The possibility of improving egg yolk lipids of laying hens by olive cake （OC） feeding was investigated. Forty-two, 54-week-old, Lohman laying hens were fed for 12 weeks on 3 diets formulated to contain 0, 28.5 or 5...The possibility of improving egg yolk lipids of laying hens by olive cake （OC） feeding was investigated. Forty-two, 54-week-old, Lohman laying hens were fed for 12 weeks on 3 diets formulated to contain 0, 28.5 or 57 g OC/kg. Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins （HDL） were determined. Also total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins （LDL）, Phospholipids and fatty acids were determined in egg yolk. Olive cake feeding at 28.5 or 57 g/kg diet decreased cholesterol and triglycerides of plasma, without affecting HDL. It also decreased total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL and Phospholipids of yolk （P 〈 0.001）. Total （monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA） was decreased with OC feeding at 28.5 g/kg diet, while it was increased with the 57 g/kg dietary OC. The two levels of OC decreased total （saturated fatty acids, SFA） but increased total （polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA）, n-6 PUFA, and n-3 PUFA of egg yolk, compared to the control. Thus, according to the results of the present experiment feeding hens 57 g OC/kg diet lowers cholesterol and total SFA and increases total MUFA, total PUFA, total n-3 PUFA and docosahexanoic acid in egg yolk.展开更多
In this work, the potential for energy production in Jordan was explored using four distinct types of biomass samples (olive cakes, woods). The proximate analysis, oil content, and higher heating value were all determ...In this work, the potential for energy production in Jordan was explored using four distinct types of biomass samples (olive cakes, woods). The proximate analysis, oil content, and higher heating value were all determined experimentally and compared to other biomass previously published in the literature. The findings appear to be similar to other biomass materials utilized as solid biofuel feed-stock materials. Olive cake and wood samples have lower calorific values than anthracite coal, ranging from 25% to 40% lower. According to the results of this study, olive cake samples had the highest oil extractive content (14.5 wt%), followed by pine and beech woody samples with 8.9 wt% and 3.1 wt%, respectively. The calorific values of the biomass samples tested ranged from 18 to 22 MJ/kg, making them suitable for use as fuel. Moreover, the high volatile matter content (78% to 93%) was appropriate for chemical energy conversion by gasification or combustion process. Jordan can create roughly 8000 tons of pomace oil per year from the waste solid olive cake, based on existing results. Furthermore, the olive cake’s energy potential in Jordan is estimated to be 38 MW based on the higher heating value of the tested samples and the annual quantity of this resource. In the meantime, due to limited annual production, Jordanian firewood has the modest energy potential (2.4 MW).展开更多
文摘The possibility of improving egg yolk lipids of laying hens by olive cake （OC） feeding was investigated. Forty-two, 54-week-old, Lohman laying hens were fed for 12 weeks on 3 diets formulated to contain 0, 28.5 or 57 g OC/kg. Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins （HDL） were determined. Also total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins （LDL）, Phospholipids and fatty acids were determined in egg yolk. Olive cake feeding at 28.5 or 57 g/kg diet decreased cholesterol and triglycerides of plasma, without affecting HDL. It also decreased total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL and Phospholipids of yolk （P 〈 0.001）. Total （monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA） was decreased with OC feeding at 28.5 g/kg diet, while it was increased with the 57 g/kg dietary OC. The two levels of OC decreased total （saturated fatty acids, SFA） but increased total （polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA）, n-6 PUFA, and n-3 PUFA of egg yolk, compared to the control. Thus, according to the results of the present experiment feeding hens 57 g OC/kg diet lowers cholesterol and total SFA and increases total MUFA, total PUFA, total n-3 PUFA and docosahexanoic acid in egg yolk.
文摘In this work, the potential for energy production in Jordan was explored using four distinct types of biomass samples (olive cakes, woods). The proximate analysis, oil content, and higher heating value were all determined experimentally and compared to other biomass previously published in the literature. The findings appear to be similar to other biomass materials utilized as solid biofuel feed-stock materials. Olive cake and wood samples have lower calorific values than anthracite coal, ranging from 25% to 40% lower. According to the results of this study, olive cake samples had the highest oil extractive content (14.5 wt%), followed by pine and beech woody samples with 8.9 wt% and 3.1 wt%, respectively. The calorific values of the biomass samples tested ranged from 18 to 22 MJ/kg, making them suitable for use as fuel. Moreover, the high volatile matter content (78% to 93%) was appropriate for chemical energy conversion by gasification or combustion process. Jordan can create roughly 8000 tons of pomace oil per year from the waste solid olive cake, based on existing results. Furthermore, the olive cake’s energy potential in Jordan is estimated to be 38 MW based on the higher heating value of the tested samples and the annual quantity of this resource. In the meantime, due to limited annual production, Jordanian firewood has the modest energy potential (2.4 MW).
