Oligodendrocytes in central nervous system diseases:the effect of cytokine regulation

Cytokines including tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, interferons, and chemokines are abundantly produced in various diseases. As pleiotropic factors, cytokines are involved in nearly every aspect of cellular functions such as migration, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system and play critical roles in the conduction of action potentials, supply of metabolic components for axons, and other functions. Emerging evidence suggests that both oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells are vulnerable to cytokines released under pathological conditions. This review mainly summarizes the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells in central nervous system diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells contributes to our understanding of central nervous system diseases and offers insights into treatment strategies.

Inhibitory Effect of LPS on the Proliferation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells through the Notch Signaling Pathway inIntrauterine Infection-induced Rats

Periventricular white matter injury (PWMI)is very common in survivors of premature birth,and the final outcomes are a reduction in myelinated neurons leading to white matter hypomyelination.How and (or) why the oligodendrocyte lineage develops abnormally and myelination is reduced is a hot topic in the field.This study focuses on the effect of intrauterine inflammation on the proliferation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and the underlying mechanisms.Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)(300μg/kg)was intraperitoneally injected into pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at embryonic days 19 and 20 to establish a rat model of intrauterine infection-induced white matter injury.Corpus callosum tissues were collected at postnatal day 14(P14)to quantify the number of oligodendrocytes,the number and proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), and the expression of myelin proteins (MBP and PLP).Furthermore,the expression of Writ and Notch signaling-related proteins was analyzed.The results showed that the number of oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum tissues of LPS-treated rats was reduced,and the expression levels of myelinating proteins were down-regulated.Further analysis showed that the Notch signaling pathway was down-regulated in the LPS-treated group.These results indicate that intrauterine LPS may inhibit the proliferation of OPCs by down-regulating the Notch rather than the Writ signaling pathway,leading to hypomyelination of white matter.

Human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived oligodendrocyte precursor-like cells for axon and myelin sheath regeneration

Human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton＇s jelly of the umbilical cord were induced to differentiate into oligodendrocyte precursor-like cells in vitro. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells were transplanted into contused rat spinal cords. Immunofluorescence double staining indicated that transplanted cells survived in injured spinal cord, and differentiated into mature and immature oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Biotinylated dextran amine tracing results showed that cell transplantation promoted a higher density of the corticospinal tract in the central and caudal parts of the injured spinal cord. Luxol fast blue and toluidine blue staining showed that the volume of residual myelin was significantly increased at 1 and 2 mm rostral and caudal to the lesion epicenter after cell transplantation. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining verified that the newly regenerated myelin sheath was derived from the central nervous system. Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan testing showed an evident behavioral recovery. These results suggest that human umbilical mesenchymal stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells promote the regeneration of spinal axons and myelin sheaths.

Differentiation of rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells in chemical conditional medium in vitro

Objective: To investigate in vitro differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes in chemical conditional medium. Methods: The mixed glial cells from cerebral cortices of 48-hour-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were cultured in vitro. The OPCs were separated by shaking procedure around 9–10 d in the primary culture. Then the isolated OPCs were further transferred into the chemical conditional medium for cell differentiation. The pattern of OPCs maturation in vitro was continuously observed with contrast phase microscopy and mature oligodendrocytes were further identified by immunocytochemical assays. Results: OPCs grew well when co-cultured with glial cells and distinct cellular stratification formed about 9–10 d in the primary culture, which indicated the appropriate opportunity for the separation of OPCs. Following cultured in the chemical conditional medium, the OPCs progressively differentiated into the mature oligodendrocytes. These mature oligodendrocytes were also immunostained with the oligodendrocyte lineage-specific antibody, Oligo2. Conclusion: The OPCs isolated from the cerebral cortices of neonatal SD rats can progressively differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes in the chemical conditional medium in vitro.

A New Acquaintance of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells in the Central Nervous System

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)are a heterogeneous multipotent population in the central nervous system(CNS)that appear during embryogenesis and persist as resident cells in the adult brain parenchyma.OPCs could generate oligodendrocytes to participate in myelination.Recent advances have renewed our knowledge of OPC biology by discovering novel markers of oligodendroglial cells,the myelin-independent roles of OPCs,and the regulatory mechanism of OPC development.In this review,we will explore the updated knowledge on OPC identity,their multifaceted roles in the CNS in health and diseases,as well as the regulatory mechanisms that are involved in their developmental stages,which hopefully would contribute to a further understanding of OPCs and attract attention in the field of OPC biology.

New insights into the immunologic role of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in demyelination diseases

Oligodendrocyte lineage cells(OL-lineage cells)are a cell population that are crucial for mammalian central nervous system(CNS)myelination.OL-lineage cells go through developmental stages,initially differentiating into oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs),before becoming immature oligodendrocytes,then mature oligodendrocytes(OLs).While the main function of cell lineage is in myelin formation,and increasing number of studies have turned to explore the immunological characteristics of these cells.Initially,these studies focused on discovering how OPCs and OLs are affected by the immune system,and then,how these immunological changes influence the myelination process.However,recent studies have uncovered another feature of OL-lineage cells in our immune systems.It would appear that OL-lineage cells also express immunological factors such as cytokines and chemokines in response to immune activation,and the expression of these factors changes under various pathologic conditions.Evidence suggests that OL-lineage cells actually modulate immune functions.Indeed,OL-lineage cells appear to play both"victim"and"agent"in the CNS which raises a number of questions.Here,we summarize immunologic changes in OL-lineage cells and their effects,as well as consider OL-lineage cell changes which influence immune cells under pathological conditions.We also describe some of the underlying mechanisms of these changes and their effects.Finally,we describe several studies which use OL-lineage cells as immunotherapeutic targets for demyelination diseases.

髓鞘再生的抑制因素和促进髓鞘再生策略的研究进展

在多发性硬化(MS)等脱髓鞘性疾病中,髓鞘的损伤与再生过程扮演至关重要的角色。少突胶质细胞(OLs)和少突胶质细胞前体细胞(OPCs)是这一过程的核心,它们负责新髓鞘的形成与损伤后的修复。髓鞘碎片的及时清除对于髓鞘再生至关重要,胶质细胞的功能调节在这一过程中起着中心作用。富含亮氨酸重复序列和免疫球蛋白结构域的Nogo受体相互作用蛋白-1的抑制,以及芬戈莫德等药物的应用可以显著促进髓鞘的修复和再生。此外,靶向药物和分子疗法的开发可直接影响OLs和OPCs的功能,从而有效促进髓鞘的修复和再生。未来MS综合治疗体系(包括药物疗法、基因编辑技术及干细胞技术)的应用,可从多个层面干预和修复髓鞘损伤,为患者提供更为个性化和有效的治疗方案。

延迟亚低温对新生幼鼠脑白质损伤的改善作用

目的探讨延迟亚低温对氧糖剥夺-复氧复糖诱导新生幼鼠脑白质损伤的改善作用及其可能机制。方法建立40只新生幼鼠全脑灌流和氧糖剥夺模型,随机平均分为4组进行延迟亚低温干预,每组各10只。用免疫荧光法分析各组脑切片髓鞘碱性蛋白(myelin basic protein,MBP)表达、少突胶质前体细胞(oligodendrocyte precursor cell,O4)数量。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)检测M1型和M2型小胶质细胞相关基因表达。结果在亚低温32℃延迟24、48和72h组MBP蛋白荧光强度均高于对照组,且荧光强度随着延迟时长的增加而递增;O4细胞数量均高于对照组(F分别为314.907,P<0.001),且发现细胞数量的增加与延迟时长呈显著正相关(r=0.968,P<0.001);M1型小胶质细胞的CD32、iNOS表达均低于对照组(F分别为41.451、92.912,P均<0.001),且CD32、iNOS表达均与延迟时长呈显著负相关(r分别为-0.868、-0.916,P均<0.001);M2型小胶质细胞的CD206、IL-10表达均高于对照组(F分别为79.699、63.839,P均<0.001),且CD206、IL-10表达均与延迟时长呈显著负相关(r分别为0.862、0.910,P均<0.001)。结论延迟亚低温能有效改善氧糖剥夺-复氧复糖诱导新生幼鼠脑白质损伤,其机制可能与增加O4数量和促进小胶质细胞向M2型极化有关。

少突胶质前体细胞在神经发育及疾病中的作用

少突胶质前体细胞(oligodendrocyte precursor cell,OPC)是中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)中普遍存在的胶质细胞,参与维持正常神经功能并在多种疾病中发挥重要作用。OPC功能异常在多种疾病中均有观察,包括多发性硬化症、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病以及精神障碍。这些细胞不仅可以分化为少突胶质细胞(oligodendrocyte,OL),形成髓鞘,发挥保护轴突和加速电信号传导等关键作用,还参与调节神经发育、神经环路形成以及神经可塑性,对环境因素做出响应,与神经系统疾病密切相关。OPC同时呈现显著的异质性,受到发育程序、刺激特异性的细胞反应、CNS位置、细胞间相互作用和其他调控机制的影响。本文全面综述了OPC的起源、增殖、迁移、分化等多个方面,以及其在神经发育和神经系统疾病中的关键作用。深入了解OPC的生物学功能和临床意义有助于更好地理解神经系统发育及其疾病机制,为神经系统疾病的治疗提供新的思路和策略。

P2X7受体在OPCs缺氧缺血性损伤中作用的初步研究

目的了解P2X7受体在离体培养的少突胶质前体细胞(OPCs)缺氧缺血性损伤中的作用。方法建立离体OPCs培养模型,通过乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放百分比评估细胞死亡;Western blot分析缺氧缺血前后OPCs P2X7受体表达变化。结果 (1)缺氧缺糖(OGD)后2 h,近40%OPCs死亡。OGD前预先给予P2X7受体拮抗剂BBG起到部分保护作用;OGD条件下,P2X7受体激动剂BzATP加重OPCs缺氧缺血性损伤,并且这种增强的毒性作用不能被BBG拮抗。(2)Western blot显示,OGD后2 h,P2X7受体蛋白表达迅速下调。结论 P2X7受体可能参与了OPCs缺氧缺血性损伤过程。

OPCs移植对EAE大鼠脊髓有髓神经纤维髓鞘形态及MBP表达的影响

目的观察少突胶质前体细胞(OPCs)移植对实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎(EAE)大鼠脊髓有髓神经纤维髓鞘形态的影响。方法选择30只健康大鼠随机分为正常组、模型对照组、治疗组,每组10只。正常组正常饲养,模型对照组、治疗组采用大鼠脊髓匀浆与完全弗氏佐剂混合做抗原单点皮下注射造模,造模后1周治疗组由尾静脉注入OPCs悬液,模型对照组注入同等剂量生理盐水,连续测量大鼠体重的改变,将各组大鼠心脏灌注处死,取脊髓制成切片,用髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)免疫组化染色并观察。结果造模后1周模型对照组与治疗组大鼠体重均下降。移植后,治疗组大鼠体重下降有所缓解;与正常组比较,模型对照组大鼠运动功能评分降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型对照组比较,治疗组运动评分升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型对照组比较,治疗组MBP免疫组化阳性的髓鞘数量增多。结论 OPCs移植可促进脱髓鞘模型大鼠运动功能和脊髓髓鞘的修复。

Star power: harnessing the reactive astrocyte response to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis

Astrocytes are indispensable for central nervous system development and homeostasis.In response to injury and disease,astrocytes are integral to the immunological-and the,albeit limited,repair response.In this review,we will examine some of the functions reactive astrocytes play in the context of multiple sclerosis and related animal models.We will consider the heterogeneity or plasticity of astrocytes and the mechanisms by which they promote or mitigate demyelination.Finally,we will discuss a set of biomedical strategies that can stimulate astrocytes in their promyelinating response.

大鼠少突胶质前体细胞(OPCs)纯化培养及糖氧剥夺(OGD)模型的建立

目的建立大鼠脑少突胶质前体细胞(oligodendrocyte precursor cells,OPCs)分离纯化培养及糖氧剥夺(oxygen glucose deprivation,OGD)模型。方法出生3d内的SD大鼠乳鼠取脑,经胰蛋白酶消化法培养混合胶质细胞,混合培养10d后,震摇及差速贴壁法分离纯化OPCs,纯化培养3d后鉴定、诱导分化OPCs为少突胶质细胞(oligodendrocyte,OL)及进一步OGD干预。免疫荧光法鉴定OPCs纯度及分化为OL的能力;MTT法检测OGD(37℃,1%O2,5%CO2)干预0.5h、1h、2h及4h时细胞活力改变,Edu染色检测细胞增殖情况。结果免疫荧光显示纯化培养的OPCs 95%以上表达NG2+A2B5,且可分化为MBP阳性的OL。OGD 2h时,MTT显示细胞活力明显下降,Ed U染色阳性率明显降低。结论震摇及差速贴壁法可获得高纯度的OPCs,且细胞具有分化为OL的能力。2h可作为OPCs OGD模型缺血缺氧损伤合适时间。

Oligodendrocyte pathology in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

The pathology of fetal alcohol syndrome and the less severe fetal alcohol spectrum disorders includes brain dysmyelination.Recent studies have shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying these white matter abnormalities.Rodent models of fetal alcohol syndrome and human studies have shown suppressed oligodendrocyte differentiation and apoptosis of oligodendrocyte precursor cells.Ethanol exposure led to reduced expression of myelin basic protein and delayed myelin basic protein expression in rat and mouse models of fetal alcohol syndrome and in human histopathological specimens.Several studies have reported increased expression of many chemokines in dysmyelinating disorders in central nervous system,including multiple sclerosis and fetal alcohol syndrome.Acute ethanol exposure reduced levels of the neuroprotective insulin-like growth factor-1 in fetal and maternal sheep and in human fetal brain tissues,while ethanol increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor α in mouse and human neurons.White matter lesions have been induced in the developing sheep brain by alcohol exposure in early gestation.Rat fetal alcohol syndrome models have shown reduced axon diameters,with thinner myelin sheaths,as well as reduced numbers of oligodendrocytes,which were also morphologically aberrant oligodendrocytes.Expressions of markers for mature myelination,including myelin basic protein,also were reduced.The accumulating knowledge concerning the mechanisms of ethanol-induced dysmyelination could lead to the development of strategies to prevent dysmyelination in children exposed to ethanol during fetal development.Future studies using fetal oligodendrocyte-and oligodendrocyte precursor cell-derived exosomes isolated from the mother's blood may identify biomarkers for fetal alcohol syndrome and even implicate epigenetic changes in early development that affect oligodendrocyte precursor cell and oligodendrocyte function in adulthood.By combining various imaging modalities with molecular studies,it may be possible to determine which fetuses are at risk and to intervene therapeutically early in the pregnancy.

Effect of glial cells on remyelination after spinal cord injury

Remyelination plays a key role in functional recovery of axons after spinal cord injury.Glial cells are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system.When spinal cord injury occurs,many glial cells at the lesion site are immediately activated,and different cells differentially affect inflammatory reactions after injury.In this review,we aim to discuss the core role of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and crosstalk with the rest of glia and their subcategories in the remyelination process.Activated astrocytes influence proliferation,differentiation,and maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells,while activated microglia alter remyelination by regulating the inflammatory reaction after spinal cord injury.Understanding the interaction between oligodendrocyte precursor cells and the rest of glia is necessary when designing a therapeutic plan of remyelination after spinal cord injury.

氯马斯汀对急性辐射损伤后OPCs细胞分化和髓鞘形成的影响

构建大鼠辐射损伤模型,蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot,WB)检测髓鞘碱性蛋白(Myelin basic protein,MBP)表达,从SD大鼠中分离原代少突胶质前体细胞(Oligodendrocyte precursor cells,OPCs)和神经元细胞,并通过免疫荧光检神经丝蛋白(Neurofilament protein,NF)和OPCs标志蛋白硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖(Chondroitinsulphate peoteoglycan,CSPGs/NG 2)的表达以鉴定分离的原代细胞。CCK 8(Cell counting kit-8)实验用于检测不同浓度的氯马斯汀对OPCs细胞增殖的影响。通过慢病毒构建5组毒蕈碱型受体(Muscarinic cholinergic receptor,CHMR)干扰表达载体,并通过实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR)和WB检测转染效率。此外,为探究氯马斯汀对OPCs细胞分化和髓鞘形成的影响,通过WB和免疫荧光检测MBP和OLs表达少突胶质细胞系转录因子2(Oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2,Olig 2)的表达。结果表明,氯马斯汀能够促进大鼠MBP形成,抑制OPCs细胞增殖,且具有浓度效率。与对照组相比,CHRM 1-CHRM 5干扰均显著降低了mRNA和蛋白的表达水平,其中CHRM 2干扰效率最佳。与对照组相比,CHRM 2干扰显著促进了MBP的表达,而氯马斯汀处理后进一步促进了MBP的表达;此外,免疫双荧光结果与上述推论一致,CHRM 2干扰显著促进了MBP和OLIG 2的表达,而氯马斯汀处理进一步的促进了MBP和OLIG 2的表达。氯马斯汀促进OPCs细胞分化和髓鞘形成。

延龄草皂苷对脑缺血大鼠梗死灶周围皮层少突胶质细胞GSK-3/β-catenin/CRMP2信号表达的影响

目的观察延龄草皂苷(TSTT)对脑缺血大鼠梗死灶周围皮层少突胶质细胞GSK-3/β-catenin/CRMP2信号表达的影响,探讨其改善脑缺血损伤的作用机制。方法采用线栓法制备局灶性脑缺血大鼠模型,将大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、TSTT 65 mg/kg组、TSTT 33 mg/kg组和金纳多组,各给药组灌胃相应药物,连续15 d。HE染色观察脑组织病理变化,LFB染色观察脑组织神经纤维损伤,免疫荧光染色检测梗死灶周围皮层2′,3′-环核苷酸-3′-磷酸二酯酶(CNPase)、蛋白聚糖(NG2)、糖原合成酶激酶-3β(GSK-3β)、β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)表达,实时荧光定量PCR检测梗死灶周围皮层GSK-3、β-catenin、脑衰蛋白反应调节蛋白-2(CRMP2)基因表达。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠患侧脑组织明显坏死,神经细胞大量死亡,胞体皱缩,单位面积神经细胞数量显著减少(P<0.01),神经纤维丢失、排列混乱,髓鞘中有大量空泡,神经纤维相对积分光密度显著减少(P<0.01);与模型组比较,TSTT 65、33 mg/kg组大鼠神经细胞形态有所改善,单位面积神经细胞数量显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),神经纤维排列较有序,髓鞘中空泡较少,神经纤维相对积分光密度显著增加(P<0.01)。免疫荧光染色结果显示,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠梗死灶周围皮层CNPase阳性表达显著降低,NG2阳性表达显著升高(P<0.01),NG2/GSK-3β、NG2/β-catenin、CNPase/GSK-3β、CNPase/β-catenin阳性细胞显著增加(P<0.01);与模型组比较,TSTT 65、33 mg/kg组大鼠梗死灶周围皮层CNPase、NG2表达显著升高,CNPase/GSK-3β、NG2/GSK-3β阳性细胞显著减少,CNPase/β-catenin、NG2/β-catenin阳性细胞显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠梗死灶周围皮层GSK-3αmRNA表达显著升高(P<0.05),β-catenin、CRMP2 mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);与模型组比较,TSTT 65 mg/kg组大鼠梗死灶周围皮层GSK-3α、GSK-3βmRNA表达显著降低,β-catenin和CRMP2 mRNA表达显著升高(P<0.05)。结论TSTT可减轻脑缺血大鼠脑组织损伤,保护少突胶质细胞,促进少突胶质前体细胞存活,其机制可能与下调GSK-3表达,上调β-catenin、CRMP2表达有关。

神经胶质细胞与神经突触的相互作用——从星形胶质细胞到小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞谱系细胞

哺乳动物的大脑是一个由神经元、神经胶质细胞和超过1×1014个突触组成的复杂的器官。神经元是一组异质的电活性细胞,形成大脑复杂电回路的框架。然而,神经胶质细胞约占哺乳动物中枢神经系统(CNS)所有神经细胞的一半,主要分为星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞(OL)和少突胶质细胞前体细胞(OPC);神经胶质细胞主要为大脑中的神经元提供营养支持。近二十年来,“三联突触”的概念引起了广泛关注,该概念强调星形胶质细胞是突触的组成部分,并在接受神经元信号后以反馈方式调节神经元活动。自此,神经胶质细胞的突触调节得到了广泛的研究和实质性的修改。本综述总结了关于神经胶质细胞(特别是小胶质细胞和OL谱系细胞)如何影响和重塑大脑突触结构和功能的最新重要发现。我们的综述强调了神经元-神经胶质细胞串扰的细胞和分子方面,并提供了有关神经元和神经胶质细胞之间的异常突触通讯如何导致神经病理学的额外信息。

生酮饮食激活脂肪酸氧化促进ME区的少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖

下丘脑正中隆起(mdian eminence,ME)是神经元和少突胶质细胞的可能生态位,营养因素可能通过诱导ME区细胞变化而调控下丘脑功能。为了确定生理条件下休眠的下丘脑干细胞是否存在饮食诱导的可塑性,本研究使用正常饲料、高脂饮食和生酮饮食(一种低碳水、高脂肪的饮食)等不同喂养方式,比较了不同饮食条件下小鼠ME区伸展细胞(tanycytes,TCs)和少突胶质细胞前体细胞(oligodendrocyte precursor cells,OPCs)的增殖情况,首次发现生酮饮食可诱导促进ME区OPCs增殖,阻断脂肪酸氧化通路可抑制生酮饮食诱导的OPCs增殖。本研究初步揭示了饮食诱导对ME区OPCs的影响,为进一步研究ME区OPCs的功能提供了启示。

内质网钙通道IP3R2在小鼠少突胶质细胞增殖和分化中的作用

目的:利用神经细胞原代培养体系研究内质网钙通道蛋白三磷酸肌醇受体2(IP3R2)的拮抗剂对小鼠少突胶质细胞增殖分化的作用。方法:分离并纯化新生小鼠大脑皮质来源的少突胶质前体细胞(OPC)。利用real time RT-PCR检测不同分化阶段少突胶质细胞中IP3R2 mRNA的表达水平;利用细胞钙成像观察给予IP3R2拮抗剂2-氨基乙氧基二苯基硼酸盐(2-APB)对OPC的Ca^(2+)活动影响;利用免疫荧光染色法检测2-APB对OPC中Ki67、2′,3′-环核苷酸3′-磷酸二酯酶(CNPase)和髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)的表达情况以及对细胞周期的影响。结果:IP3R2 mRNA水平在未成熟少突胶质细胞阶段最高;2-APB处理OPC可显著降低细胞内Ca^(2+)浓度;Ki67标记的增殖OPC比例在2-APB处理组显著降低;且2-APB的处理可以延长OPC的细胞周期进程。在诱导分化的少突胶质细胞培养物中,2-APB处理可以使CNPase^(+)与MBP^(+)细胞数量显著增加。结论:IP3R2介导的细胞内钙库释放对于OPC的增殖与分化具有重要的调控作用,为治疗其异常相关疾病提供了重要的思路。