching and micro-ridge with soil covering was 53.0%higher than that of CK,and 7.8%higher than that of black film mulching.Mulching method also influenced DMA.Micro-ridge alone increased it by 13.7%than flat cultivation and soil covering improved another 7.6%under white film mulching.Both white and black film mulching with microridge could significantly improve grain yield.Black film mulching with micro-ridge and soil covering,white film mulching with micro-ridge and no soil covering significantly increased capsule number per plant,1,000-grain weight and grain yield of oil flax,compared with CK.Grain yield increased 29.0%and 28.9%respectively.These results indicated that the above mulching methods were suitable for high yield cropping pattern in dry-farming regions.

Secoisolariciresinol diglycoside(SDG)lignan content of oil flax:Genotypic and environmental variations and association with other traits

The secoisolariciresinol diglycoside(SDG)lignan of oil flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)is influenced by genotype,environment and the interaction of genotype×environment.This field study was conducted to investigate the effects of genotype and environment on the SDG lignan content,six genotypes(Longya 8,Zhangya 2,Linxiabai,Shandanbai,Gaolanbai,and DYMS)were sown under eight locations(Hohhot,Datong,Minle,Yili,Shuangta,Jingtai,Guyuan,and Zhangjiakou)in 2014 and 2015 in China.The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications.Results showed that Longya 8 had the highest SDG lignan content(7.27mg/g)and Shandanbai had the lowest(4.71 mg/g)across 16 environments.The SDG lignan content ranged from 4.70 mg/g at Datong to 7.74 mg/g at Minle Research Station.In the present study,the results indicated that differences among genotypes in SDG lignan content accounted for 51.38%variation of the total variation and environments accounted for 44.40%variation of the total variation.Moreover,we found that the altitude had a positive effect on SDG lignan content of flaxseed,presumably owing to differences in temperature,humidity,sunshine time,etc.These results indicated that the SDG lignan content was genetically controlled,and was also to be influenced by environmental conditions,especially altitude.

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus application on soil nitrogen morphological characteristics and grain yield of oil flax

In order to identify effects of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)on soil nitrogen morphological characteristics and grain yield of oil flax,a two-factor experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in typical semi-arid and hilly-gully area of Loess Plateau with 3 replicates in 2013 and 2014.Two levels of N application included 150 kg/hm2(N2)and 75 kg/hm2(N1).P application included 150 kg P2 O5/hm2(P2)and 75 kg P2 O5/hm2(P1).Temporal and spatial variation of soil nitrate nitrogen(NO3-N)and ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N)contents in 0-60 cm soil layer,and relationship between soil NO3-N accumulation(SNA)and grain yield of oil flax were analyzed.Results showed that SNA increased with evaluated N application rate in different soil layers(0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm).With the increased P application,SNA increased at N1 level but decreased at N2 level.SNA under N2 P1 treatment increased by 73.33%in 2013 and 74.97%in 2014 respectively,compared with control treatment(CK)at maturity stage.Grain yield of oil flax also increased by 44.27%in 2013 and56.55%in 2014,compared with CK under the same treatment.Correlation analysis showed that SNA in different soil layers were respectively positively correlated with grain yield.In conclusion,this research suggested that the optimal fertilizer application rate was 150 kg N/hm2 and 75 kg P2 O5/hm2 in the Northwest of China.

Seed filling dynamic traits of oil flax in response to nitrogen and phosphorus

Crop yield is primarily seed-filling-limited in production system under field conditions.This study was aimed to determine whether seed filling traits of oil flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)could be controlled by phosphorus(P),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus and nitrogen(NP)supply.Effects on seed filling traits were investigated in 2 years including capsule diameter,capsule height,capsule dry matter(DM),seed DM per capsule,pericarp DM per capsule,protein content and oil content.DM translocation from pericarps to seed,translocation efficiency,and contribution of photoassimilates during seed filling period were also detected.In a randomized complete block design,cultivar'Longyaza 1'was grown under P(33 kg P/ha),N(75 kg N/ha),and NP(33 kg P/ha and 75 kg N/ha)along with a zerofertilizer(CK)treatment in 2013 and 2014.Results suggested that DM translocation efficiency and contribution efficiency increased to different extent due to P,N or NP application.At 42 DAA(days after anthesis),seed DM per capsule reached the greatest,while protein content and pericarp DM obtained the least level.However,the highest oil content was detected at 35 DAA.A significant positive linear relationship was observed between seed DM,capsule DM and DM translocation in both years.Protein content showed inconsistent relation with oil content.The results indicated that appropriate N and P management could be an effective approach to increase oil flax production.

RESEARCH ON STRUCTURE AND PROPERTY OF OIL FLAX FIBER

In this paper investigations of the macromolecular chain structure, crystalline andmorphological structure of oil flax of San Xi and flax of East-North by means of such as elec-tron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, density and birefringence etc. is presented. The physical andmechanical properties of fibers are also measured. The results show that there is a little differencebetween the macrostructure of two kinds of flax fibers. The count which is an average linear den-sity of single fiber from different parts (root, middle, top of the stem), of the oil flax and that ofthe flax from East-North is 3.28 dtex and 3.29 dtex respectively. The modulus, breaking tenacityand elongation of oil flax are 1835.63 cN / tex, 61.08 cN / tex and 3.62% respectively. Com-paring this data with the data of flax, we find that there exists no appreciable difference.

The Role of Humic Acid and Proline on Growth, Chemical Constituents and Yield Quantity and Quality of Three Flax Cultivars Grown under Saline Soil Conditions

In order to mitigate the salinity effects on flax grown on moderate saline sandy soil (3275 - 3430 ppm) and irrigated with moderate saline water (2300 - 2460 ppm) field experiments were carried out at the experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Wadi El-Natrun district El-Behera Governorate—Egypt, during two successive winter seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. Three flax varieties (Opal, Giza-8 and Mayic) were grown and treated with some chemical additives humic acid (50 kg/fed) and/or foliar applied proline (Control, 50 and 100 mg/L). The results showed the positive responses of Giza-8 variety to the combined application of humic acid and proline and mitigated the salinity effects of soil and irrigation water and reflected on most of the studied characters. Such results indicate the potentiality of mitigation the hazardous effect of salinity with these chemical additives. The data indicated that the highest seed yield, straw yield and oil yield were obtained at humic acid (50 kg/fed) with foliar treatment of proline at rate of (100 mg/L). The interaction of proline at (100 mg/L) with humic acid at rate of (50 kg/fed) improved plant fresh and dry weight in all flax cultivars under salinity conditions. Fresh weight increased by 66.6%, 48.7% and 65.5% over controls for Opal, Giza-8 and Mayic varieties, respectively. The interaction of proline at (100 mg/L) with humic acid at rate of (50 kg/fed) with Giza-8 variety gave the highest values of seed yield, straw yield and oil yield.

Production of Biodiesel from Cottonseed Oil over Aminated Flax Fibres Catalyst: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Behaviour and Biodiesel Properties

The transesterification of cottonseed oil in the presence of methanol to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using flax-based fibres catalyst modified with an alkaline moiety was studied. The catalyst was prepared by radiation induced grafting (RIG) of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto dignified flax fibres followed by amination with diethylamine (DEA) and treatment with NaOH solution. A maximum FAME conversion of 88.6% was obtained at 60°;C with a catalyst dosage of 2.5 wt%, an oil/methanol ratio of 1:33 and a time of 2 h. The biodiesel quality was verified by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Kinetic analysis showed a reaction activation energy of 69.33 kJ·molˉ1 and a rate constant of 0.00349 minˉ1 indicating that the catalytic reaction was kinetically controlled. Thermodynamic analyses revealed that the reaction was reversible, non-spontaneous and endothermic with an enthalpy of 66.62 kJ·molˉ1. The obtained biodiesel showed physical and chemical characteristics complying with ASTM D6751. It can be concluded that the alkaline biopolymer catalyst prepared in the present study is a promising green candidate for biodiesel production.

增密扩行对宽幅匀播胡麻抗倒伏能力及籽粒产量的影响

为进一步提高旱作农业区胡麻(Linum usitatissimum L.)抗倒伏能力和籽粒产量,本研究以胡麻品种定亚26为试验材料,于2021年通过田间裂区试验,研究了宽幅(10 cm)播种技术下增密(750、850和950粒·m^(-2))扩行(15、20和25 cm行距)对胡麻抗倒伏性和产量的影响。结果表明,随着胡麻种植密度的增加,植株株高和重心高度均增大,850和950粒·m^(2)分别较常规播种密度(750粒·m^(2))平均增加8.96%和9.13%,茎粗、单株鲜重、茎秆强度、抗折力和抗倒伏指数分别降低9.58%、18.08%、11.11%、34.30%和22.46%,差异达显著水平。在950粒·m^(-2)密度水平下,与常规条播相比,宽幅匀播有利于缓解胡麻株高的快速增长,增大茎粗,增强茎秆抗倒伏能力,其中10 cm幅宽处理下15和20 cm行距青果期茎秆强度、抗折力、抗倒伏指数分别提高1.71%和10.67%、6.58%和19.30%、13.62%和20.71%,且差异达显著水平;籽粒产量显著高出19.85%~30.46%,其中,20 cm行距处理下籽粒产量最高,达1884.44kg·hm^(-2)。综上,10 cm幅宽和20 cm行距配合950粒·m^(-2)种植密度有利于提高陇中旱作农业区胡麻的抗倒伏能力和籽粒产量。本研究结果为旱作农业区胡麻抗逆高产栽培模式提供了技术参考。

胡麻油对高脂模型小鼠血脂代谢的保护作用

目的:研究胡麻油对高脂模型小鼠的保护作用。方法:30只昆明小鼠随机分为空白组、高脂模型组、胡麻油组,每组10只。采用饲喂小鼠高脂膳食构建高脂模型小鼠,胡麻油组给予胡麻油进行干预;在第30 d采血和肝肾器官,检测血糖血脂指标、抗氧化酶和肝功能酶水平,测定肝、肾指数。结果:胡麻油处理能够改善高脂饲料诱导的血糖血脂代谢异常,降低高脂膳食诱导的组织氧化伤害。结论:胡麻油具有良好的降脂降糖效果。

苹果多酚延长胡麻油贮藏期和维持较好品质的研究

对苹果多酚对胡麻油贮藏效果及胡麻油的体外抗菌活性进行研究。将胡麻油分别贮藏在10,4,0℃下,同时,各温度另设一多酚处理组,每组7瓶,油样品均贮藏于冷库,每隔3个月随机取出3份样品,测其酸值、过氧化值,并分析胡麻油的抗菌性。结果表明,在贮藏期间(10,4,0℃),各组胡麻油的酸值和过氧化值均随时间延长而增加,相比各对照组,各多酚处理组胡麻油的酸值和过氧化值在各测试时间点均较低;体外抗菌试验中,各组胡麻油均显示了一定的抗菌活性,贮温越低,胡麻油的抗菌活性越强,且多酚处理各组胡麻油的抗菌活性均较各自对照组强。研究表明,苹果多酚能够有效延长胡麻油的贮藏期,维持胡麻油的品质。

EMS诱变创制胡麻新种质的研究

为创制胡麻新种质,本研究以胡麻品种陇亚10号为试验材料,采用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)作为诱变剂,开展胡麻EMS诱变研究。结果表明,诱变效果最佳的EMS浓度和时间参数为0.20%和24 h;通过对诱变后代的表型逐代田间观察和考种数据分析,在M8代筛选出22份在株高、生育期、白粉病抗性等性状方面与原野生型对照具有明显差异的胡麻变异材料,其中早熟材料4份、大粒材料1份、矮秆和半矮秆材料3份、高秆材料2份、抗白粉病材料17份、白花材料2份、持绿性材料2份。这些材料既可以作为种质资源应用于胡麻遗传改良,也可以作为重要性状基因发掘的基础材料,同时部分综合性状优良、丰产性突出的材料可进一步培育成新品种应用于胡麻生产。本研究为胡麻种质创新和EMS诱变育种提供了参考,为新品种选育和重要性状基因发掘奠定了材料基础。

三种胡麻生长模型对现蕾期和青果期干旱胁迫响应能力的比较

本研究利用不同胡麻品种、不同干旱程度的大田试验数据,检验、评估3种作物模型干旱胁迫效应算法的精确性,及其在现蕾期、青果期干旱胁迫处理下对胡麻蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶面积指数及籽粒产量4个指标的模拟预测能力。模拟结果表明,干旱胁迫使胡麻蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶面积指数和籽粒产量降低。3种作物模型干旱胁迫效应算法可以模拟出胡麻生理生化指标在各干旱处理下的变化趋势,但模拟效果不够理想。3种干旱胁迫效应算法均低估了籽粒产量。综合考虑,WOFOST模型干旱胁迫效应算法对籽粒产量、蒸腾速率的模拟效果最好,APSIM模型干旱胁迫效应算法对气孔导度的模拟效果最好,DSSAT模型干旱胁迫效应算法对叶面积指数的模拟效果最好。

磷肥和硅肥配施对旱地胡麻光合特性及产量的影响

【目的】为明确磷硅养分耦合对胡麻生长的调控效应。【方法】通过裂区试验设计,研究了磷肥[不施磷(P_(0))、P_(2)O_(5)75 kg/hm^(2)(P_(1))、P_(2)O_(5)150 kg/hm^(2)(P_(2))]和硅肥[不施硅(Si_(0))、SiO_(2)75 kg/hm^(2)(Si_(1))、SiO_(2)150 kg/hm^(2)(Si_(2))]用量对胡麻光合特性及产量的影响。【结果】与P_(0)和Si_(0)相比,磷肥和硅肥施用均显著增加了胡麻叶面积、光合势、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和籽粒产量,施磷后分别增加了9.06%~43.68%、8.07%~28.25%、6.21%~18.06%、93.59%~150.77%和5.58%~12.01%,施硅后分别增加了7.14%~23.70%、4.82%~17.96%、5.09%~27.91%、67.55%~101.10%和4.01%~5.35%;磷肥对净光合速率及籽粒产量的提升作用均随用量的增加而增加;而硅肥对叶绿素a、光合势和净光合速率的提升随用量的增加而降低,2种硅肥用量下的产量无显著差异。磷硅养分耦合对胡麻光合特性的影响均未达到差异显著水平,但磷硅互作对胡麻籽粒产量的影响显著,P_(2)Si_(1)处理下的籽粒产量最高,较P_(2)Si_(2)之外的其他处理显著提高了7.25%~20.34%;P_(1)Si_(1)的产量与P_(1)Si_(2)和P_(2)Si_(2)无显著差异,较对照提高了12.20%。【结论】与试区同等的土壤供磷条件下(18 mg/kg左右),单施P_(2)O_(5)75~150 kg/hm^(2)的磷肥或SiO_(2)75 kg/hm^(2)的硅肥均可显著改善胡麻的光合性能,提高籽粒产量;上述用量的磷硅肥配施,增产效果显著,籽粒产量提高4.61%~20.34%。

生物柴油给油工艺对棉型亚麻纤维性能的影响

为改善亚麻纤维的可纺性,研究了生物柴油对棉型亚麻纤维给油的最佳工艺。采用喷洒方式对棉型亚麻纤维进行给油处理,利用纤维摩擦系数仪测试纤维动、静摩擦因数,对油剂用量、养生温度、养生时间等因素进行单因素试验。使用SPSS软件研究各因素对纤维动、静摩擦因数的显著性影响,再利用Design-Expert试验设计软件进行响应面设计,得到了生物柴油对棉型亚麻纤维给油的最佳工艺。结果表明,油剂用量以及养生温度对纤维动、静摩擦因数具有显著性影响;最佳给油工艺:油剂用量为2.05%、养生时间24 h、养生温度41.7℃,该工艺下纤维平滑性最好,纤维与纤维间、纤维与金属间动摩擦因数分别为0.245、0.203;纺纱试验表明生物柴油给油工艺相较于矿物油给油工艺纺制的亚麻纯纺纱,断裂强度以及伸长率分别提升了4.3%、4.41%,条干CV值降低了6.07%,同时千米细节、千米粗节以及千米麻粒均有所降低。

胡麻纤维增强热塑性淀粉复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

选用胡麻纤维非织造物为增强体,热塑性淀粉为基体,基于真空辅助传递模塑成型工艺制备了复合材料试样,研究了胡麻原茎脱胶率、不同的改性方法和非织造布铺层层数对复合材料力学、吸声及保温性能的影响,结果表明,经过处理后胡麻纤维的脱胶率为10.34%、断裂强力为142.432 cN。当胡麻织物克重为405 g/m^(2),铺层层数2层,用碱+硅烷偶剂+纳米二氧化硅进行改性后的胡麻增强复合材料的拉伸性能、弯曲性能和压缩性能达到最佳,分别为10.54、16.66、8.60 MPa,其吸声系数提高26.8%,保暖率达到98.1%。

伊犁河谷油用亚麻不同品系农艺性状与产量性状差异分析

为筛选出适宜新疆伊犁河谷示范推广的油用亚麻优良品系,以伊犁州农业科学研究所新培育的8份胡麻品系为供试材料,并以伊亚4号作为对照开展品比试验,在2020年和2021年均对各品系间开展物候期、农艺性状、经济性状和产量性状调查,通过各类指标数据对比分析筛选出适宜在新疆伊犁地区示范推广的胡麻优良品系。结果发现,两年间品系08006-375和08006-166整齐度好、单位面积收获株数较多、工艺长较长、单果粒数较多、千粒重适中、单株粒重较高、水分含量适中、含油量适中、大部分脂肪酸含量适中、丰产性好,综合性状表现较优,推荐2024年参加全国油用亚麻联合试验。

亚麻荠根系分泌物对胡麻和藜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为了探究亚麻荠根系分泌物对胡麻和杂草藜的化感作用,采用水培法观察了亚麻荠根系分泌物对胡麻和藜种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,亚麻荠根系分泌物对胡麻和藜种子的萌发具有抑制作用,且抑制作用随着处理浓度的增加而增强。亚麻荠根系分泌物对胡麻根长、根鲜重、苗鲜重具有抑制作用,在低处理浓度时对胡麻苗高具有促进作用,在中、高处理浓度时抑制作用较小;对杂草藜幼苗生长具有抑制作用,但抑制作用较小。综合分析,亚麻荠根系分泌物在低处理浓度时对胡麻生长的抑制作用小于对藜的抑制作用,在中、高处理浓度时大于对藜的抑制作用。

气相色谱-质谱法测定庆阳市售胡麻油中16种多环芳烃

目的:采用气相色谱-质谱法测定庆阳市售胡麻油中16种多环芳烃的含量。方法:样品经正己烷溶解,过MIP-PAHs分子印迹柱,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪选择离子监测模式进行含量测定,建立胡麻油中多环芳烃的检测分析方法。结果:胡麻油中多环芳烃类PAHs的方法检出限在0.136~0.577μg·kg^(-1),定量限在0.455~1.923μg·kg^(-1),加标回收率在70.27%~118.24%,相对标准偏差在0.53%~6.44%(n=6)。结论:采用气相色谱质谱法可以对庆阳市售胡麻油16种多环芳烃进行准确定性和定量,为PAHs污染防控监管措施的制定提供科学依据。

有机肥对胡麻干物质积累、分配及产量的影响研究

为促进胡麻(Linum usitatissimum Linn)生产实现高产、优质,在甘肃省白银市、兰州市和内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市进行了田间试验,以不施肥(T1)和施用化肥(T2)为对照,比较了施用农家肥(T3)、胡麻油渣(T4)和"清调补"生物肥(T5)、"窝里横"生物肥(T6)对胡麻干物质积累、分配规律及产量的影响。结果表明:3个试验区不同施肥处理明显改变了胡麻干物质积累的进程,干物质积累量从多到少排序均为T4>T2>T3>T6>T5>T1。拟合的胡麻全生育期干物质积累Logistic模型均达到极显著相关水平。胡麻最大干物质积累速率一般出现在现蕾期,播种时间较迟时会延至青果期。3个试验区不同肥料处理胡麻干物质积累直线增长天数从多到少以及干物质积累最大增长速率从高到低排序均表现一致,分别为T3>T2>T4>T5>T6>T1和T4>T2>T3>T6>T5>T1。各施用有机肥处理成熟期花果干物质分配比率均比对照(T1、T2)有所提高。T3比T1处理显著增产22.85%～45.40%,与T2处理未见显著差异。T4分别比T1、T2处理显著增产62.83%～88.13%、9.58%～39.49%。T5、T6比T1处理分别显著增产15.14%～18.10%、17.65%～21.01%,比T2处理分别显著减产14.63%～20.52%、12.77%～18.57%。生产上应大力推行胡麻油渣、农家肥施用技术,促进胡麻有机生产的发展。