The Role of Ethanolic Extracts of Leaves and Roots of <i>Lantana camara</i>(L.) in the Management of Pests of Okra <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>(L.) Moench

The cultivation of many crops in Africa is negatively affected by a number of constraints, the most important of which is the incidence of pests and diseases. In many areas of the world, the most preferred option in the management of pests is the application of synthetic chemical pesticides. Due to the negative effects of pesticides on humans and the environment as a whole, efforts are being made to find alternatives for pest management. Ethanolic extracts of the leaves and roots of Lantana camara were tested against the major pests of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus. The plant extracts were compared with a standard chemical insecticide, Mektin (a.i 18 g/L abamectin) in a randomly complete block design with four treatments and three replications. Parameters studied included the major pests of the plant and the damage caused, leaf area, plant height as well as yield of okra. Cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii, the tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci and the cotton flea beetle, Podagrica puncticollis were the major pests encountered on okra plants. Aphis gossypii and B. tabaci populations were significantly lower on the L. camara-sprayed plots compared with the control plots. Similarly, P. puncticollis numbers were significantly smaller on the L. camara-sprayed plots than the control plots. There were no significant differences between the treatments and the control for plant height, leaf area and yield. The significant reduction in pests numbers on the L. camara-sprayed plots indicates its potential as an alternative to chemical insecticides, thereby reducing the reliance on chemical insecticides in the management of insect pests.

Agro Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of Three Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] Varieties from Zinder (Niger) for Yield and Other Variability Components

Okra, (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), is grown as a sole crop and as a field crop in Niger. In the present study, three okra varieties from Zinder region in Niger Republic have been assessed for their agronomic performance traits. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the dry season 2018-2019. The following characters were evaluated: emergence;germination;boutonization flowering;fructificaion;height at flowering;height at maturity;length of the petiole;diameter of leaves;diameter of plants;number of fruits;number of fruit per branch;total number of fruits;number of branch, number of leaves;length of fruits;diameter of fruits;number of arrets;weight of fruits;weight of seed, number of seeds. The collected data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using XlStat version 7.1 and the means separated by using Turkey’s Method. Analysis of Principal components (PCA) using R software was also performed on the variables. There were significant differences for all characters except emergence, germination, diameter of plants, number of fruits, total number of fruits and diameter of fruits. The multivariate analysis by the ACP showed a grouping of the varieties in three groups. The three okra varieties have revealed good performances and could be useful for a breeding program. The study of the water needs of the varieties will be very interesting to make a better selection of the collection.

Insect Pests Control of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) by Using Plant Aqueous Extracts in Korhogo Area (Northern Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa)

In this study,we monitored for the impact of three aqueous extracts of plants(Azadirachta indica,Hyptis suaveolens and Solanum lycopersicum)on insect pests abundance in okra(Abelmoschus esculentus L.)crop,compared to a synthetic chemical«SAUVEUR 62 EC»,having as active ingredients,acetamiprid 32g/l and Lambda-cyhalothrin 30g/l.Foliar applications by these extracts were done using manual sprayers.After treatment,the insects were caught using two methods(pitfall traps and colored bowls traps).A total of 6505 insects belonging to nine orders were recorded in four plots.The plot 1(9 orders)was the most diverse,followed by the plot 3(8 orders),the plot 2 and 4(7 orders respectively).Coleoptera,Lepidoptera,Diptera,Orthoptera and Hemiptera were the most frequents.The chemical treatment has impacted significantly the number of orders(p<0.05)but,the insect abundance was impacted significantly by the different biological treatments(p<0.05).This study showed that the aqueous extract of Solanum lycopercicum was more effective on the abundance of pests belonging to Hemiptera,while the aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica and Hyptis suaveolens were effectives on the abundance of pests belonging to Coleoptera.The chemical treatment was effective on the pests belonging to both orders.

Research Progress of Bioactive Substances and Processing of Abelmoschus esculentus L.

Okra （Abelmoschus esculentus L. ） is a novel heahhcare vegetable that has been developed rapidly in recent years in China. It contains abundant bioactive substances with significant heahbeare functions. So far, many domestic research institutions have carried out researches about the extraction technology of bioactive substances and their heahhcare functions. At present, tender pods and other organs of A. esculentus are mainly used freshly and directly, but rare products have been processed and developed. In this paper, the research progress of bioactive substances and processing ofA. esculentus was summarized, aiming at providing reference for the deep processing and comprehensive utilization of A. escu/entus in the future in China.

OKRA (HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS) AND FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM GRACEUM) MUCILAGE:CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION AS FLOCCULANTS FOR TEXTILE EFFLUENT TREATMENTS

The use of new food grade polysaccharides (mucilage) obtained from Hibiscus esculentus and Trigonella foenum graceum,commonly called Okra and Fenugreek,respectively,as flocculants was described.These polysaccharides were used for removal of solids (suspended solids (SS) and total dissolved solids (TDS)) and dyes from real textile effluents and aqueous solutions of different class of synthetic dyes.Influences of varying polysaccharide concentration,contact time and pH on removal of pollutant from the textile...

Effect of Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil on Germination and Growth Performance of <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>L. Moench—A Widely Cultivated Vegetable Crop in Nigeria

This study investigated the effect of crude oil-contaminated soil on the germination and growth performance of Abelmoschus esculentus, a widely cultivated vegetable crop in Nigeria. The experiment was conducted in the Screen House, under controlled environmental conditions. The seedling emergence percentage, heights and girths were studied to determine the growth performance of the crop in crude oil-contaminated soil. The result of the investigation revealed that the crude oil-contaminated soil affects the growth performance of Abelmoschus esculentus L. as hindered germination, reduced heights and girths were observed in the crop planted in treated soil and this adversely and severely affects the crop agronomic growth and development and probably its yield. Therefore, contamination of agricultural soils with crude oil should be avoided and public awareness should be created on the detrimental effects of crude oil pollution in our terrestrial ecosystem. Innovative and environmental-friendly remediation strategies should be carried out on our agricultural soils that have been grossly polluted by crude oil exploitation and exploration.

A Review on Ethnomedicinal, Pharmacological, Phytochemical and Pharmaceutical Profile of Lady’s Finger (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>L.) Plant

Abelmoschus is a genus of about fifteen species belongs to the family Malvaceae. The herb, popularly known as Lady’s Finger or Okra (in English) is a nutritional source used for both medicinal and culinary purposes. The plant is widely distributed from Africa to Asia, Southern Europe, and America. This comprehensive account provides a botanical description of the plant, its phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities focusing anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-adhesive, gastro-protective, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulating actions. Most of the pharmacological effects can be explained by the constituents like tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids and glycosides present in all plant parts. However, future efforts should concentrate more on in vitro and in vivo studies and also on clinical trials in order to confirm traditional wisdom in the light of a rational phytotherapy. The present review is an overview of phytochemistry and ethnopharmacological studies that support many of the traditional?ethnomedicinal uses of the plant.

Compounds from the flowers and fruits of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

The Abelmoschus esculentus(L.)Moench was previously reported to have various phytochemicals.Chemical fractionation yielded from the ethanolic extract of the A.esculentus ten compounds,including four alkaloids(4-6,8)and six phenolic acids(1-3,7,9-10).The structures of the compounds were elucidated through extensive spectra analyses and comparison of the experimental data with reported data.It is worth mentioning that compounds 1,2 and 5-10 were isolated from Abelmoschus esculentus(L.)for the first time.

Epidemiology of Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (OYVMV) and Its Management through Tracer, Mycotal and Imidacloprid

Field trials were conducted to evaluate the epidemiological factors of okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV). Four varieties of okra were subjected to screening and evaluation of the chemicals. The variety Saloni F1 was highly resistant while Subz Pari was moderately resistant. Diksha was the tolerant variety while Lush Green was moderately susceptible. The chemical Imidacloprid was most effective to control whitefly population and okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV). Correlation of environmental factors (maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) with percent plant infection of okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV) was also determined. There was a significant correlation between environment and disease severity.

木质化秋葵均一多糖的理化特性及结构表征研究

文章以木质化秋葵为原料,采用水提醇沉法和DEAE-Cellulose阴离子交换层析法获取木质化秋葵纯化多糖AP1-c,并对AP1-c的理化性质和结构进行研究。结果表明,AP1-c是分子量为658 kDa的均一多糖,总糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质的质量分数分别为95.36%、24.83%、0.72%。傅里叶变换红外(Fourier transform infrared,FTIR)光谱分析表明AP1-c具有典型的多糖特征吸收峰。单糖组成结果显示,AP1-c主要由半乳糖(Gal)、鼠李糖(Rha)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)和葡萄糖(Glc)组成,摩尔比为1.85∶1.00∶0.24∶0.67。甲基化分析表明AP1-c主要存在5种糖苷键连接方式,分别为1,3,4-linked-Rha p、1-linked-Ara f、1,4-linked-Gal p、1-linked-Gal p、1,6-linked-Glc p,对应的摩尔比为2.9∶1.6∶2.7∶2.3∶0.7。结合化学和仪器方法可推断出AP1-c的主链由→3,4)-α-D-Rha p-(1→、→4)-β-D-Gal p-(1→组成,而支链包括α-L-Ara f-(1→、β-D-Gal p-(1→、→6)-β-D-Glc p-(1→。研究结果为木质化秋葵的开发利用奠定了理论基础。

基于灰色关联分析的黄秋葵品种综合评估

【目的】综合评估黄秋葵品种的主要农艺性状,筛选出适合三亚地区种植的黄秋葵品种。【方法】在三亚地区进行黄秋葵品种田间比较试验,采用灰色关联分析法对供试8个黄秋葵品种的产量、果重、果长、果宽、单株结果数、株幅、节间长、始花期、果实蓟马危害指数及始花节位等10个主要农艺性状进行综合评价。【结果】各供试品种综合性状的等权关联度排序为幸福2号>幸福3号>五福>绿秋葵>幸福1号>9号>红秋葵>泰国Okra,综合性状的加权关联度排序为幸福2号>幸福3号>9号>五福>幸福1号>绿秋葵>泰国Okra>红秋葵。其中幸福2号和幸福3号综合性状表现优良,排序靠前,泰国Okra和红秋葵综合性状表现不理想,排序靠后。综合性状的加权关联度排序更符合田间观测结果。【结论】以灰色关联分析法评估选出的幸福2号和幸福3号黄秋葵品种综合性状表现优,适合在三亚地区推广种植。

黄秋葵种子的挥发油和脂肪酸GC-MS分析

采用溶剂提取法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取黄秋葵(Abelmoschus esculentus L.)种子中的脂肪酸和挥发油,运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用仪进行分析。结果表明,从黄秋葵种子挥发油中共鉴定出11种化合物,其中正癸烷含量最高,达21.180%;从黄秋葵种子脂肪酸中鉴定出13种脂肪酸,主要是不饱和脂肪酸,含量最高的为亚油酸,占总量的40.225%。黄秋葵种子中的挥发油和脂肪酸成分值得进一步研究。

干旱对黄秋葵的影响

[目的]研究在土壤干旱条件下不同黄秋葵种质生长和光合作用的差别。[方法]以22个黄秋葵种质为材料,采用干旱伤害率分析法,对其抗旱性进行评价。[结果]干旱对004-5的株高,生物产量和光合作用的伤害率低,对B015的伤害率高;土壤相对含水量下降到30%～35%时,各种质光合指标的日均值有明显差异。[结论]004-5的抗旱性最强,B015对干旱最敏感。

黄秋葵在攀西地区的试种表现

试种结果表明,黄秋葵在四川攀西地区丰产性好,是一种有巨大潜力的新型蔬菜。

响应面优化超声波辅助[Bmim]Cl-K2HPO4双水相提取黄秋葵多糖

【目的】探讨超声波辅助[Bmim]Cl-K2HPO4提取黄秋葵多糖的最佳工艺。【方法】采用浊点滴定法,比较[Bmim]Cl-(NH4)2SO4、[Bmim]Cl-Na2HPO4、[Bmim]Cl-Na2CO3和[Bmim]Cl-K2HPO4等4种双水相体系的分相能力与萃取能力,确定[Bmim]Cl-K2HPO4为最佳双水相体系。以黄秋葵Abelmoschus esculentus为原料,采用超声波辅助[Bmim]Cl-K2HPO4提取黄秋葵多糖,探讨K2HPO4质量分数、提取时间、提取温度、液固比、[Bmim]Cl质量分数等5个单因素对提取率的影响。在各单因素试验最佳条件的基础上,进行响应面Box-Behnken设计,优化黄秋葵多糖提取工艺。【结果】各因素对提取率影响大小依次为液固比、[Bmim]Cl质量分数、提取温度、提取时间、K2HPO4质量分数;最佳工艺条件为5 mL质量分数71.94%的离子液体[Bmim]Cl,5 mL质量分数22.31%的K2HPO4双水相体系中,提取时间29.36 min,提取温度55.69℃,液固比25.00 mL·g^−1,黄秋葵多糖提取率为29.12%。验证平均值为31.22%,相对标准偏差为3.70%。【结论】超声波辅助[Bmim]Cl-K2HPO4提取工艺具有提取率高、时间短、离子液体可回收等优点,可用于工业化生产。

黄秋葵新品种引种比较试验初报

黄秋葵(Abelmoschus esculentus L.)是一种具有较高营养价值的新型蔬菜,其花、果、茎、叶、种子均具有不同应用价值,经济价值较高。为丰富黑龙江省蔬菜种植品种类型,引进18个黄秋葵新品种,从品质、产量、熟期、抗病性等方面筛选出3个品种适合在黑龙江省推广种植,分别为Ok12、Ok13、Ok15。

不同秋葵品种的生育特性和营养品质比较研究

以秋葵[Abelmoschus esculentus(L.)Moench]品种五福(A.esculentus cv.Wufu)、五星(A.esculentus cv.Gosei)、南洋(A.esculentus cv.Nanyang)、红娇1号(A.esculentus cv.Akaokura beni)为试材,测定了4个秋葵品种的生育特性、形态特征、营养品质,并用隶属函数法对营养品质进行了综合分析。结果表明,红娇1号含水量最高(91.5%),黄酮类似物含量最高(3.0%),果胶含量和蛋白质含量均较高[21.5%、2.0 mg/100 g(FW)],因此推荐为市场首选;其次,五福和五星的果胶含量类似(22.5%、22.6%),含水量也一致(90.4%),但低于红娇1号,因此应该成为市场的第二选择;而南洋品种的含水量、黄酮类似物含量、蛋白质和果胶含量均最低,因此应该逐渐被市场淘汰。

不同黄秋葵籽粒产量与品质比较

以不同来源的6个黄秋葵品种(咔里巴、ACF、红秋葵、杨贵妃、白秋葵、纤指)为研究材料,初步测定了籽粒产量、产量构成因素、含油率、蛋白质含量、脂肪酸含量和氨基酸含量。结果表明:杨贵妃的籽粒产量最高,纤指的蛋白质含量最高;6个品种籽粒的平均含油率为19.37%,供试品种籽粒中亚油酸含量最高;在黄秋葵籽粒中检测到17种氨基酸,其中谷氨酸含量最高。

黄秋葵种子中咖啡碱的提取方法研究

[目的]探讨黄秋葵（Abelmoschus esculentus）种子中咖啡碱的提取方法,为其进一步开发利用奠定基础。[方法]采用微波提取法、回流提取法和超声提取法3种方法提取黄秋葵种子中的咖啡碱,并采用可见-紫外分光光度法测定其含量。[结果]采用微波提取法时,在中等功率、微波时间8 min条件下,所得的咖啡碱的得率最高,为0.149%。采用回流提取法时,在提取剂水∶乙醇为1∶2、提取时间为1 h条件下,所得的咖啡碱的得率最高,为0.156%。采用超声提取法时,在提取剂用量为25 ml、超声时间为30 min条件下,所得的咖啡碱的得率最高,为0.142%。[结论]该研究得出了采用微波提取法、回流提取法和超声提取法提取黄秋葵种子中咖啡碱含量的最方便最有效的提取方法,可为黄秋葵种子中有效成分提取方面的研究奠定基础。

黄秋葵水提物抗运动疲劳作用研究

目的:观察黄秋葵水提物对实验动物的抗疲劳效果。方法:制备黄秋葵全果水提物,测定提取物中功效成分含量,分别以4、8 g/kg体重/d灌胃21 d,通过小鼠跑台力竭实验和负重游泳力竭实验,结合疲劳相关的生化指标的测定,观察黄秋葵水提物的抗疲劳效果。结果:黄秋葵水提物中含多糖101.1 mg/g,总黄酮3.37 g/100 g,总氨基酸42.4 g/100 g,黄秋葵水提物可显著延长小鼠跑台力竭时间(P≤0.01),8 g/kg黄秋葵水提物还可显著延长负重游泳时间(P≤0.01),显著降低疲劳状态下血清尿素氮(BUN)和血清乳酸(LA)含量。结论:黄秋果具有良好的抗疲劳效果。