Improving the Quality of Public Space in Old Residential Areas Based on Superposition and Intervention:A Case Study of Baihuazhou District of Nanchang City

With the development of cities,China has entered an era of stock planning.The functions of old residential areas in urban development can no longer meet the needs of residents in the new era for a better life,and new standards have been put forward for the quality of public spaces for living.This paper analyzes and sorts out the characteristics and problems of the public space in the old residential areas of Baihuazhou district.Combining superposition and intervention techniques,the spatial,historical,cultural and other characteristic elements of the residential areas are preserved to the greatest extent.The public space in the old residential areas of Baihuazhou District is updated and reconstructed in order to achieve the goal of improving the quality of its public space.

Research on Evaluation of Green Land System in Old Residential Areas

Development of residential areas in China had been divided into three stages, and the paper had pointed out that China now highlighted living but neglected environment. The paper had concluded major existing problems of green lands in residential areas, and based on this, it considered that it was necessary to launch an evaluation on green land system in residential areas. It had analyzed identification of evaluation system indexes and weights, and proposed an evaluation system model. Furthermore, by taking "Hayiji" residential area for example, it had illustrated the application of the evaluation system of green lands in old residential areas in detail. Through evaluation on them, the primary problems of each green land system had been identified, and pertinent reconstruction modes had been proposed, so as to provide reference for reconstruction of green land systems of old residential areas in North China.

Environmental Renewal Strategy of Old Residential Areas:A Case Study of Luochengtou Spinning Machine Yard No.6 of Handan City

Nowadays,China’s urbanization has entered a new stage,paying more attention to the human settlement environment.The urban environment has been greatly improved,with a new look.However,the contradiction between the old city and the new city has gradually become prominent.The old residential area is the basic composition of the old city.Some old residential areas are in disrepair for a long time,and the supporting facilities are imperfect.There are problems such as single style,chaotic layout,hidden quality hazards,etc.,which are difficult to meet the living standards of modern residents.To solve this problem,from the aspects of the levels involved in the renewal and reconstruction of old residential areas,it should repair the building quality,optimize the housing function and increase the residents’happiness.Based on reconstruction of old residential areas in Congtai District of Handan City,Luochengtou Spinning Machine Yard No.6 of Handan City is taken as the research object.Common strategies in the reconstruction of old residential areas are explored,and the existing problems are updated and transformed.The research could provide reference for renewal design of old residential areas.

Simulation of Old Urban Residential Area Evolution Based on Complex Adaptive System

On the basis of complex adaptive system theory, this paper proposed an agent-based model of old urban residential area, in which, residents and providers are the two adaptive agents. The behaviors of residents and providers in this model are trained with back propagation and simulated with Swarm software based on environment-rules-agents interaction. This model simulates the evolution of old urban residential area and analyzes the relations between the evolution and urban management with the background of Chaozhou city. As a result, the following are obtained ： （ 1 ） Simulation without government intervention indicates the trend of housing ageing, environmental deterioration, economic depression, and social filtering-down in old urban residential area. If the development of old urban residential area is under control of developers in market, whose desire is profit maximization, and factors such as social justice, historic and culture value will be ignored. （2） If the government carries out some policies and measures which will perfectly serve their original aims, simulation reveals that old urban residential area could be adapted to environment and keep sustainable development. This conclusion emphasizes that government must act as initiator and program maker for guiding residents and other providers directly in the development of old urban residential area.

Public Space Demand and Adaptive Behavior of Residents in Old Residential Area of Ancient City: Based on Qingyi Garden of Beirenyi Hutong in Kaifeng

The majority of the literature on the transformation of cultural promotion space in old residential areas in the United States and abroad is written from the top-down perspective of God,such as architects,planners,developers,and even government officials,and only a few of them examine the designer’s work from the perspective of aborigines.To sample life and gain insight into human nature,find another means to be as near to the public as possible,listen to the voice of users,and conduct an in-depth examination of the freestyle works altered by the old residential districts through the“people’s architectural planner.”

基于空间特点的老旧居民小区同功能区域重划分研究

老旧小区的居住环境可能因年久失修而变得陈旧和不安全,重划分研究有助于改善小区的绿化、照明、交通等基础设施,提升居民的居住舒适度和安全感。为此,该研究分析了老旧居民小区空间特点,基于此,以空气质量、噪声水平、交通便利性、绿化覆盖率为目标函数,结合目标权重,构建老旧居民小区同功能区域重划分模型。引入免疫机制改进免疫粒子群算法,求解该模型。实例分析结果显示:研究方法应用后同功能区域利用率明显升高。该方法能够充分利用小区现有的空间资源,通过合理布局和功能整合,提高空间利用率,减少资源浪费。

“双碳”目标下老旧小区绿色改造的有机更新策略研究——以广州为例

老旧小区绿色改造作为实现城市低碳化的重要途径,对我国实现“双碳”目标及高质量发展具有重要意义。随着城市化进程的加快,老旧小区存在既有建筑能耗过高、碳排放量超标等现实问题,对老旧小区进行绿色改造成为政府开展城市更新时需重点关注的内容。在总结广州老旧小区绿色改造现状及国内外相关实践经验的基础上,按照有机更新的思路,从顶层设计、人文建设、生态建设、建筑绿色更新、新技术新能源以及成本经济等方面提出对老旧小区绿色改造的策略建议。

老旧小区户外健身空间评价体系的构建

为构建适用于国内老旧小区户外健身空间的评价体系,文中以哈尔滨为例,通过实地调研、现状问卷调查、以及相关指标体系梳理等方式,在了解老旧小区户外健身空间情况的同时,建立哈尔滨老旧小区户外健身空间评价的预设指标。并通过名义小组讨论法以及德尔菲法(Delply)两种方法对预设指标进行修正,确定最终评价指标,并在此基础上确定各指标权重,从而构建出包含5个准则层和30个方案层指标的哈尔滨老旧小区户外健身空间评价体系。最后对哈尔滨16处老旧小区户外健身空间进行空间评价并选择其中的6处给出优化建议,结果表明评价体系具有很强的操作性,因此可以为其他地区的老旧小区户外健身空间评价提供借鉴,从而建立适用于当地的老旧小区户外健身空间评价体系。

城市微更新视域下老旧小区改造满意度调查及提升策略探究——以福州市鼓楼区为例

老旧小区改造是重大民生工程和发展工程,已成为推进城市更新和开发建设转型的重要方式。近年来,福州市鼓楼区持续推进老城区有机更新、城市空间重新梳理整合。为此,以福州市鼓楼区为例,对其展开老旧小区改造满意度调查,着力探究老旧小区改造问题、原因及其对策,为此,提升居民满意度,为后续的老旧小区改造与治理提供理论指导与实践参考。

地方政府推进老旧小区加装电梯的行为逻辑——一个交易费用经济学的分析框架

老旧小区加装电梯是推进城市更新的重要内容,是改善群众居住环境和出行条件,解决“悬空老人”、残疾人等群体上下楼难题的重要举措。现有文献主要集中在加装电梯前期业主之间的利益分歧与矛盾化解的研究,缺少对加装电梯工程审批阶段、建设安装阶段和运营维护阶段相关问题的分析。本文基于交易费用经济学分析框架,以广州市为例,研究地方政府推进老旧小区加装电梯的行为逻辑。研究发现,推进老旧小区加装电梯工作,要全面践行人民城市理念,充分发挥党的领导和组织优势,不断完善基层治理体系,破解公共事务治理难题。采用混合治理模式,针对高低层业主,疏解群众利益协调难问题;采用科层治理模式,聚焦政府职能部门,破解规划方案审批难问题;采用市场治理模式,关注业主与电梯厂商、施工单位、物管公司关系,化解工程建设施工难、后续管养维护难问题。

韧性视角下城市老旧小区基础设施改造研究

老旧小区是城市安全发展的薄弱环节,其基础设施改造是重要的研究课题。韧性理论在城市基础设施领域的研究愈来愈多,如何增强老旧小区抵抗风险的能力,使老旧小区基础设施更具韧性,是一项有意义的研究。基于此,本文分析国内外相关研究和实践现状,结合韧性理论提出了基础设施改造的原则,探讨韧性视角下老旧小区基础设施改造的内容,提出相关对策建议。

基于AHM-SD模型的老旧小区加装电梯中居民参与意愿演化研究

老旧小区加装电梯能增强居民的幸福感和获得感,而居民参与意愿是老旧小区能否顺利加装电梯的关键。首先运用文献研究法和专家访谈法对老旧小区加装电梯中居民参与意愿影响因素进行识别和优化,构建老旧小区加装电梯中居民参与意愿影响因素体系。其次引入AHM(属性层次模型)构建老旧小区加装电梯中居民参与意愿影响因素属性层次结构,计算各影响因素的权重,确定居住楼层等6个影响因素为主要影响因素。再次建立包含居住环境等5个子系统的老旧小区加装电梯中居民参与意愿SD(系统动力学)模型,厘清老旧小区加装电梯中居民参与意愿演化路径,对老旧小区加装电梯中居民参与意愿演化进行仿真模拟,并通过综合对比分析确定了居住楼层、牵头人能力、居民出资比例、电梯使用费用和需求迫切度共5个关键影响因素。最后针对性地提出了优化老旧小区加装电梯中居民参与意愿的建议。

老旧小区绿色化改造居民支付意愿影响因素研究——基于赣州市8个小区的调查数据

从老旧小区绿色化改造主体的视角出发,选取个体特征、项目及政策感知三个层面的因素,运用条件价值评估法结合Logistic回归模型,基于赣州市8个小区的调查数据,研究居民对老旧小区绿色化改造支付意愿及其影响因素。研究发现:个体特征层面,74.08%的受访居民具有支付意愿,支付意愿的均值为403.93元,居民的支付意愿与其年龄呈负相关,与居住时长、月均收入呈正相关;项目层面,绿色建筑、配套设施及综合服务的改造对居民支付意愿均有正向影响;政策感知层面,政策认同、政策补贴及政策宣传均正向影响居民支付意愿。其中,配套设施的改造与居民政策认同是影响居民支付意愿的关键因素。

基于风环境模拟评估的老旧住区更新路径研究——以雅安市西城街道为例

城市存量更新背景下,老旧住区成为重点更新对象,良好风环境的营造作为影响居民室外舒适度的重要因素,对老旧住区的更新改造有重要意义。选取雅安市西城街道老旧住区为研究对象,使用Phoenics软件对其夏季风速、风压等风环境参数进行数值模拟,识别场地内静风、涡旋等不良风场,总结场地风环境特征与现存问题,研究发现:(1)西城街道老旧住区整体存在建筑排列密集、街道停车拥挤、住区内部空间狭窄、开敞空间缺乏的现状问题。(2)通过Phoenics模拟场地风环境可知,在夏季主导风向条件下,场地呈现四周多轻风区、内部多无风与软风区且出现涡旋的风速特征,以及整体为低风压、内部建筑群前后风压差大都不足1.5 Pa的风压特征。(3)场地内近五分之四的风速低于最低的基本舒适风速(1.0 m/s),无法满足人的风舒适度需求,整体通风环境亟须改善。(4)研究区建筑密度、建筑容积率与风速比呈中等负相关关系,迎风面建筑密度与风速比呈低等负相关关系。基于上述综合分析结果,从建筑布局、街巷空间、公共空间、绿化配置4个方面提出该住区风环境的优化建议。

适老宜幼视角下老旧小区公共空间改造策略

适老宜幼视角下,探索老幼代际良性互动的空间体系构建,是老旧社区提质改造的目标之一。系统地分析了老幼人群的共性需求和行为特征,找出了老旧小区在交通安全、休憩娱乐设施、无障碍通行、绿化环境等方面与老幼人群需求的不匹配问题。立足“老幼友好”“代际共融”理念,从提升交通条件、改造活动空间、优化无障碍环境、改善绿化景观等方面提出老旧小区的改造策略,力求打造出安全、舒适、便利、无障碍的高品质宜居环境。

居家养老背景下老旧住区室内无障碍改造研究

随着人口老龄化的不断加剧,养老问题也越来越受到社会的关注。老年人身体机能的退化,使老年人的行为特征和身体尺度都发生了一定的改变,文章在居家养老背景下,通过对老年人状态的分析,总结出室内无障碍改造的需求及改造原则,从玄关、客餐厅、卧室、卫生间、厨房等几个室内空间主要活动场所入手,给出无障碍改造建议,为老年人提供安全、舒适、便捷的居家养老环境。

哈尔滨老旧住区户外坐具适老化指标的构建与分析

户外坐具适老化指标的构建,为哈尔滨老旧住区户外活动和景观品质的提升提供实践依据。文中首先对哈尔滨老旧住区的户外坐具进行实地调研,发现存在的问题,通过问卷调查了解老年群体对户外坐具的满意度;之后结合国内外的指标体系,确定预设指标并对它进行修正,构建出老旧住区户外坐具适老化更新指标;最后运用行为观察法、问卷调研法对指标进行评价分析。根据评价结果提出老旧住区户外坐具适老化更新的建议,构建的指标可以有效指导哈尔滨老旧住区户外坐具适老化更新设计。

健康视角下双鸭山老旧小区步行空间优化设计研究

随着时代的进步与社会的发展,寒地居民对健康的重视程度与日俱增,户外活动的需求呈现多元化趋势。双鸭山市地处寒地区域,天气特征直接导致了居民室外活动时间和出行次数的减少,然而居住区尤其是老旧小区步行空间作为与居民日常活动紧密联系的场所,其环境品质与空间活力却未得到优质提升。文中以健康城市为切入点,选取具有代表性的居住区作为调研对象,分析当前双鸭山市步行空间存在的问题,继而提出相关优化设计原则。为满足健康城市发展要求以及居民日益增长的活动需求,提升寒地城市居住区步行空间质量提供研究参考。

全龄友好社区理念下老旧小区更新改造研究

老旧小区的更新改造是一项民生工程。文章结合全龄友好社区理念,对我国老旧小区的更新改造展开讨论。通过剖析我国老旧小区改造的现状,分析全龄友好社区理念下老旧小区更新改造的意义;提出“以人为本”的老旧小区更新改造原则,研究提出“建筑的微修复、环境提质改造及管理模式完善”等更新改造策略。

基于AHP-TOPSIS法的LID设施面积比例优选研究

为研究单项低影响开发(LID)设施的综合效益最优面积比例,因地制宜设计最优LID设施组合方案,在综合考虑经济、环境和社会因素基础上,利用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重、优劣解距离法(TOPSIS)评价综合效益,构建低影响开发综合效益评价体系,并将该低影响开发综合评价体系应用于淮南市某老旧小区。结果表明,绿色屋顶占屋顶面积55%、透水铺装占不渗透面积60%或下沉式绿地占绿地面积60%,是单项低影响开发设施的最优面积比例;在不同降雨重现期下,根据单项低影响开发设施的综合效益最优面积比例所设计的组合方案对研究区径流量、洪峰流量、径流系数和SS、COD、TN、TP污染物量削减效果明显;在不同情景下,对比未布设低影响开发设施情况,所设计的组合方案对研究区的径流总量控制率提高了45.59%~47.17%。