Supply-based optimal scheduling of oil product pipelines

Oil product pipelines have features such as transporting multiple materials, ever-changing operating conditions, and synchronism between the oil input plan and the oil offloading plan. In this paper, an optimal model was established for a single-source multi-distribution oil pro- duct pipeline, and scheduling plans were made based on supply. In the model, time node constraints, oil offloading plan constraints, and migration of batch constraints were taken into consideration. The minimum deviation between the demanded oil volumes and the actual offloading volumes was chosen as the objective function, and a linear programming model was established on the basis of known time nodes＇ sequence. The ant colony optimization algo- rithm and simplex method were used to solve the model. The model was applied to a real pipeline and it performed well.

Criterions and Measures of Route Selection of Shallowly Embedded Long-Distance Oil and Gas Pipeline in Mountain Areas

According to the engineering investigation of long-distance oil and gas pipelines, the criterions and measures of route selection are drawn as follows： the flat landform is the first choice in route alignment. The foot of mountain is the first choice when the route passes by the valley. The route should pass by but the shady and deposited slope and not in sunny and erosive slope as possible as it can. The pipeline should be vertical to contour climbing and descending the mountain except steep slope. Tunnel can be used in crossing foothill. Perpendicularly traversing the river is better than beveling; the worst choice is to put the pipeline along the river. Bypass is the best choice in karsts area. The order of route selection should be pre-choosing, investigation, optimization and adjustment.

THE RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE LONG-DISTANCE OILPIPELINE ENGINEERING

The oilfield construction and long-distance oil pipeline engineering has been developed extensively in China. The risk assessment of oil industry will, however, be an important objective to cope with the development of oil industry , The risk assessment of oil industry has many subjects worthy to be studied.The major purpose of the paper is to research the risk cases of long-distance oil pipeline engineering in Ganshu and Shaanxi provinces.

An MILP approach for detailed scheduling of oil depots along a multi-product pipeline

Oil depots along products pipelines are important components of the pipeline transportation system and down-stream markets.The operating costs of oil depots account for a large proportion of the total system’s operating costs.Meanwhile,oil depots and pipelines form an entire system,and each operation in a single oil depot may have influence on others.It is a tough job to make a scheduling plan when considering the factors of delivering contaminated oil and batches migration.So far,studies simultaneously considering operating constraints and contaminated oil issues are rare.Aiming at making a scheduling plan with the lowest operating costs,the paper establishes a mixed-integer linear programming model,considering a sequence of operations,such as delivery, export, blending,fractionating and exchanging operations,and batch property differences of the same oil as well as influence of batch migration on contaminated volume.Moreover,the paper verifies the linear relationship between oil concentration and blending capability by mathematical deduction.Finally,the model is successfully applied to one of the product pipelines in China and proved to be practical.

Improving Supply Chain Strategies towards Mitigating the Effect of Crude Oil Theft and Pipeline Vandalism in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry: A Case Study of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)

Generically, SCM may be said to include all activities carried out to ensure proper functioning of the supply chain. The activities included in proper management of a supply chain broadly include logistics activities, planning and control of the flow of information and materials in a firm, management of relationships with other organizations and government intervention, However, crude oil theft and pipeline vandalism are established products supply chain disruptors in Nigeria which are rendering the task of running an efficient petroleum supply chain onerous. This paper aims to establish the importance of effective supply chain strategies for companies in the oil and gas industry with special focus on the Nigerian oil and gas sector and the strategies by which the state oil and gas corporation in this sector may mitigate disruptions to its supply chain. This study investigates the enhancement of supply chain strategies towards meeting the challenge of crude oil theft and pipeline vandalism, using the Nigerian National Corporation (NNPC) as a case study. Based on this study, data were collected from two sources: A summary of incident reports obtained from NNPC and an interview with personnel in the PPMC Department. Incident report refers to a report produced when accidents such as equipment failure, injury, loss of life, or fire occur at the work site. Content analysis is utilized to evaluate data obtained from interview responses, CBN financial stability reports, NDIC annual reports, circulars, banking supervision reports and implementation guidelines. The study found out that NNPC should endeavor to sustain its value chain and ward of pipeline vandals and crude oil thieves by engaging in community partnership, detailing security outfits to ensure its pipelines’ right of way and bridging. Concluded that the oil supply chain of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation has been plagued by disruptions in the form of crude oil theft and pipeline vandalism which has had debilitating effects on its value.

Experimental investigation of hydrate formation in water-dominated pipeline and its influential factors

Blockage in water-dominated flow pipelines due to hydrate reformation has been suggested as a potential safety issue during the hydrate production.In this work,flow velocity-dependent hydrate formation features are investigated in a fluid circulation system with a total length of 39 m.A 9-m section pipe is transparent consisted of two complete rectangular loops.By means of pressurization with gas-saturated water,the system can gradually reach the equilibrium conditions.The result shows that the hydrates are delayed to appear as floccules or thin films covering the methane bubbles.When the circulation velocity is below 750 rpm,hydrate is finally deposited as a“hydrate bed”at upmost of inner wall,narrowing the flow channel of the pipeline.Nevertheless,no plugging is observed during all the experimental runs.The five stages of hydrate deposition are proposed based on the experimental results.It is also revealed that a higher driving pressure is needed at a lower flow rate.The driving force of hydrate formation from gas and water obtained by melting hydrate is higher than that from fresh water with no previous hydrate history.The authors hope that this work will be beneficial for the flow assurance of the following oceanic field hydrate recovery trials.

成品油管道运输混油界面多传感器融合检测

成品油管道输油是石油行业的重要环节,涉及多种油品的顺序输送。在长距离管道输油过程中,混油界面的检测可以帮助管道运行管理人员及时、准确地判断不同油品的切换时间,避免油品输出错误导致的交叉油品污染,保证油品的品质和安全,提高管道输油过程的经济效益和输送效率。本文提出通过电磁能量吸收、电容介电常数、谐振频率等多个油品特征信号的检测,将多个检测参数信息融合综合分析混油界面,实现管道输油过程中实时混油界面检测。

输汽管道复合式保温及热力参数分布规律

采用技术先进、经济适用的材料和保温结构并开展热力参数对输汽管道蒸汽品质的影响规律研究,是实现稠油高效开采的重要环节。本文针对复合保温中的硬质结构联立求解动量方程和能量方程、建立了输汽管道热力参数计算模型,求解沿程蒸汽干度、温度、焓值等热力参数。结果表明:复合保温结构相对于原保温,管道千米干度提高3.3%、焓值提高50 kJ/kg;提高输汽管道输汽量可以减少沿程焓降、提高末端蒸汽干度,输汽量16 t/h时干度降为3%、焓降38 kJ/kg,相对于8 t/h时输汽量干度提高2.5%、焓值提高39 kJ/kg。输汽管道蒸汽入口焓值随着锅炉压力的提高而降低,降低锅炉出口输汽管道压力可以提高蒸汽焓值、提高末端蒸汽干度,7 MPa时干度降为2%、14 MPa时干度降为4%。

西南某成品油管道增输改造工艺优化设计

随着西南某区域社会经济的快速发展,成品油市场需求量不断扩大,现有成品油管道不能满足输送量的要求。结合已建成品油管道现状及下游市场增输要求,开展水力分析,得出增输水力计算结果,对各个站场输油泵进行校核,对已建管道进行研究分析、优化设计,针对性的提出加注减阻剂和更换输油泵改造方案,在管道安全运行的同时实现管道的增输上量。

成品油输送管道泄漏位置定位及改进方法研究

针对成品油输送管道泄漏位置定位问题,首先对负压波监测技术进行分析,在此基础上,引入流量法和激光监测法,对成品油输送管道泄漏位置定位改进方法进行研究,为及时发现成品油输送管道泄漏问题并对位置进行定位奠定基础。

成品油管道顺序输送航煤及混油界面检测技术的研究进展

航空煤油运输对民航发展至关重要。管道运输因高效和环保被视为未来趋势,但专用航煤管道建设成本高昂、经济效益低。利用现有成品油管道运输航煤成为研究重点,有助于资源优化和技术发展,支撑民航业增长。综述成品油管道输送顺序与混油检测工艺,并分析成品油管道运输工艺发展趋势。

一组成品油管道输油泵机组监造实践

在长输成品油行业,输油泵机组是核心设备,因此,保证输油泵机组生产制造过程的安全性和可靠性极为重要。本文通过输油泵机组监造实例,结合输油泵机组的产品特点,以监造计划、监造范围、监造目的和监造流程等主要内容为切入点,简述一组输油泵机组关键点监造实践过程,总结项目监造过程中发现的问题,并着重列举了其中的3个问题进行分析,对同类产品监造质量提升具有一定的实际借鉴意义。

热油管道温度场模拟研究

在热油管道输送过程中,常遇到管道停输、环境温度降低等使得管道内油品冷却的工况,当油品温度低于临界值后,其物性将发生变化,从牛顿流体转变为非牛顿流体,流动性骤然下降,甚至引发油品在管道内凝结的凝管事故。凝管事故严重时会导致整条热油管道无法使用,不仅影响了输油系统的正常运行,还可能引发火灾、爆炸等安全事故,对环境和人员安全构成威胁。热油管道水热力数值模拟是查明原油管道运行规律、安全运行边界及进行可靠性评价的重要手段,而管道径向温度场的计算模型构建是数值模拟的关键。通过构建热油管道流动和停输状态下径向温度场的精细数值仿真模型,实现热油管道内部和外部径向温度场的统一求解。与国内某热油管道现场停输数据对比,该仿真模型的误差范围小于±0.5℃;经与商业软件FLUENT对比,验证了仿真模型的准确性。

大落差对西部成品油管道投产的影响

针对西部成品油和原油管道具有的山区典型长距离大落差的特点,分析了其投产过程中大落差对管道充水阶段、设备和柴油顶水混油的影响和管道存气的可能性和危害。提出了一些在投产中由大落差导致的可能出现的问题,介绍了相关的一些量的计算方法,给出了解决方法和建议。

管道顺序输送产生混油的问题研究

综述了国内外学者对管道顺序输送产生混油问题的研究成果,对混油产生的机理、混油界面的检测方法与混油处理和切割的方法进行了研究,给出了混油量计算公式,提出了混油研究工作的建议。

兰成渝成品油管道分输调度软件的开发与应用

结合兰成渝管道实际生产需要,研发了一套与之相适应的管道分输调度软件。该软件由原始数据的输入、分输计划制定和输出三个独立模块构成。现场应用表明,该软件实用性强,用于编制和生成管输油品分输计划较为便捷、高效。该软件的应用可及时为管道经营者提供准确的管输油品的输送计划和信息,利于成品油销售商及时抓住市场契机获取更大的经济效益。

兰成渝管道杂质来源分析

通过对兰成渝管道多个站点的杂质样品进行测试分析,发现该管道杂质主要为铁锈等含铁化合物。探讨了兰成渝管道杂质的来源,对所输油品的腐蚀性和钢管内壁浮锈生成规律进行了试验研究。结果表明,兰成渝管输油品的腐蚀性较轻,管内杂质主要来源于投产前的内壁浮锈与施工期间遗留的泥沙。根据研究结论,提出了防止在管道建设与运行期间产生杂质的几点建议。

成品油管道与热原油管道同沟敷设技术研究

同沟敷设管道中成品油管道和原油管道间的传热对原油管道的运行有一定的影响。采用非结构化有限容积法,对成品油和原油管道内复杂的流动和传热问题进行了数值模拟。为了确定同沟敷设成品油管道对原油管道的影响,对相同条件下单独敷设的原油管道进行了水力和热力计算,并与同沟敷设管道的计算结果进行了对比。结果表明,两条管道的间距取1.2m时,原油管道沿线温度受成品油管道的影响较小。

地震灾害对长输油气管道的危害

介绍了地震灾害对长输油气管道三种危害方式,指出永久地面变形是造成管道失效的主要形式。列举了1971～2002年国内外地震灾害造成管道失效的典型案例,特别是阿拉斯加管道在穿越断层处采用立式支撑架的抗震设计取得了成功。分析了汶川大地震对兰成渝管道的危害形式及程度,认为滑坡和崩塌是此次地震对兰成渝造成威胁的主要灾害形式。

成品油管道应用减阻剂研究

依据减阻剂减阻机理、室内试验及现场应用情况,确定了减阻剂应用效果、管道流态和减阻剂结构必须具备的三个条件,给出了提高减阻率或增输率的方法。分析了减阻剂对成品油品质的影响,提出了实现减阻增输和水力越站时应注意的事项。