Transplantation and Post-planting Tending and Management Techniques of Olive Trees(Olea europaea L.)

This paper introduced the preparation work before transplanting big olive trees(Olea europaea L.),including key technical measures such as plant excavation,transportation,planting,and post-planting tending.The aim was to provide scientific basis and feasible solutions for adjusting the density of olive trees in Shiyan City,and to assist in the high-quality development of the olive industry.

Predicting ADME/Tox properties of hydroxytyrosol in the leaves of Olea europaea L.

In order to study the possibility of hydroxytyrosol(HT)as a drug,we used SwissADME system to predict ADME of HT and pkCSM system to predict Tox of HT.The results show that hydroxytyrosol meets the Lipinski’s five principles of drug-like properties.With strong efficacy and pharmacological activity,HT has high drug-likeness degree.With good bioavailability,it can be easily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract,though not absorbed by skin.Hydroxytyrosol has not only a strong potency and pharmacological activity,but also no liver toxicity and skin allergy.Tox data predicts that it has mutagenic potential,which may be the result of overreduction.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity Associated with Olea europaea L. Growing in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China

Olive(Olea europaea L.)is one of the most important and widely cultivated fruit trees,with high economic,ecological,cultural and scientific value.China began introducing and cultivating olive in the 1960s,and Yunnan Province is one of the main growing areas.Improving the cultivation and productivity of this tree crop species is an important challenge.Olive is a typical mycotrophic species and the potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)for this plant is well recognized;nevertheless,studies of olive AMF in China are still very limited.Roots and rhizosphere soils of olive were sampled from five representative growing sites in the Yunnan Province of China to investigate the AMF colonization status in the root systems,the AMF community in the olive orchards and the edaphic factors influencing the arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)parameters.Root samples of olive trees from different growing sites generally showed AMF colonization,suggesting that autochthonous AMF manifest a high efficiency in colonizing the roots of olive plants.The spore density on the five sites ranged from 81.6 to 350 spores per 20 g soil.Twenty-three AMF species from 9 genera were identified in total,and Glomeraceae was the dominant family.The findings of our study suggested a high AMF diversity harbored by olive growing in different areas of the Yunnan Province,Southwestern China.Furthermore,the hyphal colonization in roots positively correlated with soil pH and EC.The arbuscule colonization in olive roots negatively correlated with soil pH,EC,OM,TN,TP and AN.The spore density positively correlated with OM,TN,AN,AP and sand content.Finally,the Shannon index of AMF in the rhizosphere soil positively correlated with the clay content,but negatively correlated with soil pH,TN and silt content.The high diversity of autochthonous AMF in Yunnan is promising for screening AMF isolates for utilization in the efficient cultivation of this crop.

The nutritional and therapeutic importance of Olea europaea-a review

Olea europaea(Family:Oleaceae)is the characteristic fruit tree of the Mediterranean basin.The oil extracted from the fruit was the essential product,olive oil was used for cooking and as salad oil.It was preferred for its flavor and beneficial health effects.While,low grade oil was used in cosmetics,as lubricants and for soap production.Plant parts were traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes,malaria,hypertension,coughs,asthma,lumbago,rheumatism,kidney problems,urinary tract infections,nose bleeding,for eye infections and to relieve sore throats.About 676 distinct chemical compounds were identified in the Olea europaea,they were included(fatty acids,phenolic compounds,alcohols,volatiles,phospholipids,triterpenic acids,sterols,hydrocarbons,sugars,amino acids,tocopherols,pigments,and many other compounds).Olea europaea extracts and oil possessed many pharmacological activities included cardiovascular,anti-obesity,antidiabetic,inflammatory,analgesic,antioxidant,antimicrobial,antiparasitic,anti-anticancer,immunomodulatory,respiratory,endocrine,reproductive and protective effects.This review discussed the contents,pharmacological,nutritional and therapeutic activities of Olea europaea.

油橄榄(Olea europaea L.)核心SNP位点筛选与评价

本研究基于前期对57份油橄榄种质资源的全基因组GBS-SNP分型结果开展核心SNP位点的筛选。统计分析73482个GPS-SNP位点发现,有68030个(92.58%)SNP位点的检出率达到100%,33979个(46.2%)位点的最小等位基因频率≥0.2,29647个(40.35%)位点的杂合率为0,其中同时符合上述3个条件(检出率=100%,最小等位基因频率≥0.2,杂合率=0)的位点有14125个(19.2%),其位置覆盖全基因组,既分布于基因区也位于基因间区,与73482个SNP位点的分布高度一致(R=0.997),多态信息量平均为0.43(0.33~0.67)。进一步以14125个SNP位点信息为依据,计算57个油橄榄品种间的遗传距离,并与基于全部位点(73482个SNPs)信息获得的对应品种间的遗传距离作比较,结果显示两者呈极显著的相关性(R=0.9),表明这些SNP位点具有多态性好、代表性广、可靠性高的特点,可作为油橄榄的核心SNP位点,适用于油橄榄品种鉴定、种质评价、基因定位和分子辅助育种。本研究对核心SNP位点在油橄榄品种鉴定中的具体应用进行了探讨,并指出至少需要11个核心SNP位点组合才能实现对57个油橄榄品种的完全区分。

Oleuropein-Specific-β-Glucosidase Activity Marks the Early Response of Olive Fruits (Olea europaea) to Mimed Insect Attack

Olive fruits are seriously deteriorated by pre and postharvest damage due to the attack of insects, such as Bactrocera olaea, which strongly alters the quality of olives. Defence response in olive fruits injured both by pathogens and by mechanical damages has been associated with the enzyme β-glucosidase, which specifically hydrolyses oleuropein, producing highly reactive aldehyde molecules. In situ detection of ^-glucosidase activity in olive fruit tissues following injury, which simulates Bactrocera oleae punctures, is reported. The assay was performed in two cultivars showing different degrees of susceptibilities to fly infestation. In both cultivars, the histochemical assay for β-glucosidase showed that within 20 min after the injury, a strong ^-glucosidase activity could be observed in the damaged tissues. Thereafter a progressive enzyme inactivation occurred starting from tissues around the boundary of the injury with decrease of the enzyme activity and stopped after 3 h. Whereas the mass of active cells reached a distance of （300±50） μm from the edge of the injury. Biochemical analyses showed that in extracts of the injured fruit, β-glucosidase activity rapidly increased within 20 min from injury, thereafter decreasing and reaching values comparable with those in intact fruits. Following puncture, the oleuropein contents did not change significantly in the high susceptibility cultivar, whereas it rapidly decreased in the cultivar showing low susceptibility. The results strongly suggest that olive fruits susceptible towards fly infestation could be related to the ability of the oleuropein-degrading-β-glucosidase to produce the highly reactive molecules in the damaged tissues. As a consequence of puncture, high level of peroxidase activity was detected. This feature also suggested that this enzyme could play a key role in the defence response against insect injuries.

Allometric equations for aboveground biomass estimation of Olea europaea L.subsp.cuspidata in Mana Angetu Forest

Introduction:African wild olive,Olea europaea L.subsp.cuspidata(Wall.ex G.Don)Cif.,L‘Olivicoltore is widely distributed in dry forest and forest margins,often with Juniperus procera,in east Africa and Ethiopia.It reaches southern Africa,also India and China,ranging from tall trees to stunted shrubs.Does best in good forest soil,but hardy and drought resistant once established,even in poor soils.It is used for firewood,charcoal,poles,posts,timber(furniture,carving,floors,and paneling),medicine(stem,bark,and leaves),bee forage,milk flavoring(smoking wood),toothbrushes(twigs),and walking sticks.Although the species has many economic and ecological functions,its environmental uses like carbon storage and climate change mitigation are less assessed.Therefore,the objective of the study was to develop species-specific allometric equations for O.europaea L.subsp.cuspidata using semi-destructive method and evaluate allometric models for estimating the aboveground biomass(AGB).Results and Discussions:After all the necessary biomass calculations were done,seven AGB equations were developed.These regression equations relate AGB with diameter at breast height(DBH),height(H),and density(ρ)individually and in combination.Out of seven,four allometric equations were chosen based on goodness-of-fit statistics and three were rejected.The selected models were tested for accuracy based on observed data.The best models selected have higher R2-adj and lower residual standard error and Akaike information criterion than rejected equations.The relations for all selectedmodels are significant(p<0.000),which showed strong correlation of AGB with selected dendrometric variables.Accordingly,the AGB was strongly correlated with DBH and was not significantly correlated with wood density and height individually in O.europaea L.subsp.cuspidata allometric equation development.In combination,AGB was strongly correlated with DBH and height;DBH and wood density;and the combination of DBH,height,and wood density.Species-specific equations are used for better carbon assessment than general equations.

Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Olea europaea on apoptosis-related genes and oxidative stress in a rat model of torsion/detorsion-induced ovarian damage

Objective: To evaluate the impact of Olea (O.) europaea extract on markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis of ovarian tissues in a rat model of torsion/detorsion-induced ovarian damage. Methods: A total of 28 Wistar female rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups, with 7 rats in each group. The sham group received a 2.5 cm longitudinal incision in the midline part of the abdomen which was then sutured with 5-0 nylon thread;the torsion/detorsion group underwent torsion induction for 3 h followed by reperfusion for 10 days;the torsion/detorsion+O. europaea group received 300 mg/kg hydro-alcoholic extract of O. europaea 30 min before detorsion, followed by reperfusion for 10 days;and the O. europaea group only received 300 mg/kg hydro-alcoholic extract of O. europaea for 10 days. After the treatment period, blood samples were taken;the levels of estrogen, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde were assayed. The histological changes, as well as the rate of apoptosis in ovarian tissues, were also carried out by histomorphometric analysis at day 10 post-procedure. Results: Histological comparisons demonstrated a significant detrimental change in the torsion/detorsion group as compared with other groups. The number of pre-antral and antral follicles and corpus luteum was significantly decreased in the torsion/detorsion group compared with the sham group, while treatment with O. europaea could enhance their numbers (P<0.05). The index of apoptosis and the number of atretic body in the ovarian tissue were significantly higher in the torsion/detorsion group compared with the sham group (P<0.05). The concentrations of glutathione peroxidase, estrogen, and superoxide dismutase as well as the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 were considerably diminished in the torsion/detorsion group while they were elevated in the torsion/detorsion+O. europaea group (P<0.05) compared with the torsion/detorsion group. The serum malondialdehyde level and the mRNA expression of Bax were markedly increased during ischemia, while treatment with O. europaea significantly diminished the increased concentrations of malondialdehyde and Bax level in the torsion/detorsion+O. europaea group (P<0.05). Conclusions: O. europaea extract can reduce the degree of tissue damage induced by oxidative stress and apoptosis in the ovary following ovarian ischemia/reperfusion.

Inhibitory effects of methanolic Olea europaea and acetonic Acacia laeta on growth of Babesia and Theileria

Objective:To evaluate the antipiroplasmic activities of methanolic extract of Olea europaea(MOE)and acetonic extract of Acacia laeta(AAL)against Babesia and Theileria parasites in vitro and evaluate the chemotherapeutic effects of these extracts against Babesia(B.)microti in vivo.Methods:Fluorescence assay using SYBR Green 1 nucleic acid stain was used to detect inhibitory effects of the two extracts as well as the combination effects of the two extracts with diminazene aceturate and atovaquone on four Babesia species and Theileria equi in vitro while for in vivo experiments,8-weekold female BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1× 107 B.microti-iRBCs and treated orally at a dose of 150 mg/kg of both extracts.Results:The half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)values of AAL against B.bovis,B.bigemina,B.divergens,B.caballi,and Theileria equi were lower than those of MOE extracts.Toxicity assay on Madin-Darby bovine kidney,mouse embryonic fibroblast(NIH/3T3),and human foreskin fibroblast cell lines showed that MOE and AAL affected only the viability of Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell line with half maximal effective concentrations(EC50)of(794.7±41.9)and(873.9±17.5)μg/mL,respectively.The oral treatments of MOE and AAL at 150 mg/kg inhibited the growth of B.microti in mice by 80.4% and 64.4%,respectively.The MOE and diminazene aceturate combination showed a higher chemotherapeutic effect than that of monotherapy.Conclusions:MOE and AAL have the potential to be an alternative remedy for treating piroplasmosis.Furthermore,the combination therapy of MOE + DA was more potent against B.microti infection in mice than their monotherapies.

Structural Features of the Leaf and Fruit of the Emerald Variety <i>Olea europaea</i>L., Growing under the Introduction Conditions of Surkhandarya

For the first time, the anatomical structure of the leaf, petiole and fruit of the emerald variety Olea europaea, which grows under the conditions of introduction in the Oltinsay district of the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan, was studied. The following characteristic diagnostic features were determined: in the leaf—the dorsiventral type of leaf mesophyll;thick-walled outer walls of the epidermis;slightly sinuous outlines of the cells of the adaxial epidermis, rectilinear-abaxial;hypostomotic leaves;non-submerged stomata of the anomocytic type;thyroid silver-gray and white-fluffy star-shaped squamous-numerous on the adaxial epidermis than on the adaxial;chlorophyll-bearing palisade and spongy parenchyma;closed collateral type of conductive bundles;the most scleralized leaf due to the presence of filamentous scleroids in it (long, thin, resembling fibers);in the petiole—parenchymal-beam type of structure;the location of the angular collenchyma under the epidermis;closed collateral type of conductive bundles;the presence of thick-walled parenchymal cells and the presence of filiformscleroids;pericarp of the fetus consists of a rigid 1-layer exocarp, parenchymal mesocarp, and sclerenchymal endocarp;the presence of scleroids—stony cells and branched sclerenchymal fibers with drops of oil in the parenchymal cells. Diagnostic signs revealed by us reflect xeromorphic of this species. All the signs were compared, and we came to the conclusion that the anatomical signs of the leaf and the fetus can be useful for providing diagnostic signs for distinguishing the studied taxa, can be used in taxonomy, and can serve to identify plant materials.

A Comparative Experimental Research on the Traditional Cultivation Technology and Intensive Cultivation Technology of Olea europaea

In order to improve the intensive cultivation and management technology of Olea europaea in the high density orchard,through an analysis on the 3 a growth,yield and orchard construction cost for different varieties and different densities in Gansu Wudu ordinary O.europaea orchard and close O.europaea planting orchard,the appropriate conditions,varieties and density for intensive orchard construction were initially selected.The results showed that the tree height growth in the ordinary orchard was 119%of the tree height growth in the high density orchard,while the ground diameter growth in the ordinary orchard was 112%of the ground diameter growth in the high density orchard,but the yield in the ordinary orchard was only 62%of the yield in the high density orchard;of the 8 new varieties introduced from Spain,"Arbequina","Arbosana"and"Koroneiki"were the appropriate varieties for the intensive orchard construction;the ratio of the ordinary orchard construction cost to the high density orchard construction cost was 1∶6.24.Under high water and fertilizer conditions,the ratio of the ordinary orchard yield to the high density orchard yield was 1∶4.481.Therefore,in the flat land area,using the appropriate intensive cultivars,and integrating the high-tech achievements and advanced management tools,can increase output per unit area,and greatly save manpower and land costs,to achieve the purpose of high quality,high yield and stable production.In the production practice,it is necessary to vigorously promote the intensive cultivation technology of O.europaea.

油橄榄(O.europaea L.)在四川的现状与开发研究

介绍了油橄榄树种的植物生物学特性、生长习性和对生长环境的生态因素的要求 ,对在四川各地零星散落的各个品种进行了相关因子的比较 ,并对各品种现状表现呈现差异性的原因进行了分析 ,为油橄榄作为退耕还林、生态重建和农村小康建设的造林绿化经济植物的开发推广提出了一系列设想和措施 .

Evaluation of the Incidence and Severity of Olive Leaf Spot Caused by <i>Spilocaea oleagina</i>on Olive Trees in Palestine

Olive Leaf Spot (OLS) is found in many parts of the world and cause readuced growth and yield in olive trees. In this study, investigations were carried out to measure the incidence (% infected leaves) and severity (number of lesions/leaf) of OLS in olive growing regions in Palestine, including the regions of Hebron, Bethlehem, Tulkarm, Salfit, Jenin, Nablus, Ramallah and Qalqiyah. OLS was found in all study areas with significantly higher percent incidences in Jenin and Nablus (67.16% ± 18.16% and 46.06% ± 23.70%, respectively). OLS was more severe in Nablus, Qalqilyah, Jenin and Tulkarm (severity grade 3.0 - 3.7). Analysis indicate that there is a positive correlation (R2 = 0.597) between disease incidence and severity. OLS appeared to be particularly severe on trees that were growing in regions with higher annual rainfall. The correlation between severity and rainfall was positive (R2 = 0.543).

Modelling the impacts of cover crop management strategies on the water use,carbon exchange and yield of olive orchards

Cover crops have long been proposed as an alternative soil management for minimizing erosion rates in olive stands while providing additional ecosystem services.However,the trade-off between these benefits and the competition for water with the trees makes the definition of optimal management practices a challenging task in semiarid climates.This work presents an improved version of OliveCan,a process-based simulation model of olive orchards that now can simulate the main impacts of cover crops on the water and carbon balances of olive orchards.Albeit simple in its formulation,the new model components were developed to deal with different cover crop management strategies.Examples are presented for simulation runs of a traditional olive orchard in the conditions of southern Spain,evaluating the effects of different widths for the strip occupied by the cover crop(Fcc)and two contrasting mowing dates.Results revealed that high Fccresulted in lower olive yields,but only when mowing was applied at the end of spring.In this regard,late mowing and high Fccwas associated with lower soil water content from spring to summer,coinciding with olive flowering and the earlier stages of fruit growth.Fccwas also negatively correlated with surface runoff irrespective of the mowing date.On the other hand,net ecosystem productivity(NEP)was substantially affected by both Fccand mowing date.Further simulations under future climate scenarios comparing the same management alternatives are also presented,showing substantial yield reductions by the end of the century and minor or negligible changes in NEP and seasonal runoff.

油茶庄园建设构想

为解决现阶段油茶产业发展中存在的“卡脖子”问题,通过对希腊油橄榄(Oleaeuropaea)企业进行实地走访和交流,学习和借鉴希腊成熟油橄榄企业在栽培、加工和销售等方面的经营理念,结合我国油茶发展现状,提出油茶庄园建设构想。广西具备深厚的油茶文化底蕴、优质的种苗基础、先进的栽培加工技术和强大的政策与资金扶持等发展油茶庄园的优势条件。油茶庄园建设应规模适当、委托管理和创新经营模式,同时利用油茶种质打造富有层次的花果景观,实现三产互通互融和协调发展,实现产业转型升级。

浙江省3个油橄榄主栽品种果实表型与品质性状分析

为摸清油橄榄Olea europaea引入浙江栽植后的表现,以3个主栽品种‘城固32号’O.uropaeain‘Chenggu32’‘鄂植8号’O.uropaeain‘Ezhi 8’和‘豆果’O.uropaeain‘Arbequina’的果实为材料,测定不同成熟度下的果实表型和品质性状,并采用方差分析、相关性分析和主成分分析法确定最佳采收期及果实表型与品质性状的差异性。结果表明,3个品种果实的成熟时间不同,成熟时间从早到晚依次为‘城固32号’(9月18日)、‘鄂植8号’(10月7日)和‘豆果’(10月28日);3个品种果实的成熟期也不同,分别为28 d(‘城固32号’)、47d(‘鄂植8号’)和68d(‘豆果’);根据鲜果质量和含油率确定‘城固32号’‘鄂植8号’和‘豆果’的最佳采收期分别为第5成熟度、第4成熟度和第5成熟度;方差分析结果表明,3个油橄榄品质性状在品种间差异显著(P<0.05),同一品种不同成熟度也存在显著差异(P<0.05);相关性分析分析结果表明,油橄榄果实表型性状间和品质性状间存在显著相关性,通过果实表型性状可以推测果实品质的差异;通过油橄榄果实品质性状主成分分析结果表明,前三个主成分的特征值最大,分别为5.88、3.52和2.16,累积贡献率达到88.86%。本文研究结果有助于通过不同油橄榄品种的表型性状差异来推断果实品质性状的差异性,可为浙江油橄榄品种引种工作提供重要参考。

武都地区初榨橄榄油酚类和脂肪酸组成对油脂氧化稳定性研究

对武都地区的白橄榄(U)、恩帕特雷(E)、奇迹(K)、阿斯(As)、中山24(Z)、云台14(Y)、皮瓜尔(P)、豆果(Arbe)、小苹果(M)、鄂植8(Ez)、阿尔伯萨拉(Arbo)、科拉蒂(C)、莱星(L)、佛奥(F)这14个品种初榨橄榄油的脂肪酸、酚类成分及油脂氧化稳定性进行检测和分析,单因素方差分析表明:品种间多酚和脂肪酸含量及油脂氧化稳定性存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。所有分析样品的脂肪酸组成均符合欧盟特级初榨橄榄油标准,初榨橄榄油中油酸质量分数在(56.12±0.24)%(豆果)和(71.45±0.42)%(科拉蒂)之间,亚油酸质量分数在(5.73±0.06)%(皮瓜尔)和(15.80±0.05)%(阿斯)之间,棕榈酸质量分数在(12.67±0.12)%(科拉蒂)和(18.76±0.04)%(豆果)之间。裂环烯醚萜类是主要的酚类成分,总酚质量分数最高为奇迹,为(471.35±29.34)mg/kg,最低为豆果,仅(165.65±8.08)mg/kg。主成分分析表明:富含橄榄苦苷苷元、女贞子苷元、橄榄裂环烯醚萜、油酸、芹菜素的品种氧化稳定性越高,而富含棕榈酸、亚油酸、酪醇、羟基酪醇、刺激醛的品种氧化稳定性越低。基于芹菜素、橄榄裂环烯醚萜、木犀草素和亚油酸建立的多元线性逐步回归模型可以预测90.70%的油脂氧化稳定性变化(p<0.001)。

油橄榄压条不定根发生的转录组分析

探明油橄榄生根过程中基因表达调控的变化规律,可为控制不定根发生的关键基因的筛选奠定基础。以油橄榄品种‘田园1号’为研究对象,采用生根粉1号(1500 mg/kg)处理油橄榄压条,并在压条后的第0、10、20、30和40 d取样(记为YT0、YT10、YT20、YT30、YT40)进行转录组测序,分析油橄榄生根过程不同阶段的差异基因的表达变化,挖掘出参与油橄榄生根过程的重要代谢通路及生根相关差异表达基因。结果显示:(1)压条生根过程中差异表达基因在YT0与YT10间共1218个,包括829个上调和389个下调;在YT10与YT20间共有1157个,包括567个上调和590个下调;在YT20与YT30间共1163个,包括499个上调和664个下调;在YT30与YT40间共1458个,包括952个上调和506个下调。(2)通过差异基因GO功能注释分析发现显著富集的类名包括细胞膜、催化活性、氧化还原酶活性、辅因子结合、转运活性、跨膜转运蛋白活性、碳水化合物代谢过程等。(3)通过差异基因KEGG富集分析,发现参与生根过程的主要通路包括植物激素信号转导、苯丙烷生物合成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸相互转化、氨基糖和核苷酸糖、核糖体、半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢等。结果表明:在压条生根过程中,与植物激素信号转导有关的基因包括ARF、GH 3、AUX1、SAUR、JAZ、CYCD3、MYC 2等;与苯丙烷生物合成途径相关的基因包括β-葡萄糖苷酶、反-肉桂酸4-单加氧酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶等;参与生根过程的转录因子包括bHLH、MYB、ERF、NAC、C2H2和WRKY等家族。

3个油橄榄品种光合特性与同化物分配规律

为研究油橄榄光合特性及同化物分配规律,使用LI-6400XT光合测定系统及13C同位素标记分别测定3个油橄榄品种的光合指标和同化物分配。结果表明,3个品种光合日变化均为典型的双峰型,存在“午休”现象。灰色关联度分析表明,影响净光合速率的主要因子是气孔导度和大气CO_(2)浓度。3个油橄榄品种的光饱和点、光补充点均高于一般阳性植物,为强阳性树种。不同品种间光合及CO_(2)响应曲线特征参数存在差异,‘佛奥’、‘鄂植8号’光合能力较强,对光和CO_(2)的利用范围及利用率高。用13C同位素法标记72 h后,光合同化物主要集中在叶片,分配率为39.52%~49.92%;种仁的光合同化物含量最低,分配率仅为6.67%~8.18%。