Olive trees are susceptible to a variety of diseases that can cause significant crop damage and economic losses.Early detection of these diseases is essential for effective management.We propose a novel transformed wa...Olive trees are susceptible to a variety of diseases that can cause significant crop damage and economic losses.Early detection of these diseases is essential for effective management.We propose a novel transformed wavelet,feature-fused,pre-trained deep learning model for detecting olive leaf diseases.The proposed model combines wavelet transforms with pre-trained deep-learning models to extract discriminative features from olive leaf images.The model has four main phases:preprocessing using data augmentation,three-level wavelet transformation,learning using pre-trained deep learning models,and a fused deep learning model.In the preprocessing phase,the image dataset is augmented using techniques such as resizing,rescaling,flipping,rotation,zooming,and contrasting.In wavelet transformation,the augmented images are decomposed into three frequency levels.Three pre-trained deep learning models,EfficientNet-B7,DenseNet-201,and ResNet-152-V2,are used in the learning phase.The models were trained using the approximate images of the third-level sub-band of the wavelet transform.In the fused phase,the fused model consists of a merge layer,three dense layers,and two dropout layers.The proposed model was evaluated using a dataset of images of healthy and infected olive leaves.It achieved an accuracy of 99.72%in the diagnosis of olive leaf diseases,which exceeds the accuracy of other methods reported in the literature.This finding suggests that our proposed method is a promising tool for the early detection of olive leaf diseases.展开更多
The Mediterranean diet has long been recognized as one of the most effective ways to prevent and improve cardiovascular disease.Extra virgin olive oil(EVOO)is the typical sources of fat in the Mediterranean diet which...The Mediterranean diet has long been recognized as one of the most effective ways to prevent and improve cardiovascular disease.Extra virgin olive oil(EVOO)is the typical sources of fat in the Mediterranean diet which have been shown to have noteworthy nutritional value and positive impact on human health.It is worth noting that EVOO owes its superior nutritional value to its bioactive composition.The main component of EVOO is monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFAs)in the form of oleic acid.Oleic acid accounts for up to 70%-80%of EVOO.Secondly,EVOO contains approximately more than 30 phenolic compounds,of which HT is essential for the protection against cardiovascular diseases.In this review,we focused on the potential mechanisms of oleic acid and polyphenols combat cardiovascular diseases risk in terms of oxidative stress,inflammation,blood pressure,endothelial function and cholesterol.This review might provide a reference for the studies on cardiovascular protective effects of EVOO.展开更多
Despite the fact that a few countries in the Mediterranean and the Middle East have limited crude oil reserves, they have abundant biomass feedstocks. For instance, Jordan relies heavily on the importation of natural ...Despite the fact that a few countries in the Mediterranean and the Middle East have limited crude oil reserves, they have abundant biomass feedstocks. For instance, Jordan relies heavily on the importation of natural gas and crude oil for its energy needs;but, by applying thermochemical conversion techniques, leftover olive oil can be used to replace these energy sources. Understanding the chemical, physical, and thermal characteristics of raw materials is essential to obtaining the most out of these conversion processes. Thermogravimetric analysis was used in this study to examine the thermal behavior of olive-solid residue (kernel) at three different heating rates (5, 20 and 40 C/min) in nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres. The initial degradation temperature, the residual weight at 500 and 700˚C and the thermal degradation rate during the devolatilization stage (below 400˚C) were all determined. It was found that in N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> atmospheres, both the initial degradation temperature and the degradation rate increase with increasing heating rates. As heating rates increase in the N<sub>2</sub> atmosphere, the residual weight at 500 or 700˚C decreases slightly, but at low heating rates compared to high heating rates in the O<sub>2</sub> atmosphere, it decreases significantly. This suggests that a longer lignin oxidation process is better than a shorter one. Coats and Redfern approach was used to identify the mechanism and activation energy for the devolatilization stage of pyrolysis and oxidation reactions. The process mechanism analysis revealed that the model of first-order and second-order reactions may adequately describe the mechanism of heat degradation of the devolatilization step of olive-solid waste for pyrolysis and oxidation processes, respectively.展开更多
The olive mill waste waters (OMWW) generated from olive oil extraction is a major environmental concern since they are characterized by their role as a pollutant (high organic and mineral matters) and their pH acid. T...The olive mill waste waters (OMWW) generated from olive oil extraction is a major environmental concern since they are characterized by their role as a pollutant (high organic and mineral matters) and their pH acid. The aim of this study was to valorize (OMWW) by anaerobic fermentation in the presence of cow manure in order to produce biogas and reduce their toxic load. Many tests were carried out by fermenting (OMWW) with polyphenols in the presence of cow manure in thermophile temperatures. The performance of this treatment was valuated through measurements of biogas production and by the determination of different parameters of fermented media (pH, volume of the biogas and polyphenols).展开更多
The numerous health benefits of olive oil are widely known,however,it also provides anti-allergic properties that have not yet been fully defined.In this study,the anti-allergic activity of olive oil was evaluated by ...The numerous health benefits of olive oil are widely known,however,it also provides anti-allergic properties that have not yet been fully defined.In this study,the anti-allergic activity of olive oil was evaluated by analyzing the clinical symptoms and immune-related factors in BALB/c mice that had ingested600 mg/(kg·day)olive oil for two weeks prior to the evaluation.An allergy model was subsequently constructed for analysis,the results of which showed that the olive oil reduced the scores of allergic symptoms in the mice,and up-regulated the hypothermia and the decline in the immune organ index.Moreover,fewer allergy-related cytokines and reduced intestinal inflammation was discovered in the olive oil-treated group.In addition,analysis of intestinal mucosal immune-related factors revealed that the olive oil promoted the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins(Claudin-1,Occludin,and ZO-1)and IL-22,and helped maintain the integrity of the intestinal epithelial physical barrier.Increased levels of mucin 2 andβ-defensin were also found in the intestinal mucus of the olive oil-treated mice.These findings suggest that the oral administration of olive oil effectively attenuated the ovalbumin-induced allergic immune response in the mice,and had a positive effect on intestinal epithelial mucosal immunity.展开更多
The nesting behaviour of sea turtles remains a subject to study, due to their enigmatic pattern of seasonal breeding activities. Over a period of time, several reports have been made in this context associated with th...The nesting behaviour of sea turtles remains a subject to study, due to their enigmatic pattern of seasonal breeding activities. Over a period of time, several reports have been made in this context associated with the nesting behaviour of the Olive Ridley turtles. In the present study, characteristics of the breeding beach and nesting pattern of Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) at Ramnagar along N-E coast of Andaman Islands were investigated, during the nesting periods 2016-2017. The study area hosts Olive Ridley, the dominant sea turtles with more than 300 individuals nesting each year. For this study, the number of sea turtles visited, nested, the sediment characters, salinity, and temperature were taken. The exposed sandy nesting beach characteristics are prone to varying degrees of morphological changes every day. The results depict that even though similar grain size (Coarse Sand to Fine Sand and Very well sorted to Poorly Sorted), with an ambient incubating temperature, pH and salinity with wide nesting area, the selective nesting in the particular location of the beach identified because of comfortable energy conditions in the waters (1.5 m/s) favours the female turtles to reach the beach at the preferable site of Ramnagar and nest.展开更多
Nesting behaviour of sea turtles remains a subject to study, due to their enigmatic pattern of seasonal breeding activities. In the present study, characteristics of the breeding turtle, Olive Ridley (Lepidochely...Nesting behaviour of sea turtles remains a subject to study, due to their enigmatic pattern of seasonal breeding activities. In the present study, characteristics of the breeding turtle, Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) at Ramnagar along N-E coast of North Andaman Islands were investigated, for the nesting periods 2016-2017. Olive Ridley is the dominant sea turtles, with more than 300 individuals nesting every season with at least a 75% hatching success rate. It is one of the conducive, highly protective and undisturbed nesting sites for Olive Ridley on North Andaman coast. In the present study an initiative is made, to identify nature’s cues and the biological characteristics of Olive Ridley, which leads it to nest at Ramnagar beach, with a high hatchling success rate.展开更多
Olive productivity should be improved through stimulating nutrition,particularly under poor fertility soils.Consequently,the objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of applying organic and bio-fertilizers o...Olive productivity should be improved through stimulating nutrition,particularly under poor fertility soils.Consequently,the objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of applying organic and bio-fertilizers on the physiological growth,yield and fruit quality of olive trees under newly reclaimed poor-fertility sandy soil in an arid environment.During a field experiment carried out at El-Qantara,North Sinai,Egypt over two consecutive seasons(2019-2020 and 2020-2021),olive Kalamata trees were evaluated under three organic fertilizer treatments alone or in combination with three bio-fertilizers treatments.Organic fertilizer was applied as goat manure(16.8 kg/tree/year),or olive pomace(8.5 kg/tree/year)in mid-December of each season vs.untreated trees.The bio-fertilizers were applied as N-fixing bacteria(150 g/tree)was inculated in early March of each season,or amino acid mixture(1.5%)was applied three times,at 70%of full bloom,21 days after full bloom,and a month later in comparison to a non-fertilized trees(control).The cultivar used was Kalamata,a dual-purpose cultivar for oil and table olives whose value increases when processed as table olives.The results indicated that the goat manure followed by olive pomace significantly enhanced photosynthetic pigments(chlorophyll a,b,and carotenoids),leaf mineral contents(N,P,K,Ca,Mg and Fe),tree canopy volume,number of flowers per inflorescence,number of inflorescences per shoot,initial fruit set,fruit retention.For fruit quality,fruit length and width,fruit weight,and total fruit yield was increased compared to the non-fertilized control.Likewise,The bio-fertilizer N-fixing bacteria followed by the amino acid mixture significantly improved all of the aforementioned parameters.Accordingly,it is recommended,both environmentally and economically to utilize organic and bio-fertizers,particularly goat manure combined with N-fixing bacteria,in low-fertility soil to sustain olive production as well as reducing mineral fertilization.展开更多
In this study olive biomass was pyrolysis in a 400 cm<sup>3</sup> stainless steel reactor. It was externally heated by an electrical furnace in which the temperature is measured by a thermocouple inserted ...In this study olive biomass was pyrolysis in a 400 cm<sup>3</sup> stainless steel reactor. It was externally heated by an electrical furnace in which the temperature is measured by a thermocouple inserted into the bed. The effect of the catalyst ratio to the biomass (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 40%) on the pyrolysis yield was investigated and compared with the uncatalyzed pyrolysis yield product. The bio-oil products yield from the pyrolysis process was found to increase as the catalyst ratio increased. The bio-oil yield from the olive oil-cake, which was 36.1% without the catalyst, reached the maximum value of 39.3% on using activated catalyst at 10% by weight. The gas products yield was found to increase upon using catalyst compared to the non-catalytic pyrolysis. The reduction in the bio-oil yield product was accompanied with a significant reduction in the oxygen content. The pyrolysis oil was examined using chromatographic analysis techniques. The chemical characterization showed that the bio-oil obtained from olive oil cake might be potentially valuable as a fuel and chemical feedstock.展开更多
As a master of language, Charles Dickens was good at creating a kind of humorous or ironic atmosphere by using the same word. This paper focuses on the word "board" used as a pun in Chapter Ⅱ in Oliver Twis...As a master of language, Charles Dickens was good at creating a kind of humorous or ironic atmosphere by using the same word. This paper focuses on the word "board" used as a pun in Chapter Ⅱ in Oliver Twist to analyze its features and functions.展开更多
Olive leaves have an antioxidant capacity, and olive leaf extract can protect the blood, spleen and hippocampus in lead-poisoned mice. However, little is known about the effects of olive leaf extract on lead-induced b...Olive leaves have an antioxidant capacity, and olive leaf extract can protect the blood, spleen and hippocampus in lead-poisoned mice. However, little is known about the effects of olive leaf extract on lead-induced brain injury. This study was designed to determine whether olive leaf extract can inhibit lead-induced brain injury, and whether this effect is associated with antioxidant capacity. First, we established a mouse model of lead poisoning by continuous intragastric administration of lead acetate for 30 days. Two hours after successful model establishment, lead-poisoned mice were given olive leaf extract at doses of 250, 500 or 1 000 mg/kg daily by intragastric administration for 50 days. Under the transmission electron microscope, olive leaf extract attenuated neuronal and capillary injury and reduced damage to organelles and the matrix around the capillaries in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex in the lead-poisoned mice. Olive leaf extract at a dose of 1 000 mg/kg had the greatest protective effect. Spectrophotometry showed that olive leaf extract significantly in- creased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phes- phatase, while it reduced malondialdehyde content, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed that olive leaf extract dose-dependently decreased Bax protein expression in the cerebral cortex of lead-poisoned mice. Our findings indicate that olive leaf extract can inhibit lead-induced brain injury by increasing antioxidant capacity and reducing apop- tosis.展开更多
Myocardial infarction triggers massive biochemical changes, even cardiac cell death. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in the pathology of myocardial infarction-mediated apoptosis. In the present study, myocard...Myocardial infarction triggers massive biochemical changes, even cardiac cell death. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in the pathology of myocardial infarction-mediated apoptosis. In the present study, myocardial cell line H9c2 cells were treated with cobalt chloride(CoCl_2) to induce hypoxia. Isoproterenol was used for two successive days to induce myocardial infarction in SD rats. The cardioprotective effect of olive leaf extract(OLE) and its main constituent hydroxytyrosol and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated. The results showed that hydroxytyrosol markedly protected H9c2 cells against CoCl2-induced apoptosis. Hydroxytyrosol could reduce the mRNA and protein expression of GRP78 and CHOP induced by CoCl2 in vitro. In vivo, the decreased ejection fraction and fractional shortening, increased heart weight/body ratio, the formation of infarction, disordered cardiac muscle fibers and infiltration of inflammatory cells induced by isoproterenol could be significantly ameliorated by pretreatment with OLE for a month. Similarly, OLE could also reverse the increase of GRP78 and CHOP expression induced by isoproterenol. Therefore, OLE and hydroxytyrosol exert a cardioprotective effect through endoplasmic reticulum stress, which could be a new target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.展开更多
The culture of Sertoli cells has become an indispensable resource in studying spermatogenesis.A new Sertoli cell line(POSC) that consisted predominantly of fibroblast-like cells was derived from the testis of the oliv...The culture of Sertoli cells has become an indispensable resource in studying spermatogenesis.A new Sertoli cell line(POSC) that consisted predominantly of fibroblast-like cells was derived from the testis of the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and sub-cultured for 48 passages.Analysis of the mtDNA COI gene partial sequence confirmed that the cell line was from P.olivaceus.Cells were optimally maintained at 25℃ in DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum,basic fibroblast growth factor,and epidermal growth factor.The growth curve of POSC showed a typical "S" shape.Chromosome analysis revealed that the cell line possessed the normal P.olivaceus diploid karyotype of 2n=48t.POSC expressed dmrt1 but not vasa,which was detected using RT-PCR and sequencing.Immunocytochemistry revealed that the cells exhibited the testicular Sertoli cell marker FasL.Therefore,POSC appeared to consist of testicular Sertoli cells.Bright fluorescent signals were observed after the cells were transfected with pEGFP-N3 plasmid,with the transfection efficiency reaching 10%.This research not only offers an ideal model for further gene expression and regulation studies on P.olivaceus,but also serves as valuable material in studying fish spermatogenesis,Sertoli cell-germ cell interactions,and the mechanism of growth and development of testis.展开更多
Activated carbon was produced from olive stones(OSAC) by a physical process in two steps. The adsorption character of this activated carbon was tested on three colour dyes molecules in aqueous solution: Methylene b...Activated carbon was produced from olive stones(OSAC) by a physical process in two steps. The adsorption character of this activated carbon was tested on three colour dyes molecules in aqueous solution: Methylene blue(MB), Rhodamine B(RB) and Congo Red(CR). The adsorption equilibrium was studied through isotherms construction at 30℃, which were well described by Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity on the OSAC was estimated to be 303 mg/g, 217 mg/g and 167 mg/g respectively for MB, RB and CR. This activated carbon has a similar adsorption properties to that of commercial ones and show the same adsorption performances. The adsorption kinetics of the MB molecule in aqueous solution at different initial concentrations by OSAC was also studied. Kinetic experiments were well fitted by a simple intra-particle diffusion model. The measured kinetics constant was influenced by the initial concentration and we found the following correlation: Kid = 1.55 C0^0.51.展开更多
文摘Olive trees are susceptible to a variety of diseases that can cause significant crop damage and economic losses.Early detection of these diseases is essential for effective management.We propose a novel transformed wavelet,feature-fused,pre-trained deep learning model for detecting olive leaf diseases.The proposed model combines wavelet transforms with pre-trained deep-learning models to extract discriminative features from olive leaf images.The model has four main phases:preprocessing using data augmentation,three-level wavelet transformation,learning using pre-trained deep learning models,and a fused deep learning model.In the preprocessing phase,the image dataset is augmented using techniques such as resizing,rescaling,flipping,rotation,zooming,and contrasting.In wavelet transformation,the augmented images are decomposed into three frequency levels.Three pre-trained deep learning models,EfficientNet-B7,DenseNet-201,and ResNet-152-V2,are used in the learning phase.The models were trained using the approximate images of the third-level sub-band of the wavelet transform.In the fused phase,the fused model consists of a merge layer,three dense layers,and two dropout layers.The proposed model was evaluated using a dataset of images of healthy and infected olive leaves.It achieved an accuracy of 99.72%in the diagnosis of olive leaf diseases,which exceeds the accuracy of other methods reported in the literature.This finding suggests that our proposed method is a promising tool for the early detection of olive leaf diseases.
基金supported by the CACMS Innovation Fund(CI2021A00914)the Beijing Novaprogram(Z211100002121062)+1 种基金the Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province(2C32001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82004193)。
文摘The Mediterranean diet has long been recognized as one of the most effective ways to prevent and improve cardiovascular disease.Extra virgin olive oil(EVOO)is the typical sources of fat in the Mediterranean diet which have been shown to have noteworthy nutritional value and positive impact on human health.It is worth noting that EVOO owes its superior nutritional value to its bioactive composition.The main component of EVOO is monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFAs)in the form of oleic acid.Oleic acid accounts for up to 70%-80%of EVOO.Secondly,EVOO contains approximately more than 30 phenolic compounds,of which HT is essential for the protection against cardiovascular diseases.In this review,we focused on the potential mechanisms of oleic acid and polyphenols combat cardiovascular diseases risk in terms of oxidative stress,inflammation,blood pressure,endothelial function and cholesterol.This review might provide a reference for the studies on cardiovascular protective effects of EVOO.
文摘Despite the fact that a few countries in the Mediterranean and the Middle East have limited crude oil reserves, they have abundant biomass feedstocks. For instance, Jordan relies heavily on the importation of natural gas and crude oil for its energy needs;but, by applying thermochemical conversion techniques, leftover olive oil can be used to replace these energy sources. Understanding the chemical, physical, and thermal characteristics of raw materials is essential to obtaining the most out of these conversion processes. Thermogravimetric analysis was used in this study to examine the thermal behavior of olive-solid residue (kernel) at three different heating rates (5, 20 and 40 C/min) in nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres. The initial degradation temperature, the residual weight at 500 and 700˚C and the thermal degradation rate during the devolatilization stage (below 400˚C) were all determined. It was found that in N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> atmospheres, both the initial degradation temperature and the degradation rate increase with increasing heating rates. As heating rates increase in the N<sub>2</sub> atmosphere, the residual weight at 500 or 700˚C decreases slightly, but at low heating rates compared to high heating rates in the O<sub>2</sub> atmosphere, it decreases significantly. This suggests that a longer lignin oxidation process is better than a shorter one. Coats and Redfern approach was used to identify the mechanism and activation energy for the devolatilization stage of pyrolysis and oxidation reactions. The process mechanism analysis revealed that the model of first-order and second-order reactions may adequately describe the mechanism of heat degradation of the devolatilization step of olive-solid waste for pyrolysis and oxidation processes, respectively.
文摘The olive mill waste waters (OMWW) generated from olive oil extraction is a major environmental concern since they are characterized by their role as a pollutant (high organic and mineral matters) and their pH acid. The aim of this study was to valorize (OMWW) by anaerobic fermentation in the presence of cow manure in order to produce biogas and reduce their toxic load. Many tests were carried out by fermenting (OMWW) with polyphenols in the presence of cow manure in thermophile temperatures. The performance of this treatment was valuated through measurements of biogas production and by the determination of different parameters of fermented media (pH, volume of the biogas and polyphenols).
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1605003-3)the Science and Technology Projects of Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau(3502Z20183034)。
文摘The numerous health benefits of olive oil are widely known,however,it also provides anti-allergic properties that have not yet been fully defined.In this study,the anti-allergic activity of olive oil was evaluated by analyzing the clinical symptoms and immune-related factors in BALB/c mice that had ingested600 mg/(kg·day)olive oil for two weeks prior to the evaluation.An allergy model was subsequently constructed for analysis,the results of which showed that the olive oil reduced the scores of allergic symptoms in the mice,and up-regulated the hypothermia and the decline in the immune organ index.Moreover,fewer allergy-related cytokines and reduced intestinal inflammation was discovered in the olive oil-treated group.In addition,analysis of intestinal mucosal immune-related factors revealed that the olive oil promoted the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins(Claudin-1,Occludin,and ZO-1)and IL-22,and helped maintain the integrity of the intestinal epithelial physical barrier.Increased levels of mucin 2 andβ-defensin were also found in the intestinal mucus of the olive oil-treated mice.These findings suggest that the oral administration of olive oil effectively attenuated the ovalbumin-induced allergic immune response in the mice,and had a positive effect on intestinal epithelial mucosal immunity.
文摘The nesting behaviour of sea turtles remains a subject to study, due to their enigmatic pattern of seasonal breeding activities. Over a period of time, several reports have been made in this context associated with the nesting behaviour of the Olive Ridley turtles. In the present study, characteristics of the breeding beach and nesting pattern of Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) at Ramnagar along N-E coast of Andaman Islands were investigated, during the nesting periods 2016-2017. The study area hosts Olive Ridley, the dominant sea turtles with more than 300 individuals nesting each year. For this study, the number of sea turtles visited, nested, the sediment characters, salinity, and temperature were taken. The exposed sandy nesting beach characteristics are prone to varying degrees of morphological changes every day. The results depict that even though similar grain size (Coarse Sand to Fine Sand and Very well sorted to Poorly Sorted), with an ambient incubating temperature, pH and salinity with wide nesting area, the selective nesting in the particular location of the beach identified because of comfortable energy conditions in the waters (1.5 m/s) favours the female turtles to reach the beach at the preferable site of Ramnagar and nest.
文摘Nesting behaviour of sea turtles remains a subject to study, due to their enigmatic pattern of seasonal breeding activities. In the present study, characteristics of the breeding turtle, Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) at Ramnagar along N-E coast of North Andaman Islands were investigated, for the nesting periods 2016-2017. Olive Ridley is the dominant sea turtles, with more than 300 individuals nesting every season with at least a 75% hatching success rate. It is one of the conducive, highly protective and undisturbed nesting sites for Olive Ridley on North Andaman coast. In the present study an initiative is made, to identify nature’s cues and the biological characteristics of Olive Ridley, which leads it to nest at Ramnagar beach, with a high hatchling success rate.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Jouf University for funding this work through Research Grant No.(DSR2020-01-2553).
文摘Olive productivity should be improved through stimulating nutrition,particularly under poor fertility soils.Consequently,the objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of applying organic and bio-fertilizers on the physiological growth,yield and fruit quality of olive trees under newly reclaimed poor-fertility sandy soil in an arid environment.During a field experiment carried out at El-Qantara,North Sinai,Egypt over two consecutive seasons(2019-2020 and 2020-2021),olive Kalamata trees were evaluated under three organic fertilizer treatments alone or in combination with three bio-fertilizers treatments.Organic fertilizer was applied as goat manure(16.8 kg/tree/year),or olive pomace(8.5 kg/tree/year)in mid-December of each season vs.untreated trees.The bio-fertilizers were applied as N-fixing bacteria(150 g/tree)was inculated in early March of each season,or amino acid mixture(1.5%)was applied three times,at 70%of full bloom,21 days after full bloom,and a month later in comparison to a non-fertilized trees(control).The cultivar used was Kalamata,a dual-purpose cultivar for oil and table olives whose value increases when processed as table olives.The results indicated that the goat manure followed by olive pomace significantly enhanced photosynthetic pigments(chlorophyll a,b,and carotenoids),leaf mineral contents(N,P,K,Ca,Mg and Fe),tree canopy volume,number of flowers per inflorescence,number of inflorescences per shoot,initial fruit set,fruit retention.For fruit quality,fruit length and width,fruit weight,and total fruit yield was increased compared to the non-fertilized control.Likewise,The bio-fertilizer N-fixing bacteria followed by the amino acid mixture significantly improved all of the aforementioned parameters.Accordingly,it is recommended,both environmentally and economically to utilize organic and bio-fertizers,particularly goat manure combined with N-fixing bacteria,in low-fertility soil to sustain olive production as well as reducing mineral fertilization.
文摘In this study olive biomass was pyrolysis in a 400 cm<sup>3</sup> stainless steel reactor. It was externally heated by an electrical furnace in which the temperature is measured by a thermocouple inserted into the bed. The effect of the catalyst ratio to the biomass (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 40%) on the pyrolysis yield was investigated and compared with the uncatalyzed pyrolysis yield product. The bio-oil products yield from the pyrolysis process was found to increase as the catalyst ratio increased. The bio-oil yield from the olive oil-cake, which was 36.1% without the catalyst, reached the maximum value of 39.3% on using activated catalyst at 10% by weight. The gas products yield was found to increase upon using catalyst compared to the non-catalytic pyrolysis. The reduction in the bio-oil yield product was accompanied with a significant reduction in the oxygen content. The pyrolysis oil was examined using chromatographic analysis techniques. The chemical characterization showed that the bio-oil obtained from olive oil cake might be potentially valuable as a fuel and chemical feedstock.
文摘As a master of language, Charles Dickens was good at creating a kind of humorous or ironic atmosphere by using the same word. This paper focuses on the word "board" used as a pun in Chapter Ⅱ in Oliver Twist to analyze its features and functions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,No.1107RJZK243a grant from Gansu Provincial Education Committee,No.1128B-01
文摘Olive leaves have an antioxidant capacity, and olive leaf extract can protect the blood, spleen and hippocampus in lead-poisoned mice. However, little is known about the effects of olive leaf extract on lead-induced brain injury. This study was designed to determine whether olive leaf extract can inhibit lead-induced brain injury, and whether this effect is associated with antioxidant capacity. First, we established a mouse model of lead poisoning by continuous intragastric administration of lead acetate for 30 days. Two hours after successful model establishment, lead-poisoned mice were given olive leaf extract at doses of 250, 500 or 1 000 mg/kg daily by intragastric administration for 50 days. Under the transmission electron microscope, olive leaf extract attenuated neuronal and capillary injury and reduced damage to organelles and the matrix around the capillaries in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex in the lead-poisoned mice. Olive leaf extract at a dose of 1 000 mg/kg had the greatest protective effect. Spectrophotometry showed that olive leaf extract significantly in- creased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phes- phatase, while it reduced malondialdehyde content, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed that olive leaf extract dose-dependently decreased Bax protein expression in the cerebral cortex of lead-poisoned mice. Our findings indicate that olive leaf extract can inhibit lead-induced brain injury by increasing antioxidant capacity and reducing apop- tosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81472977)foundation from the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsGraduate Student Practice and Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province Ordinary University (SJZZ 15_0117)
文摘Myocardial infarction triggers massive biochemical changes, even cardiac cell death. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in the pathology of myocardial infarction-mediated apoptosis. In the present study, myocardial cell line H9c2 cells were treated with cobalt chloride(CoCl_2) to induce hypoxia. Isoproterenol was used for two successive days to induce myocardial infarction in SD rats. The cardioprotective effect of olive leaf extract(OLE) and its main constituent hydroxytyrosol and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated. The results showed that hydroxytyrosol markedly protected H9c2 cells against CoCl2-induced apoptosis. Hydroxytyrosol could reduce the mRNA and protein expression of GRP78 and CHOP induced by CoCl2 in vitro. In vivo, the decreased ejection fraction and fractional shortening, increased heart weight/body ratio, the formation of infarction, disordered cardiac muscle fibers and infiltration of inflammatory cells induced by isoproterenol could be significantly ameliorated by pretreatment with OLE for a month. Similarly, OLE could also reverse the increase of GRP78 and CHOP expression induced by isoproterenol. Therefore, OLE and hydroxytyrosol exert a cardioprotective effect through endoplasmic reticulum stress, which could be a new target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(Nos.2012AA10A408,2012AA10A402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41276171)the National Flatfish Industry System Construction Program(No.nycytx-50-G03)
文摘The culture of Sertoli cells has become an indispensable resource in studying spermatogenesis.A new Sertoli cell line(POSC) that consisted predominantly of fibroblast-like cells was derived from the testis of the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and sub-cultured for 48 passages.Analysis of the mtDNA COI gene partial sequence confirmed that the cell line was from P.olivaceus.Cells were optimally maintained at 25℃ in DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum,basic fibroblast growth factor,and epidermal growth factor.The growth curve of POSC showed a typical "S" shape.Chromosome analysis revealed that the cell line possessed the normal P.olivaceus diploid karyotype of 2n=48t.POSC expressed dmrt1 but not vasa,which was detected using RT-PCR and sequencing.Immunocytochemistry revealed that the cells exhibited the testicular Sertoli cell marker FasL.Therefore,POSC appeared to consist of testicular Sertoli cells.Bright fluorescent signals were observed after the cells were transfected with pEGFP-N3 plasmid,with the transfection efficiency reaching 10%.This research not only offers an ideal model for further gene expression and regulation studies on P.olivaceus,but also serves as valuable material in studying fish spermatogenesis,Sertoli cell-germ cell interactions,and the mechanism of growth and development of testis.
文摘Activated carbon was produced from olive stones(OSAC) by a physical process in two steps. The adsorption character of this activated carbon was tested on three colour dyes molecules in aqueous solution: Methylene blue(MB), Rhodamine B(RB) and Congo Red(CR). The adsorption equilibrium was studied through isotherms construction at 30℃, which were well described by Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity on the OSAC was estimated to be 303 mg/g, 217 mg/g and 167 mg/g respectively for MB, RB and CR. This activated carbon has a similar adsorption properties to that of commercial ones and show the same adsorption performances. The adsorption kinetics of the MB molecule in aqueous solution at different initial concentrations by OSAC was also studied. Kinetic experiments were well fitted by a simple intra-particle diffusion model. The measured kinetics constant was influenced by the initial concentration and we found the following correlation: Kid = 1.55 C0^0.51.