The Role of Music Therapy in Supporting Intellectually Disabled Youth in Senegal

Introduction: Music therapy is a practice for helping and supporting people with intellectual and relational difficulties. This study illustrated the benefits of music therapy for young people living with intellectual disabilities (YLID) in an African context. Methodology: This study investigated six young individuals with intellectual disabilities who had undergone three years of music therapy. They were participants in the inclusive non-academic training program at the National School of Arts in Dakar from 2017 to 2019. Data collection utilized individual interviews with the youths, evaluation grids from teachers and psychiatrists. Guardians provided informed consent along with the assent of the young participants. Results: The six young were aged between 18 and 30 years old, with an average age of 24.6 years. Four of the YLID were male. Three young people with intellectual disabilities had delayed psychomotor development. Observations revealed the beneficial influence of music therapy on the health and well-being of young individuals. Music played a role in alleviating stress and anxiety among youth with intellectual disabilities (YLID), enhancing their mood and mental health. It assisted in navigating challenging situations and heightened alertness among YLID. Additionally, music therapy contributed to improvements in dyslexia, fine and gross motor skills, and memory development among intellectually disabled youth, ultimately facilitating their integration into society. Conclusion: In light of our results, music therapy makes a major contribution to the empowerment of YLID. Engaging in musical activities helps young people connect with others through instrumental expression and a sense of accomplishment. By facilitating music therapy, it becomes possible to combat discrimination and stigmatization, thus promoting the social inclusion of intellectually disabled youth. Therefore, it is important to promote music therapy in Senegal to meet the needs of YLID.

Associated Factors of Dental Caries among Intellectually Disabled Persons in Specialized Centers of Ouagadougou

Introduction: Several studies have reported a high prevalence of dental caries among the people with intellectual disabilities. In order to identify the sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral factors associated with it, we conducted a study in specialized centers welcoming subjects with intellectual disabilities in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with it among intellectually disabled in the specialized centers of Ouagadougou. Methods: The study was cross-sectional analytical. The survey took place between November 2020 and January 2021 among people with intellectual disabilities in reception centers receiving a grant from the Ministry of Women, National Solidarity, Family and Humanitarian Action. Data collection was done with a questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) and dental caries was recorded according to WHO criteria in decayed, missing or filled teeth generating a DMF index. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the presence of dental caries. Results: A total of 193 participants were included in the study with an average age of 12.4 years ± 7.9. The overall prevalence of caries measured with the DMF index was 58.6% 95% CI [51.2 - 65.8]. It was significantly associated with female gender (OR = 4.2;95% CI [1.4 - 12.5], p = 0,01), the clinical form of mental illness (epilepsy OR = 3.8 95%;CI [1.2 - 12.7], p = 0,02, trisomy OR = 5.0;95% CI [1.1 - 22.9], p = 0,03, motor autonomy OR = 0.2 95%;CI [0.1 - 0.7], p = 0,01) and at use of toothpaste OR = 9.33;95% CI [1.05 - 82.7], p = 0,04. Conclusion: Dental caries remains a very present pathology in most people living with an intellectual disability. Also, it is necessary to put in place prevention strategies to reduce its prevalence and improve access to oral care for these people.

Oral candidiasis and potential risk factors among disabled and nondisabled in Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND Oral candidiasis(OC)is an oral health disease that could influence patients’oral health quality of life.AIM To estimate prevalence of OC among disabled and non-disabled individuals and its potential risk factors in the Al-Baha region,Saudi Arabia.METHODS An observational cross-sectional study was carried out among 148 disabled and non-disabled participants.The technique of concentrated oral rinse employing the Sabouraud Dextrose Agar medium accompanied with 0.05%chloramphenicol was conducted to assess and isolate candida.Oral examination using the World Health Organization guidelines was conducted to examine participants’oral hea-lth status.A pre-designed questionnaire was also used to evaluate sociodemo-graphic,medical history,and oral hygiene habits of the studied population.RESULTS Out of 148 participants(n=57,38%)had colonized candida.None of the studied population had visible Candida lesions.However,Candida was found in the oral rinses without the subject presenting any lesions or issues caused by Candida(asymptomatic colonization).The most common prevalent OC among participants were Candida albicans,Candida glabrata,Candida dubliniensis,Candida krusei,Candida tropicalis,and Candida parapsilosis(n=35,61%;n=8,14%;n=6,10%;n=5,9%;n=2,4%;and n=1,2%)respectively.Diabetes,smoking,poor plaque,and gingival status were key potential risk factors that significantly associated with candida’s density and presence(P=0.001,P=0.001,P=0.01,and P=0.01)respectively.Disability status had no statistically significant effect on presence and density of Candida.CONCLUSION The prevalence of OC is almost third of the studied population;thus,may provoke a need to develop preventive strategies to reduce the OC rate and establish solid treatment plans.

Muscle Strength, Lumbar Curve, Fear of Movement and Functional Disability among Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Review

Introduction: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) refers to the rupture of the fibrous annulus of the intervertebral discs. Lumbar curvature may lead to the occurrence of lumbar disc degeneration. Fear of movement may worsen their disc herniation and cause further pain and injury. LDH conditions impact the individuals’ quality of life, to explore the relationship between lumbar curve, muscle strength, fear of movement and functional disability among patients with LDH. Methods: An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Springerlink, Google Scholar and a hand search from reference lists was reviewed. Publications were included in human studies, patients 25 - 85 years of age, original studies and published in English language journals from January 2002 to December 2023. Result: In total, 64 articles were researched through the online search engines, and 9 papers were found through manual searches of reference lists. As a result, a total of 11 articles were included for the purpose of this review. The comprehensive analysis revealed the presence of eight cross-sectional studies, two retrospective studies and one experimental study. A minimum of 25 participants and a maximum of 360 participants were included. Ten studies included both genders, only one studies included healthy adults and patients with LDH but these studies didn’t mention gender. Results showed that the factors influencing LDH can be categorized into non-modifiable factors, such as gender, age, height or others. Modifiable factors included increased BMI, DM, smoking, alcohol, employment status, lifestyle and health problems or psychology. Conclusion: Females with greater VASC may be at risk of LDH. The lumbar extensor muscles indicated a localized disc herniation or nerve root pathology in patients with LDH. The fear of movement may lead to psychological consequences and reduce functional disability among patients with LDH.

Effectiveness of Extended Care in Preventing Falls in Disabled Elderly and Its Impact on Quality of Life

Objective:To analyze the value of extended care interventions for disabled elderly in preventing falls and optimizing quality of life.Methods:A sample of 60 cases of disabled elderly in a tertiary hospital from May 2022 to May 2023 was selected and grouped by the random number table method.The observation group received extended care,while the control group adopted routine care.The differences in complication rate,fall rate,36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36)score,health knowledge awareness score,and nursing satisfaction were compared.Results:The complication rate and fall rate of the disabled elderly in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,P<0.05;the SF-36 score,health knowledge score,and nursing satisfaction of the observation group were higher than those of the control group,P<0.05.Conclusion:Extended care for the disabled elderly can reduce the risk of falls and complications related to disability,as well as optimize their cognition and improve their quality of life,which is efficient and feasible.

Retrospective analysis of old-age colitis in the Dutch inflammatory bowel disease population

AIM： To describe the characteristics of Dutch patients with chronic.inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） first diagnosed above 60 years of age-a disease also known as old-age colitis （OAC） and to highlight a condition that has a similar appearance to IBD, namely segmen- tal colitis associated with diverticular disease （SCAD）. METHODS： A retrospective longitudinal survey of patient demographic and clinical characteristics, disease characteristics, diagnostic methods, management and course of disease was performed. The median follow-up period was 10 years. RESULTS： Of a total of 1100 IBD patients attending the Department of Gastroenterology, 59 （50） [median age 82 years （range 64-101）; 25 male （42%）] were identified. These patients were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis （n = 37, 61%）, Crohn＇s disease （n = 14, 24%）, and indeterminate colitis （n = 8, 15%）. Remission was induced in 40 （68%） patients within a median interval of 6 mo （range 1-21） and immunosuppressive therapy was well tolerated. Histological evaluation based on many biopsy samples and the course of the disease led to other diagnosis, namely SCAD instead of IBD in five （8%） patients. CONCLUSION： OAC is not an infrequent problem for the gastroenterologist, and should be considered in the evaluation of older patients with clinical features suggestive of IBD. Extra awareness and extensive biopsy sampling are required in order to avoid an erroneous diagnosis purely based on histological mimicry of changes seen in SCAD, when diagnosing IBD in the presence of diverticulosis coli.

Study of androgen and atherosclerosis in old-age male

Objective： To observe the difference of androgen and inflammatory cytokines level in atherosclerosis and analyse their relations. Method： Both carotid arteries and arteries of lower extremity were subjected to ultrasonic examination by Doppier＇s method. Those with much atheromatous plaque formation were ranged into case group, and those with normal result formed control group. Total, free testosterone and estradiol were assayed by radioimmunoassay. C reactive protein （CRP） was assayed by nepheloturbidity. Tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）, lnterleukin-6 （IL-6）, lnterleukin-8 （IL-8）, lnterleukin-10 （IL-10）, Interleukin-18 （IL-18）, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （sICAM-1） and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 （sVCAM-1） were assayed by ELISA. The mean difference between two groups and the correlation between free testosterone and cytokines were analysed. Results： Free testosterone was （6.337±3.371） pg/L in case group and （11.375±4.733）pg/L in control group, P〈0.01. No differences were found in total testosterone and estradiol. CRP was （27.294±10.238）mg/L in case group and （12.843±6.318） mg/L in control group, P〈0.01. IL-6 was （41.700±31.385）pg/L in case group and （25.396±20.772）pg/L in control group, P〈0.05. IL-8 was （89.249±58.357）pg/L in case group and （67.873±31.227）pg/L in control group, P〈0.05. sICAM-1 was （470.491±134.078）pg/L in case group and （368.487±97.183）pg/L in control group, P〈0.01. sVCAM-1 was （537.808±213.172）pg/L in case group and （457.275±157.273）pg/L in control group, P〈0.05. There were no differences in TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-18. Correlation analysis showed that FT （free testosterone） had negative correlation with CRP, IL-6 and sICAM-1. Among them FT had well correlation with CRP, correlation index was -0.678. Conclusion： Free testosterone was in negative correlation with atherosclerosis in old-age male. Free testosterone may have the role of anti-atherosclerosis, and this effect was not achieved by its transformation to estradiol. Low tree testosterone level was followed by increased level of inflammatory cytokines. Low free testosterones coexist with inflammation and they both affect the process of atherosclerosis in old-age male.

Rural migrants' participation in old-age insurance: a case study of the inter-provincial migrant workers from Sichuan, China

Old-age pension, a fundamental part of the Chinese social security system, is perceived by the Chinese government as the last support for rural-to-urban migrant workers upon retreating from the labor market. Using survey data collected by the authors, this paper examines a host of factors which influence migrant workers' participation in the old-age scheme. The result shows that individual characteristics, employment status, attitudes toward old-age support and perception of the old-age pension system significantly differentiate two groups of migrant workers between those that have participated in and their counterparts who have not participated in the old-age pension schemes. Among a number of factors, age, educational attainment, holding labor contract, etc. are found to be significant factors influencing migrants' behavior participating(or not participating) the available age-pension schemes. Policy implications for how to improve the rate of participation in existing old-age pension schemes among migrant workers are drawn from the findings.

Construction of Comprehensive Old-age Tourism Complex in Kunming City

As the population aging becomes a global trend,old-age tounsm has gradually become a newly-emerging industry integrating tounsm industry and old-age support industry for such functions as leisure sightseeing,vacationing and health care,learning and expenence,recuperation,soul comfort and so on.In face of the market opportunities of old-age tounsm,Kunming City owns many advantages such as climate,location,traffic and tounsm resources,but also shows deficiencies such as few and low-grade old-age tourism agencies,insufficient funds for old-age tourism,underdeveloped old-age service industry.To enhance the advantages and avoid disadvantages,this paper proposed the industrialized development mode of old-age tourism complex for Kunming City.On the basis of sorting out tourism resources in the city this paper first concluded 6 old-age tounsm resource spaces,integrated characteristic tounsm resources,cultural resources and social resources of each space into the 7 sub-systems of the old-age tounsm complex,proposed specific conceptions for the construction of old-age tounsm complex in Kunming,and finally gave suggestions in view of the development environment of local old-age tourism complex.

Aging Characteristics and Layout Planning of Old-age Care Facilities in the Downtown Area of Nanchang City

Compared to the situation of population aging and the elderly aging, the development of oldage undertaking in Nanchang is still undeveloped in that the old-age care industry lags behind the urban renewal speed and the objective needs of aging. Apart from discussions on the composition of elderly population and the status quo of aging, this paper took the institutional old-age care in the downtown area of Nanchang for example, explored problems in the current institutional old-age care facilities through field investigation, and proposed suggestions for the layout planning of old-age care facilities in the study area.

Design of Prefabricated Old-age Building Based on Modularization:A Case Study of Institutional Elderly Houses Design in Taigou Village,Xi'an City

Old-age building was designed in Ziwu Town,from the aspects of energy saving,environmental protection,full use of solar energy and characteristics of the local climate.In order to meet the requirements of energy conservation,environmental protection and climate adaptability of residential buildings,this paper integrates the construction and design in the prefabricated building design,at the same time,with the consideration of the possibility of expansion and removal of the nursing home,the concept of "modular unit" is put forward.Considering the climatic adaptability of the base position,the utilization of solar energy and the organization of natural ventilation should be paid attention to,also,the rammed soil construction method is added in this design,which can improve the thermal insulation performance of the building enclosure and create a comfortable indoor thermal environment both in winter and summer.In order to realize the object of industrial building construction and design,the prefabricated construction method is used,which produces impact on the surrounding environment more environmentally friendly.The building will be easily built,less restricted,and low-cost.What's more,local material and the advantages of all dry work increase the operability of the project.

Burden of disability in type 2 diabetes mellitus and the moderating effects of physical activity

The growing diabetic epidemic has created a substantial burden,not only on the people with diabetes but also on society at large.This mini-review discussed the limitations and patterns of disability in type 2 diabetes mellitus and put forward a case for the moderating effects of physical activity(PA)in the management of diabetes.The limitations and impairments associated with diabetes include vascular,neurological,cardiac,and renal impairments.Moreover,individuals participate less in their daily lives and in their instrumental activities of daily living,which negatively impacts the quality of life of individuals with diabetes.This often leads to a loss of quality of life due to disabilities,resulting in an increased rate of disability-adjusted life years among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Moreover,there are psychosocial sequelae of diabetes mellitus.This necessitates looking for moderating factors that may reduce the burden of the disease.PA has been shown to be one of the factors that can mitigate these burdens.PA does this in several ways,including through the benefits it confers,such as a reduction of hemoglobin A1c,a reduction of excess fat in the liver and pancreas,and the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors,all of which favorably affect glycemic parameters.Specifically,PA regulates or moderates diabetes disability through two mechanisms:The regulation of glucolipid metabolism disorders and the optimization of body mass index and systemic conditions.Therefore,efforts should be directed at PA uptake through identified strategies.This will not only prevent diabetes or diabetes complications but will reduce its burden.

Key Elements of “Family” Life Style of Old-age Residential Facilities

The problem of old-age care in China is more and more serious. Under the background of continuous promotion of community old-age, the importance of research on the"family" life style of oldage residential facilities has become increasingly prominent. Through field survey of different types of oldage residential facilities and questionnaire interviews, the shortcomings of the old-age residential facilities in Xi’an were compared and summarized, and the key elements of "family" life style of the old-age residential facilities were concluded, which mainly include urban community embeddedness, family structure elements, indoor furnishings and accompanying care system. The "family" life style of the old-age residential facilities can not only maintain the "kinship" living needs, but also conform to the new direction of promoting the "community" of the old-age residential facilities in China.

Industrialization of Old-age Tourism in Yunnan

Faced with the supply-side reform of the tourism industry, the industrialization of Yunnan oldage tourism will be an inevitable attempt to subdivide the tourism market in Yunnan. Based on the concept of old-age tourism, this study put forward the regional structure of Yunnan’s old-age tourism industry, and pointed out the development direction for the "one center and six districts" of Yunnan old-age tourism. Then from the perspective of system theory, the concept of the old-age tourism complex in Yunnan Province was proposed. At the same time, from the perspective of operation management system, oldage tourism accommodation system, old-age tourism passenger transport system, ethnic cultural products, ecological health products, arts and crafts, health services and rural old-age tourism, the construction idea of the old-age tourism complex in Yunnan Province was proposed.

A Study of Classification of Figures and Sizes for Middle-and Old-Aged Men

The characteristics of human figures, variable laws and the basic sizes of each part of human body have been found by means of anthropomctric measurements of the middle-arid old-aged men and data analyses. Also, proposals of how to classify dimensions and sizes of the medium human figures among the middle-and old-aged men have been put forward.

Deep Transfer Learning-Enabled Activity Identification and Fall Detection for Disabled People

The human motion data collected using wearables like smartwatches can be used for activity recognition and emergency event detection.This is especially applicable in the case of elderly or disabled people who live self-reliantly in their homes.These sensors produce a huge volume of physical activity data that necessitates real-time recognition,especially during emergencies.Falling is one of the most important problems confronted by older people and people with movement disabilities.Numerous previous techniques were introduced and a few used webcam to monitor the activity of elderly or disabled people.But,the costs incurred upon installation and operation are high,whereas the technology is relevant only for indoor environments.Currently,commercial wearables use a wireless emergency transmitter that produces a number of false alarms and restricts a user’s movements.Against this background,the current study develops an Improved WhaleOptimizationwithDeep Learning-Enabled Fall Detection for Disabled People(IWODL-FDDP)model.The presented IWODL-FDDP model aims to identify the fall events to assist disabled people.The presented IWODLFDDP model applies an image filtering approach to pre-process the image.Besides,the EfficientNet-B0 model is utilized to generate valuable feature vector sets.Next,the Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory(BiLSTM)model is used for the recognition and classification of fall events.Finally,the IWO method is leveraged to fine-tune the hyperparameters related to the BiLSTM method,which shows the novelty of the work.The experimental analysis outcomes established the superior performance of the proposed IWODL-FDDP method with a maximum accuracy of 97.02%.

Study on Planning Model of Chinese Aged Community in Background of European and American Old-age System

Attention to the pension work is the performance of social development and progress, effective selection of effective old-age way to promote the elderly in his later years and it is the inevitable requirement of the development of the times. On the basis of comparative analysis of the pros and cons of various pension methods, the actual social work department must carry out specific judgment on the specificold people. The elderly need not only the material aspects of life care, but also the need for emotional support and spiritual comfort, in the new historical conditions must be in the body and mind and informed lines and other aspects of the elderly to give loved ones, considerate, warm and friendly , respect and care. This paper proposes the novel perspective on the planning model of Chinese aged community in background of European and American old-age system. In the future, we will apply the proposed model into more scenarios to test the performance.

Analysis of home care-based multi-level old-age service system

With the deepening of China＇s aging, China＇s social pension problem more obvious each day, and gradually become the focus of attention of the whole society. On the one hand, China entered the aging society, old-age needs to grow exponentially. The sixth national census shows that in our country, the population aged 60 and 13.26% of the total population over the total number of 179 million, 65 years and older the proportion of 8.87% of the total population, the absolute number of nearly 120 million. Hundreds of millions of older age groups will produce a growing demand for care services, which is the original old-age service system and the whole economic and social development is a huge pressure. On the other hand, with the economic and social transformation, the traditional model of family pension has been unable to adapt to the profound changes in modem employment, family structure, the concept of retirement, since most parts of China, ＂old before getting ricE＂ the situation, how to solve the elderly the pension problem is related to the overall situation of China＇s economic and social development, related to the overall situation of building a harmonious society in China. Under current national conditions, the emphasis on the development of a single individual body to meet the growing demand for pension service is not realistic, we must mobilize the enthusiasm of all aspects of the element, multi-service integration of resources subject to their commitment to a different responsibilities and tasks provide a full range of care services according to different types, different levels of the actual needs of the older age groups. On the aging problem is that the whole community to face, you need to multi-government body, families, communities, institutions combine effectively starting from the actual needs of the elderly population, according to the financial assistance, life care, spiritual consolation three set the specific needs of services, through a government-led, home-based care services, community care services for the core and supplementary services for institutions focused on pension and other means to provide a full range of pension services.