A defect of chromatogram in a 35kV oil-immersed three-phase one-piece electric reactor in a 500kV substation。The initial analysis suggests that the defect is caused by the loose connection of the iron core magnet shi...A defect of chromatogram in a 35kV oil-immersed three-phase one-piece electric reactor in a 500kV substation。The initial analysis suggests that the defect is caused by the loose connection of the iron core magnet shield (magnet shield layer of iron core or earthling top). Examination of winding DC resistance, DGA and other relevant examinations were carried out to investigate the defect reasons., which is demonstrated by the dismantlement. In-depth study is taken and corresponding prevention measures are put forward in the paper.展开更多
Functional microorganisms to high concentration phenol containing Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ were cultured and biofilm was formed on polypropylene packings in bioelectro-reactor. It was found that the biodegradation capability...Functional microorganisms to high concentration phenol containing Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ were cultured and biofilm was formed on polypropylene packings in bioelectro-reactor. It was found that the biodegradation capability of such biofilm to phenol changed with the applied voltage. Under the optimal electric field conditions （voltage of 3.0 V, electric field of strength 17.7 V/m and current density of 1.98 A/m2）, biodegradation efficiency of phenol aof concentration of 1200 mg/L increased 33% compared to the instance without applying electric field. However, voltage had inverse effect on biodegradation, as microorganisms were killed under strong electric field. Voltage had little effect on heavy ions elimination. Higher absorption rate of Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ was observed when changing pH fi＇om acidic to neutral. The experiment results indicated that, after treatment, 10 L phenol of 2400 mg/L was biodegraded completely within 55 h and concentrations of Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ dropped to less than 1 mg/L within 12 h and 6 h, fi＇om initial values of 50 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively.展开更多
Optical grade diamond, in particular, high-end products, are mainly used for aerospace and defense purposes. How to manufacture them with higher quality and lower cost was critical technology. Systematic research on t...Optical grade diamond, in particular, high-end products, are mainly used for aerospace and defense purposes. How to manufacture them with higher quality and lower cost was critical technology. Systematic research on the performance of Self-designed plasma reactor with higher power for synthesizing diamond film was carried out. Microwave input power can reach up to 10 kW, the plasma reactor has good adaptability for the deviation of microwave frequency f at 2.45 GHz ± 20 MHz. The secondary plasma could be eliminated by adjusting the working gas pressure and the cylinder adjustment structure,it is helpful to improve the deposition rate with less energy loss. The concentrated and steady plasma could be obtained device with higher gas pressure and relative lower microwave input power. Gas supply modes and inlet gas flow rate were optimized, which would be beneficial to synthesize the film with good quality.展开更多
The 21st Century era and new modern technologies surrounding us day-in and day-out have opened a new door to“Pandora Box”,that we do know it as AI(artificial intelligence)and its two essential integrated components ...The 21st Century era and new modern technologies surrounding us day-in and day-out have opened a new door to“Pandora Box”,that we do know it as AI(artificial intelligence)and its two essential integrated components namely ML(machine learning)and DL(deep learning).However,the strive and progress in AI,ML,and DL pretty much has taken over any industry that we can think of,when it comes to dealing with cloud of structured data in form of BD(big data).A NPP(nuclear power plant)has multiple complicated dynamic system-of-components that have nonlinear behaviors.For controlling the plant operation under both normal and abnormal conditions,the different systems in NPPs(e.g.,the reactor core components,primary and secondary coolant systems)are usually monitored continuously,which leads to very huge amounts of data.Of course Nuclear Power Industry in form of GEN-IV(Generation IV)has not been left behind in this 21st century era by moving out of GEN-III(Generation III)to more modulars form of GEN-IV,known as SMRs(small modular reactors),with a lot of electronic gadgets and electronics that read data and information from it to support safety of these reactor,while in operation with a built in PRA(probabilistic risk assessment),which requires augmentation of AI in them to enhance performance of human operators that are engaged with day-to-day smooth operation of these reactors to make them safe and safer as well as resilience against any natural or man-made disasters by obtaining information through ML from DL that is collecting massive stream of data coming via omni-direction.Integration of AI with HI(human intelligence)is not separable,when it comes to operation of these smart SMRs with state of the art and smart control rooms with human in them as actors.This TM(technical memorandum)is describing the necessity of AI playing with nuclear reactor power plant of GEN-IV being in operation within near term sooner than later,when specially we are facing today’s cyber-attacks with their smart malware agents at work.展开更多
Four coaxial cylinder dielectric barrier discharge micro-plasma reactors were designed for the noncatalytic decomposition of pure CO_(2) into CO and O_(2) at low temperature and ambient pressure.The influence of segme...Four coaxial cylinder dielectric barrier discharge micro-plasma reactors were designed for the noncatalytic decomposition of pure CO_(2) into CO and O_(2) at low temperature and ambient pressure.The influence of segmented outer electrodes on the electrical characteristics and the reaction performance was investigated.Experimental results indicated that the introduction of segmented outer electrodes can significantly promote the decomposition of CO_(2).Encouragingly,the highest conversion of 13.1% was obtained at an applied voltage of 18 kV,which was a substantial increase of 39.4% compared to the traditional device.Compared with other types of dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactors,the proposed segmented outer electrode micro-plasma reactor can give a higher CO_(2) conversion and acceptable energy efficiency.The increase in conversion can be attributed mainly to the enhanced corona discharge caused by the fringe effect at electrode edges,the increase in energy density and the increase in the number of micro-discharges.In addition,detailed electrical characterization was performed to reveal some trends in the electrical behavior of proposed reactors.展开更多
Fluidized bed agglomeration is an important and challenging problem for thermal cracking in fluid cokers. A low coker temperature can be problematic because the bitumen is injected into the fluidized bed with a differ...Fluidized bed agglomeration is an important and challenging problem for thermal cracking in fluid cokers. A low coker temperature can be problematic because the bitumen is injected into the fluidized bed with a different viscosity, resulting in formation of agglomerates of varying sizes, which slows the cracking reactions. In the present study, the bed material agglomeration process during nozzle injection of multi- viscosity liquid was investigated in a fluidized bed operated at different mass ratios of the atomization gas to the liquid jets （GLR= 1%-3.5%） and gas velocities （3.9Umf and 5,9Umf） based on a conductance method using a water-sand system to simulate the hot bitumen-coke system at room temperature. During the tests of liquid-jet dispersion throughout the bed, different agglomeration stages are observed at both gas velocities. The critical amount oftert-butanol in the liquid jets that could lead to severe agglomeration of the bed materials （poor fluidization） at GLR = 1% is about 10 wt% at the low fluidizing gas velocity （3.9Umf） and 18wt% at the high gas velocity （5,9Umf）. This study provides a new approach for on-line monitoring of bed agglomeration during liquid injection to guarantee perfect contact between the atomized liquid and the bed particles.展开更多
文摘A defect of chromatogram in a 35kV oil-immersed three-phase one-piece electric reactor in a 500kV substation。The initial analysis suggests that the defect is caused by the loose connection of the iron core magnet shield (magnet shield layer of iron core or earthling top). Examination of winding DC resistance, DGA and other relevant examinations were carried out to investigate the defect reasons., which is demonstrated by the dismantlement. In-depth study is taken and corresponding prevention measures are put forward in the paper.
文摘Functional microorganisms to high concentration phenol containing Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ were cultured and biofilm was formed on polypropylene packings in bioelectro-reactor. It was found that the biodegradation capability of such biofilm to phenol changed with the applied voltage. Under the optimal electric field conditions （voltage of 3.0 V, electric field of strength 17.7 V/m and current density of 1.98 A/m2）, biodegradation efficiency of phenol aof concentration of 1200 mg/L increased 33% compared to the instance without applying electric field. However, voltage had inverse effect on biodegradation, as microorganisms were killed under strong electric field. Voltage had little effect on heavy ions elimination. Higher absorption rate of Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ was observed when changing pH fi＇om acidic to neutral. The experiment results indicated that, after treatment, 10 L phenol of 2400 mg/L was biodegraded completely within 55 h and concentrations of Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ dropped to less than 1 mg/L within 12 h and 6 h, fi＇om initial values of 50 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively.
基金funded by the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation under Grant No. 2017MS0539
文摘Optical grade diamond, in particular, high-end products, are mainly used for aerospace and defense purposes. How to manufacture them with higher quality and lower cost was critical technology. Systematic research on the performance of Self-designed plasma reactor with higher power for synthesizing diamond film was carried out. Microwave input power can reach up to 10 kW, the plasma reactor has good adaptability for the deviation of microwave frequency f at 2.45 GHz ± 20 MHz. The secondary plasma could be eliminated by adjusting the working gas pressure and the cylinder adjustment structure,it is helpful to improve the deposition rate with less energy loss. The concentrated and steady plasma could be obtained device with higher gas pressure and relative lower microwave input power. Gas supply modes and inlet gas flow rate were optimized, which would be beneficial to synthesize the film with good quality.
文摘The 21st Century era and new modern technologies surrounding us day-in and day-out have opened a new door to“Pandora Box”,that we do know it as AI(artificial intelligence)and its two essential integrated components namely ML(machine learning)and DL(deep learning).However,the strive and progress in AI,ML,and DL pretty much has taken over any industry that we can think of,when it comes to dealing with cloud of structured data in form of BD(big data).A NPP(nuclear power plant)has multiple complicated dynamic system-of-components that have nonlinear behaviors.For controlling the plant operation under both normal and abnormal conditions,the different systems in NPPs(e.g.,the reactor core components,primary and secondary coolant systems)are usually monitored continuously,which leads to very huge amounts of data.Of course Nuclear Power Industry in form of GEN-IV(Generation IV)has not been left behind in this 21st century era by moving out of GEN-III(Generation III)to more modulars form of GEN-IV,known as SMRs(small modular reactors),with a lot of electronic gadgets and electronics that read data and information from it to support safety of these reactor,while in operation with a built in PRA(probabilistic risk assessment),which requires augmentation of AI in them to enhance performance of human operators that are engaged with day-to-day smooth operation of these reactors to make them safe and safer as well as resilience against any natural or man-made disasters by obtaining information through ML from DL that is collecting massive stream of data coming via omni-direction.Integration of AI with HI(human intelligence)is not separable,when it comes to operation of these smart SMRs with state of the art and smart control rooms with human in them as actors.This TM(technical memorandum)is describing the necessity of AI playing with nuclear reactor power plant of GEN-IV being in operation within near term sooner than later,when specially we are facing today’s cyber-attacks with their smart malware agents at work.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB0600701).
文摘Four coaxial cylinder dielectric barrier discharge micro-plasma reactors were designed for the noncatalytic decomposition of pure CO_(2) into CO and O_(2) at low temperature and ambient pressure.The influence of segmented outer electrodes on the electrical characteristics and the reaction performance was investigated.Experimental results indicated that the introduction of segmented outer electrodes can significantly promote the decomposition of CO_(2).Encouragingly,the highest conversion of 13.1% was obtained at an applied voltage of 18 kV,which was a substantial increase of 39.4% compared to the traditional device.Compared with other types of dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactors,the proposed segmented outer electrode micro-plasma reactor can give a higher CO_(2) conversion and acceptable energy efficiency.The increase in conversion can be attributed mainly to the enhanced corona discharge caused by the fringe effect at electrode edges,the increase in energy density and the increase in the number of micro-discharges.In addition,detailed electrical characterization was performed to reveal some trends in the electrical behavior of proposed reactors.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 51276033 and 51541608）.
文摘Fluidized bed agglomeration is an important and challenging problem for thermal cracking in fluid cokers. A low coker temperature can be problematic because the bitumen is injected into the fluidized bed with a different viscosity, resulting in formation of agglomerates of varying sizes, which slows the cracking reactions. In the present study, the bed material agglomeration process during nozzle injection of multi- viscosity liquid was investigated in a fluidized bed operated at different mass ratios of the atomization gas to the liquid jets （GLR= 1%-3.5%） and gas velocities （3.9Umf and 5,9Umf） based on a conductance method using a water-sand system to simulate the hot bitumen-coke system at room temperature. During the tests of liquid-jet dispersion throughout the bed, different agglomeration stages are observed at both gas velocities. The critical amount oftert-butanol in the liquid jets that could lead to severe agglomeration of the bed materials （poor fluidization） at GLR = 1% is about 10 wt% at the low fluidizing gas velocity （3.9Umf） and 18wt% at the high gas velocity （5,9Umf）. This study provides a new approach for on-line monitoring of bed agglomeration during liquid injection to guarantee perfect contact between the atomized liquid and the bed particles.
