Rural migrants' participation in old-age insurance: a case study of the inter-provincial migrant workers from Sichuan, China

Old-age pension, a fundamental part of the Chinese social security system, is perceived by the Chinese government as the last support for rural-to-urban migrant workers upon retreating from the labor market. Using survey data collected by the authors, this paper examines a host of factors which influence migrant workers' participation in the old-age scheme. The result shows that individual characteristics, employment status, attitudes toward old-age support and perception of the old-age pension system significantly differentiate two groups of migrant workers between those that have participated in and their counterparts who have not participated in the old-age pension schemes. Among a number of factors, age, educational attainment, holding labor contract, etc. are found to be significant factors influencing migrants' behavior participating(or not participating) the available age-pension schemes. Policy implications for how to improve the rate of participation in existing old-age pension schemes among migrant workers are drawn from the findings.

Retrospective analysis of old-age colitis in the Dutch inflammatory bowel disease population

AIM： To describe the characteristics of Dutch patients with chronic.inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） first diagnosed above 60 years of age-a disease also known as old-age colitis （OAC） and to highlight a condition that has a similar appearance to IBD, namely segmen- tal colitis associated with diverticular disease （SCAD）. METHODS： A retrospective longitudinal survey of patient demographic and clinical characteristics, disease characteristics, diagnostic methods, management and course of disease was performed. The median follow-up period was 10 years. RESULTS： Of a total of 1100 IBD patients attending the Department of Gastroenterology, 59 （50） [median age 82 years （range 64-101）; 25 male （42%）] were identified. These patients were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis （n = 37, 61%）, Crohn＇s disease （n = 14, 24%）, and indeterminate colitis （n = 8, 15%）. Remission was induced in 40 （68%） patients within a median interval of 6 mo （range 1-21） and immunosuppressive therapy was well tolerated. Histological evaluation based on many biopsy samples and the course of the disease led to other diagnosis, namely SCAD instead of IBD in five （8%） patients. CONCLUSION： OAC is not an infrequent problem for the gastroenterologist, and should be considered in the evaluation of older patients with clinical features suggestive of IBD. Extra awareness and extensive biopsy sampling are required in order to avoid an erroneous diagnosis purely based on histological mimicry of changes seen in SCAD, when diagnosing IBD in the presence of diverticulosis coli.

Study of androgen and atherosclerosis in old-age male

Objective： To observe the difference of androgen and inflammatory cytokines level in atherosclerosis and analyse their relations. Method： Both carotid arteries and arteries of lower extremity were subjected to ultrasonic examination by Doppier＇s method. Those with much atheromatous plaque formation were ranged into case group, and those with normal result formed control group. Total, free testosterone and estradiol were assayed by radioimmunoassay. C reactive protein （CRP） was assayed by nepheloturbidity. Tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）, lnterleukin-6 （IL-6）, lnterleukin-8 （IL-8）, lnterleukin-10 （IL-10）, Interleukin-18 （IL-18）, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （sICAM-1） and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 （sVCAM-1） were assayed by ELISA. The mean difference between two groups and the correlation between free testosterone and cytokines were analysed. Results： Free testosterone was （6.337±3.371） pg/L in case group and （11.375±4.733）pg/L in control group, P〈0.01. No differences were found in total testosterone and estradiol. CRP was （27.294±10.238）mg/L in case group and （12.843±6.318） mg/L in control group, P〈0.01. IL-6 was （41.700±31.385）pg/L in case group and （25.396±20.772）pg/L in control group, P〈0.05. IL-8 was （89.249±58.357）pg/L in case group and （67.873±31.227）pg/L in control group, P〈0.05. sICAM-1 was （470.491±134.078）pg/L in case group and （368.487±97.183）pg/L in control group, P〈0.01. sVCAM-1 was （537.808±213.172）pg/L in case group and （457.275±157.273）pg/L in control group, P〈0.05. There were no differences in TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-18. Correlation analysis showed that FT （free testosterone） had negative correlation with CRP, IL-6 and sICAM-1. Among them FT had well correlation with CRP, correlation index was -0.678. Conclusion： Free testosterone was in negative correlation with atherosclerosis in old-age male. Free testosterone may have the role of anti-atherosclerosis, and this effect was not achieved by its transformation to estradiol. Low tree testosterone level was followed by increased level of inflammatory cytokines. Low free testosterones coexist with inflammation and they both affect the process of atherosclerosis in old-age male.

Construction of Comprehensive Old-age Tourism Complex in Kunming City

As the population aging becomes a global trend,old-age tounsm has gradually become a newly-emerging industry integrating tounsm industry and old-age support industry for such functions as leisure sightseeing,vacationing and health care,learning and expenence,recuperation,soul comfort and so on.In face of the market opportunities of old-age tounsm,Kunming City owns many advantages such as climate,location,traffic and tounsm resources,but also shows deficiencies such as few and low-grade old-age tourism agencies,insufficient funds for old-age tourism,underdeveloped old-age service industry.To enhance the advantages and avoid disadvantages,this paper proposed the industrialized development mode of old-age tourism complex for Kunming City.On the basis of sorting out tourism resources in the city this paper first concluded 6 old-age tounsm resource spaces,integrated characteristic tounsm resources,cultural resources and social resources of each space into the 7 sub-systems of the old-age tounsm complex,proposed specific conceptions for the construction of old-age tounsm complex in Kunming,and finally gave suggestions in view of the development environment of local old-age tourism complex.

Aging Characteristics and Layout Planning of Old-age Care Facilities in the Downtown Area of Nanchang City

Compared to the situation of population aging and the elderly aging, the development of oldage undertaking in Nanchang is still undeveloped in that the old-age care industry lags behind the urban renewal speed and the objective needs of aging. Apart from discussions on the composition of elderly population and the status quo of aging, this paper took the institutional old-age care in the downtown area of Nanchang for example, explored problems in the current institutional old-age care facilities through field investigation, and proposed suggestions for the layout planning of old-age care facilities in the study area.

Design of Prefabricated Old-age Building Based on Modularization:A Case Study of Institutional Elderly Houses Design in Taigou Village,Xi'an City

Old-age building was designed in Ziwu Town,from the aspects of energy saving,environmental protection,full use of solar energy and characteristics of the local climate.In order to meet the requirements of energy conservation,environmental protection and climate adaptability of residential buildings,this paper integrates the construction and design in the prefabricated building design,at the same time,with the consideration of the possibility of expansion and removal of the nursing home,the concept of "modular unit" is put forward.Considering the climatic adaptability of the base position,the utilization of solar energy and the organization of natural ventilation should be paid attention to,also,the rammed soil construction method is added in this design,which can improve the thermal insulation performance of the building enclosure and create a comfortable indoor thermal environment both in winter and summer.In order to realize the object of industrial building construction and design,the prefabricated construction method is used,which produces impact on the surrounding environment more environmentally friendly.The building will be easily built,less restricted,and low-cost.What's more,local material and the advantages of all dry work increase the operability of the project.

Key Elements of “Family” Life Style of Old-age Residential Facilities

The problem of old-age care in China is more and more serious. Under the background of continuous promotion of community old-age, the importance of research on the"family" life style of oldage residential facilities has become increasingly prominent. Through field survey of different types of oldage residential facilities and questionnaire interviews, the shortcomings of the old-age residential facilities in Xi’an were compared and summarized, and the key elements of "family" life style of the old-age residential facilities were concluded, which mainly include urban community embeddedness, family structure elements, indoor furnishings and accompanying care system. The "family" life style of the old-age residential facilities can not only maintain the "kinship" living needs, but also conform to the new direction of promoting the "community" of the old-age residential facilities in China.

Industrialization of Old-age Tourism in Yunnan

Faced with the supply-side reform of the tourism industry, the industrialization of Yunnan oldage tourism will be an inevitable attempt to subdivide the tourism market in Yunnan. Based on the concept of old-age tourism, this study put forward the regional structure of Yunnan’s old-age tourism industry, and pointed out the development direction for the "one center and six districts" of Yunnan old-age tourism. Then from the perspective of system theory, the concept of the old-age tourism complex in Yunnan Province was proposed. At the same time, from the perspective of operation management system, oldage tourism accommodation system, old-age tourism passenger transport system, ethnic cultural products, ecological health products, arts and crafts, health services and rural old-age tourism, the construction idea of the old-age tourism complex in Yunnan Province was proposed.

A Study of Classification of Figures and Sizes for Middle-and Old-Aged Men

The characteristics of human figures, variable laws and the basic sizes of each part of human body have been found by means of anthropomctric measurements of the middle-arid old-aged men and data analyses. Also, proposals of how to classify dimensions and sizes of the medium human figures among the middle-and old-aged men have been put forward.

Literature Review of Multi-illar Multi-level Old-age Security System

Since the 1970s, according to the international pension system reform trend for old-age social security system, no single institutional arrangement can ensure the functions of endowment security system to achieve the optimal.Therefore,how to based on the present situation of development, and to accurately, thus promote the resources integration, comprehensive build multi-level old-age security system, has important policy and practice significance.

Opportunities and Challenges of Rural Old-age Industry under the Background of Rural Revitalization

China is a traditional agricultural country with a large proportion of rural population. How to solve their pension problem is a big problem for our government, and it is also a problem related to the prosperity, stability and long-term stability of our country. Therefore, the author evaluates and analyses the rural old-age industrial structure according to the goal and value system of the adjustment of the rural old-age industrial structure. In the context of rural revitalization, research on the opportunities and challenges of the rural pension industry. Therefore, some suggestions for improving the pension problem are put forward. The study found that promoting agricultural modernization, the development of old-age industrialization, and strengthening rural oldage infrastructure construction can effectively improve rural old-age care, and rural economic development has greatly helped.

Study on Planning Model of Chinese Aged Community in Background of European and American Old-age System

Attention to the pension work is the performance of social development and progress, effective selection of effective old-age way to promote the elderly in his later years and it is the inevitable requirement of the development of the times. On the basis of comparative analysis of the pros and cons of various pension methods, the actual social work department must carry out specific judgment on the specificold people. The elderly need not only the material aspects of life care, but also the need for emotional support and spiritual comfort, in the new historical conditions must be in the body and mind and informed lines and other aspects of the elderly to give loved ones, considerate, warm and friendly , respect and care. This paper proposes the novel perspective on the planning model of Chinese aged community in background of European and American old-age system. In the future, we will apply the proposed model into more scenarios to test the performance.

Analysis of home care-based multi-level old-age service system

With the deepening of China＇s aging, China＇s social pension problem more obvious each day, and gradually become the focus of attention of the whole society. On the one hand, China entered the aging society, old-age needs to grow exponentially. The sixth national census shows that in our country, the population aged 60 and 13.26% of the total population over the total number of 179 million, 65 years and older the proportion of 8.87% of the total population, the absolute number of nearly 120 million. Hundreds of millions of older age groups will produce a growing demand for care services, which is the original old-age service system and the whole economic and social development is a huge pressure. On the other hand, with the economic and social transformation, the traditional model of family pension has been unable to adapt to the profound changes in modem employment, family structure, the concept of retirement, since most parts of China, ＂old before getting ricE＂ the situation, how to solve the elderly the pension problem is related to the overall situation of China＇s economic and social development, related to the overall situation of building a harmonious society in China. Under current national conditions, the emphasis on the development of a single individual body to meet the growing demand for pension service is not realistic, we must mobilize the enthusiasm of all aspects of the element, multi-service integration of resources subject to their commitment to a different responsibilities and tasks provide a full range of care services according to different types, different levels of the actual needs of the older age groups. On the aging problem is that the whole community to face, you need to multi-government body, families, communities, institutions combine effectively starting from the actual needs of the elderly population, according to the financial assistance, life care, spiritual consolation three set the specific needs of services, through a government-led, home-based care services, community care services for the core and supplementary services for institutions focused on pension and other means to provide a full range of pension services.

Construction of Xi'an ecological old-age care community in the new urbanization

The new urbanization is an important carrier of ecological civilization construction, and ecological old-age care is the concrete manifestation of the perfect combination of the two, the proper meaning of the new urbanization connotation and an inevitable trend of its development. Based on the analysis of the connotation and relationship between the new urbanization and ecological old-age care, together with the current situation and existing problems of the current nursing institutions and ecological old-age care in Xi'an area, this paper discusses the major issues that should be noticed when constructing the ecological old-age care community in Xi'an and three main construction modes.

Research on ＂intelligent＂ old-age Road

The wisdom of the aged has become a direction that can＇t be ignored in the development of the old-age industry. It can be combined with traditional home care, institutional pension and community pension, and can improve the efficiency of these old-age models, and can also connect the transformation of old-age service and medical service to the combination of medical support, and there are many advantages. This article will analyze the realization basis of intelligent endowment, the advantages and disadvantages of intelligent endowment, and explore how to effectively promote the development of intelligent pension industry.

Effects of the New Two-child Policy On Family Old-age Security

This paper analyzes the current situation of the aging population and low fertility rate.lt is found that the aging process is accelerated, the population growth potential is decreased, and the elderly dependency ratio is higher.Secondly, this paper mainly analyzes the impact of the new two-child policy on family pension security from three aspects： population policy, family support and social security.There are two aspects of the effects, the positive effects are：improve fertility, reduce elderly dependency ratio, relieve population aging,enhance the family development： the negative effects are： tremendous pressure on public resources, further inequality in birth right, heavy economic pressure on the family.At last. this paper puts forward the constructive countermeasures against the problems of the policy and the was out of the family old-age security.

Rationality and Risk Management of the Basic Old-age Insurance Fund Invested in the Capital Market

With the accelerated development of population aging, the pressure to pay for the future pension fund in our country is increasing. Affected by many factors, such as investment limits, inflation and interest rate cut, the rate of return on investment is very low. The introduction of the new policy allows the basic pension fund to enter the capital market, which is of great significance to improve the rate of return on investment, ease the pressure of capital gap, and promote the healthy development of the capital market. This paper makes a deep analysis of the rationality of the basic endowment insurance fund entering the market, and then puts forward some suggestions to avoid the risk of the pension market.