The Evolution of Regional Economic Resilience in the Old Industrial Bases in China: A Case Study of Liaoning Province, China

The economic transformation of the old industrial bases is a key research topic among geographers in China.In this paper,we propose that the concept of regional economic resilience(RER)has unique theoretical value in analyzing the economic transformation of the old industrial bases.We constructed an analytical framework and an index system and applied the conceptual tools to study the evolution of RER in the old industrial base of Liaoning Province in China,which is currently subjected to not only sudden shocks but‘slow burn’—longer term processes of change that may nevertheless affect the regional economy.There are four main findings:first,the evolution of RER in Liaoning can be divided into four stages from 2000 to 2015.Liaoning is currently in its conservation-release period,and the next stage will be a release-reorganization period.Second,the RER of the majority of the studied cities is lower than the average value for Liaoning,and this is mainly attributed to the relatively weak vulnerability-resistance and adaptability-transformation capacity of these cities.Third,the RER levels of the 14 cities in Liaoning differ significantly.At the first level is Shenyang and Dalian,at the second level is Dandong and Yingkou,and the third level comprises the remaining cities.Fourth,regional economic resilience is mainly determined by vulnerability-resistance,which indirectly reflects Liaoning’s lack of adaptability-transformation capacity,and the ability of the region to renew or create a new development path is weak.

Revitalizing Old Industrial Base of Northeast China:Process, Policy and Challenge

Northeast China is the largest old industrial base of China that endured persistent influence of the past planned economy system. This region has lost its leading place since the reform and opening up, and became a backward region by contrast with the coastal areas. This paper elaborates the evolutionary process of the old industrial base of Northeast China, analyses the main reasons for the decline, gives a preliminary evaluation on the revitalizing polices in recent years, and points out major long-term challenges for future revitalization. It concludes that for Northeast China, a relative declining area: 1) it is indispensable to get the long-term policy support from the central government; 2) system reform and structure adjustment are the crucial strategies, particularly the reform of the large and medium state-owned enterprises; and devel-oping new industries is as important as upgrading traditional advantaged industries; 3) the local governments should play an indirect role, avoiding from any unnecessary intervention on economic activity; and 4) social security and investment climate must be improved simultaneously. In addition, the author stresses that the lack of knowledge on the nature of old industrial base had led to failures of the past initiatives, and revitalizing the old industrial base should be treated as a holis-tic regional project including economy growth, society progress and environment improvement.

Spatial-temporal Pattern Evolution of Manufacturing Geographical Agglomeration and Influencing Factors of Old Industrial Base:A Case of Jilin Province,China

The primary object of this paper is to examine the spatial-temporal pattern evolution of manufacturing geographical agglomeration of the old industrial base.Industrial spatial agglomeration index and concentration ratio are used in this paper.Multiple linear regression models are also applied to try to explore the internal driving mechanisms on manufacturing geographical agglomeration.The results show that:1) the manufacturing agglomeration degree of Jilin Province is increasing gradually.The spatial polarization structure is visible;and the central region is the agglomeration area,in addition,the manufacturing industries of Changchun Proper present a trend of dispersion;2) the structure of manufacturing industries has changed,and the concentration ratio of labor-intensive manufacturing industry is declining,while the proportions of technology-intensive and capital-intensive manufacturing industry are relatively rising;3) marketing level,location accessibility,labor resources,capital,science and technology innovation capability,scale economy and the level of globalization affect manufacturing agglomeration with different degree.There are significant differences of the effects about employment,technology,the quality of residents and the export-oriented market on the industrial concentration ratio;4) in the future,the impact of policy and institution,export-oriented market and quality of resident on manufacturing geographical agglomeration pattern will be more profound.

Agricultural Ecological Zoning Plan of Old Industrial Bases in Liaoning Province, China

On the basis of brief description of current situation of old industrial bases and primary industry of Liaoning Province, the paper introduces the general situation of agriculture-ecological zoning plan in Liaoning Province. First, the ecological bases of agricultural zoning plan are introduced through various topographic and geomorphic types, regional climate differences and imbalanced distribution of natural resources; Second, in accordance with the theory of comparative advantage, distribution of production and resource economics, on the basis of comprehensive evaluation of agricultural natural resources, with the principle of fully excavating economic function of different natural resources, and in order to improve allocation efficiency of the two resources of market and government, the formation of ecological zoning plan of agriculture in Liaoning Province is analyzed; Third, according to Regional Layout Planning of Characteristic Agricultural Products of Liaoning Province (2006-2010), the paper describes basic layout of agriculture-ecological zoning plan in Liaoning Province. The policy support of agriculture-ecological zoning plan in Liaoning Province is analyzed from three aspects-support policy of functional zone major in producing grain, support policy of other characteristic agriculture-ecological zone and support measures of development of agriculture-ecological zone. The paper also analyzes experiences of agricultural development of old industrial bases in ecological zoning plan: First, agriculture-ecological zoning plan is a effective way of the revitalization of old industrial bases; Second, scientificity of plan is the basis of improving competitiveness of regional agriculture; Third, multi-input mechanism guiding by government is the key of agricultural packing effect; Fourth, integrated agricultural industrial chain is guarantee of realizing industrialization in ecological zone.

The Rising,Recession and Revitalization of the Traditional Industrial Base in the Northeastern United States

The distribution of American industries has been unbalanced and most of the early industrial regions were centered in northeastern America.The northeastern traditional industrial base once was called"manufacturing belt".Since the 1950s,old industrial bases in the United States have been under recession.The northeastern region was then even called"rust belt".Some issues and measures of policy were set up by the government to adjust and restructure the old industrial bases,and some are useful experience and inspirations for our country,such as setting up special branches and organizations,establishing and implementing strategic planning for the adjustment and restructure of old industrial bases,adjusting the industrial branch and system,emphasizing on environment control and preservation and so on was achieved.Learning the successful experience from America,effective countermeasures and steps must be taken to accelerate the revival of the old industrial base in Northeastern China.

Effects of the Northeast China Revitalization Strategy on Regional Economic Growth and Social Development

Measuring the economic and social effects of the Northeast China Revitalization Strategy is critical to addressing regional sustainable development in China. To shed light on this issue, an integrated perspective was adopted that is combined with the difference-in-differences method to measure the effects of the strategy on economic growth and social development in Northeast China. The findings suggest that the strategy has significantly improved regional economic growth and per-capita income by increasing its gross domestic product(GDP) and GDP per capita by 25.70% and 46.00%, respectively. However, the strategy has significantly worsened the regional employment in the secondary industry of the region. In addition, the strategy has not significantly improved regional infrastructural road, education investment or social security, and has had no significant effect on mitigating regional disparity. In addition, the policy effects are highly heterogeneous across cities based on city size and characteristics. Therefore, there is no simple answer regarding whether the Northeast China Revitalization Strategy has reached its original goals from an integrated perspective. The next phase of the strategy should emphasize improving research and development(R&D) and human capital investments based on urban heterogeneity to prevent conservative path-dependency and the lock-in of outdated technologies.

东北老工业基地文化融入高职思政课的思考

在东北老工业基地发展历史中融入先进的马克思主义理论和新时代中国特色社会主义理论,能够增强思政课的思想深度。深入挖掘东北老工业基地文化资源的深厚底蕴,以其蕴含的丰富教育资源拓展思想政治教育理论课内容,通过思政教育基地参观、红色故事、劳模人物等实践形式拓展内容广度,进一步巩固思想政治教育在文化传承方面所具有的独特价值和学科优势。

“一带一路”视阈下“哈长一体化”建设探究

“一带一路”倡议实施以来,推进了新时代的经济全球化,给包括中国在内的“一带一路”沿线国家和世界的经济发展提供了巨大的历史机遇,也为处于东北老工业基地振兴背景下哈长一体化的快速推进搭建了巨大的舞台。对哈长一体化建设的重要意义和哈长一体化融入“一带一路”面临的挑战进行深入分析,提出哈长一体化融入“一带一路”倡议的具体实施路径,对内练好“内功”,提高哈长城市群的整体竞争力;对外抓住机遇,积极拓展外部发展空间。

东北老工业基地城市收缩对生态环境质量演变的影响效应

处于转型过程中的老工业城市是易发生收缩的典型城市,该类城市的能源消耗、污染物排放与环境恶化程度往往高于其他城市,因此城市收缩影响下的老工业基地生态环境质量演变问题值得进一步探讨。本文基于PSR模型,利用熵值法测算2011—2020年东北老工业基地收缩城市的生态环境质量水平,分析了收缩城市生态环境质量的时空演变特征,并探讨了城市收缩对生态环境质量演变的影响效应。结果显示:①收缩城市生态环境质量水平整体不高,呈波动上升趋势,研究期内与增长城市的差距逐渐减小。生态环境质量改善程度与城市收缩程度呈显著的空间正相关关系。②城市收缩程度对生态环境质量的影响具有阶段性差异,在城市收缩的初期、中期、后期依次表现为无显著影响、负向影响和正向影响。③从全局角度来看,城市收缩程度对收缩城市生态环境质量演变具有显著的正向影响,财政水平和资源依赖程度对其作用机制存在门槛调节效应。

数字基础设施建设促进了能源效率提升吗?——基于“宽带中国”示范城市建设的准自然实验

数字基础设施建设不仅能够促进数字经济发展,还会产生诸多积极的经济社会效应。以三批次开展的“宽带中国”示范城市建设为准自然实验,采用2006-2019年282个城市的面板数据,通过渐进DID模型评估数字基础设施建设对能源效率的政策效应,结果发现:“宽带中国”示范城市建设显著促进了示范城市的能源效率提升,但也存在显著的城市异质性,表现为对非资源型城市、非老工业基地城市、东部城市的能源效率具有显著的提升作用,而对资源型城市、老工业基地城市、中西部城市的能源效率没有显著影响;“宽带中国”示范城市建设可以通过促进绿色技术创新来提高能源效率,并会强化能源效率提升的经济增长促进效应。可见,数字基础设施的完善不仅能够直接促进经济增长,而且可以提高能源效率,还会强化能源效率提升对经济增长的促进作用。因此,应进一步加大数字基础设施建设力度,并充分发挥其各种积极效应;不同的城市应基于自身的资源禀赋及发展条件寻求差异化的发展路径,并促使数字基础设施建设能够切实有效地提高发展质量。

“一带一路”倡议下东北老工业基地全面振兴实现新突破:重要性、潜力优势、突破方向、难点及实现路径

“一带一路”倡议下东北老工业基地全面振兴有助于为东北经济高质量发展培育新的经济增长极,提高东北老工业基地人民群众的生活质量,改善东北老工业基地的投资环境,为推进东北老工业基地全面振兴取得新突破提供了积极助力。文章通过对“一带一路”倡议下东北老工业基地全面振兴实现新突破的重要性、潜力优势、突破方向、面临的难点分析,进一步提出“一带一路”倡议下东北老工业基地全面振兴实现新突破的路径,旨在更高质量地推进东北老工业基地全面振兴,深化“一带一路”倡议,促进东北老工业基地全面振兴取得新突破。

振兴东北老工业基地的新型城市化战略

依据东北地区城市化现状特点、问题、趋势和城市化相关理论,提出振兴东北老工业基地要采取与新型工业化战略相适应的新型城市化战略。该战略的总体目标是把东北老工业基地建设成现代化的人居环境系统,构建“三圈一带”为主的空间骨架。从资源型城市经济转型、大城市老工业区改造、大都市圈产业集聚与空间重组、乡村城镇化、城市信息化和城市生态环境整治与人居环境建设6个方面论述了新型城市化的战略重点及其对策。

东北老工业基地国有企业高层管理者胜任力模型

运用文献检索、关键行为事件访谈、问卷调查、多元统计分析等方法,对东北老工业基地国有企业高层管理者的胜任力模型进行了研究.调查得到有效问卷203份,运用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,得出具有东北区域特征和国有企业特征的,包括个人成熟、战略决策能力、分析与概念性思维、团队领导、协调监控能力、关系能力、洞察力、影响力和个人驱力九类因素的东北老工业基地国有企业高层管理者胜任力结构模型.

论东北老工业基地全面振兴中的软环境建设与优化策略

全面振兴东北老工业基地需要创造良好的发展环境。当前东北老工业基地经济社会发展的困境与软环境建设滞后有直接的关系。文章阐述了东北地区在经济增长、人口形势与产业结构等方面面临的困境,分析了该地区在思想环境、市场环境、政务环境、政策环境、信用环境、法治环境、社会环境等普遍存在的问题,指出东北地区软环境建设滞后的根源在于政府在软环境建设中的主体责任不明晰,突出表现为政府职能转变不到位。作为推动国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的责任主体,政府应成为东北老工业基地软环境建设的规划者、引导者、组织者和监管者。通过树立软环境建设第一责任人意识、推进政府职能转变、加强绩效考核和行政问责来完善制约东北老工业基地发展的体制机制,打造适应经济新常态的区域软环境高地,推动东北老工业基地经济社会可持续发展。

东北地区陆地生态系统生产力及其人口承载力分析

日益增长的人口及其生存环境问题已经成为人类社会生存与可持续发展的关键,亦是区域生态承载力的重要指标。生态系统生产力及其人口承载力研究不仅可以弄清某一区域所能承载的最大人口数量,而且能为农业生态系统的宏观调控和长远发展规划提供依据。东北老工业基地地处地球环境变化速率最大的东亚季风区,以气候变暖为标志的全球变化必将影响东北地区生态承载力,进而影响该地区的人口承载力。该研究基于10km×10km分辨率的东北地区1980～2002年共23年的气象资料,结合植物生理生态特点和水热平衡关系建立的自然植被净第一性生产力模型和农业生产力模型,借助于地理信息系统软件,分析了东北地区4类生态系统类型:森林、农田、草地和湿地的生产力及其动态,指出东北地区近23年来年均气温呈显著上升趋势、年降水总体上呈减少趋势。23年来东北地区植被年均总生产力为3.52×1011kgDM.a-1,其中森林、农田、草地和湿地的年均总生产力分别为1.53×1011、4.55×1010、1.07×1011和4.63×1010kgDM.a-1,森林、农田、草地和湿地的平均生产力为5.73×103、1.84×103、5.64×103和5.55×103kgDM.hm-2.a-1。在此基础上,以第一性生产-第二性生产之间的生态适应性和能量-物质流平衡(在食物链上传递机制)为主线,通过对第一性生产力在人类直接消费与第二性生产之间以及各畜群(猪、肉牛羊、禽、奶牛和水产品(鱼))之间的分配,估算了1980～2002年东北地区在宽裕型、小康型与富裕型3种消费水平下,不输出商品粮和每年向国家提供350×108kg商品粮条件下的年均总人口承载力分别为2.61×108、2.15×108和1.77×108;和1.70×108、1.40×108和1.15×108。因此,要确保东北地区每年向国家提供350×108kg的商品粮,且在未来东北地区的生活水平要达到富裕型水平,必须控制人口数量。在此基础上,根据2020、2050、2070和2100年的气候预估资料,预测了2020、2050、2070和2100年东北地区在宽裕型、小康型和富裕型3种消费水平下的人口承载力分别为2.73×108、2.25×108和1.85×108;2.88×108、2.38×108和1.95×108;3.03×108、2.49×108和2.05×108;以及3.09×108、2.55×108和2.09×108。该研究可为东北地区及各省的生态建设与土地资源可持续利用提供参考。

东北老工业基地城市群组结构和功能优化的初步研究

东北地区城市群组应围绕老工业基地振兴和新型工业基地建设的任务,在新型工业化和城市化发展目标下,调整结构、优化功能。辽中南城市群应在继续重化工业和装备制造业方向的同时强化效益和效率机制;吉中城市组群应在坚持汽车工业和新兴工业部门方向的同时强化城际之间的行业联系;哈大齐以及黑龙江东北城市组群则应做好资源接续产业和新兴产业的培育工作。在结构调整和功能优化过程中,还要注意加强城市群组内部城市职能分工,加速产业结构与产品结构的梯度转移,逐步弱化不同等级城市间纵向联系的行政隶属关系,进一步强化同一等级城市间的横向联系,在城市群组之间亦形成良性的竞争和合作关系,为新型工业基地建设和东北地区经济发展提供空间载体。

基于上市公司交叉持股网络的区域发展政策成效

选择沪深两市2000~2009年的上市公司的数据,将上市公司按其所在省份进行划分。以某一省的所有上市公司对另一省的所有上市公司的投资来反映这两省之间的相互投资关系。实际数据证实了省间的相互投资网络属于典型的稀疏型无标度网络,网络中存在相对较多的hub节点。通过聚类分析、绘制网络图的方式研究了网络的变化趋势,证明了西部大开发政策和振兴东北老工业基地政策对缩小中国各省之间的贫富差距的成效并不显著。其中,辽宁是振兴东北老工业基地政策最大的受益者。最后,通过计算网络中西部省份、东北三省与其地区间的相互投资总额,证实了西部大开发政策从2005年开始取得了一定的成效,证明了宏观经济政策的效果逐渐显现。

休斯敦、鲁尔和洛林的转型策略及启示

通过分析休斯敦、鲁尔和洛林三座矿业城市实现可持续发展的经验,总结出其中系统论的观点。结合中国国情,在统筹兼顾的原则下,提出矿业城市在转型中要注重政府与企业互动,转型过程要与劳动力就业接续相结合、与职工技能培训相结合、与大中型企业体制创新相结合、与矿区环境整治相结合等具体建议。

东北老工业基地城市转型的规划思考——以《鞍山市城市总体规划(2013-2020)》为例

自"一五"时期开始,我国独立完整工业体系的建设带动了一批工业基地发展、壮大,相应形成了一批老工业基地城市。在长期偏重工矿业发展之后,在世界工业体系转型升级的新形势下,这些老工业基地城市普遍面临着转型发展的历史性难题。本文基于对辽宁省鞍山市的分析,认为老工业基地城市转型发展的成功与否,取决于工业基地建设与城市综合发展是否协调,基地与城市之间是否良好互动。通过对鞍钢工业基地与鞍山城市的关系梳理,分析了鞍山产业结构单一、就业岗位不足、环境污染以及单位制社会等诸多方面难题,从总体规划层面提出从下列路径来实现鞍山老工业基地城市逐步转型升级:面向区域寻找产业转型动力;同步推进主导产业的精深化与产业结构多元化;调控矿山开采,加强生态治理;改造社区空间,改善人居环境。

东北城市组群整合关系及其调控机制——以长春市、吉林市为例

中国东北是城市化水平较高、城市组群发育较多的老工业区。作者以东北地区中部的一组近域城市——长春和吉林两市为例,以老工业基地改造与振兴为背景,分析了其近年呈现强劲势头的整合发展现象,并从理论与实际相结合的高度,规律性地总结了城市组群整合发展关系的演化过程和一般模式。论文指出:中国的城市整合发展历程始于20世纪90年代,目前还处于发展初期,整体考虑城市组群地域的长远战略,合理组织组群城市在区域中的分工,追求双赢和共同发展是最佳选择;城市组群的整合关系主要体现在发展类型关系、发展模式关系和空间关系三个方面,而且这种类型、模式和空间关系往往随着城市组群整合发展关系的逐渐深入而向深层次演化;城市整合发展关系的调控有三种机制:行政协调机制、协商机制和市场协调机制。从我国的国情和城市整合发展现状及趋势来看,这三种协调机制必须同时存在,共同发挥作用,但是不同时期各种机制的作用和地位有所不同。