The Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games

The first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens in 1896.While in those early days of the Olympics only amateur and gentleman athletes were allowed to participate,today Olympic athletes are highly trained professionals often dedicating decades of preparation for the chance to compete in the Olympic Games.In sharp contrast to these highly trained athletes,the world’s population becomes less physically active on average,resulting in an obesity epidemic with associated metabolic syndrome and increased mortality through non-communicable diseases(e.g.,Collins et al.^(1)).

Scientific Advances and Weather Services of the China Meteorological Administration’s National Forecasting Systems during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics

Since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was the first Winter Olympics in history held in continental winter monsoon climate conditions across complex terrain areas,there is a deficiency of relevant research,operational techniques,and experience.This made providing meteorological services for this event particularly challenging.The China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre,achieved breakthroughs in research on short-and medium-term deterministic and ensemble numerical predictions.Several key technologies crucial for precise winter weather services during the Winter Olympics were developed.A comprehensive framework,known as the Operational System for High-Precision Weather Forecasting for the Winter Olympics,was established.Some of these advancements represent the highest level of capabilities currently available in China.The meteorological service provided to the Beijing 2022 Games also exceeded previous Winter Olympic Games in both variety and quality.This included achievements such as the“100-meter level,minute level”downscaled spatiotemporal resolution and forecasts spanning 1 to 15 days.Around 30 new technologies and over 60 kinds of products that align with the requirements of the Winter Olympics Organizing Committee were developed,and many of these techniques have since been integrated into the CMA’s operational national forecasting systems.These accomplishments were facilitated by a dedicated weather forecasting and research initiative,in conjunction with the preexisting real-time operational forecasting systems of the CMA.This program represents one of the five subprograms of the WMO’s high-impact weather forecasting demonstration project(SMART2022),and continues to play an important role in their Regional Association(RA)II Research Development Project(Hangzhou RDP).Therefore,the research accomplishments and meteorological service experiences from this program will be carried forward into forthcoming highimpact weather forecasting activities.This article provides an overview and assessment of this program and the operational national forecasting systems.

National Image Construction from the Perspective of Multimodal Metaphor-A Case Study of the Opening Ceremony of the Beijing Winter Olympics

The national image is a comprehensive concept with a distinct political feature,including the international image presented to the outside world,and also encompassing the national identity of the people.With the development of globalization,international cultural communication has become a crucial part of shaping the national image,and the opening ceremony of the Beijing Winter Olympics has become an important opportunity for China to showcase its national image to the world in the post-pandemic era.Based on Forceville’s multimodal metaphor theory,this paper examines the metaphorical phenomena contained in the performance and their functions,effects,and purposes in the construction of the national image.It is found that there are many scenes,images,and narratives in the opening ceremony,including war metaphor,competition metaphor,personification metaphor,and other conceptual metaphors.The focus of this paper is on multimodal metaphor in a broad sense,mainly encompassing auditory and visual modes.Through the use of these multimodal metaphors,the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics builds an image of a vibrant,peace-loving,and responsible country,which not only demonstrates China’s cultural self-confidence,but also expresses the Chinese people’s beautiful vision for the early reunification of the motherland.

Effects of a closed-loop system against SARS-CoV-2 at the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games:a descriptive and modeling study

BACKGROUND:To assess the efficacy of the epidemic prevention measures of the“closed-loop”system adopted by the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games(BOWG).METHODS:We retrospectively collected and analyzed information,including age,sex,nationality,vaccination status,date of diagnosis,and date of entry,from 280 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals identified during the BOWG.A susceptibility-exposed-infectious-remove model was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of epidemic prevention strategies on controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 under different scenarios during the BOWG.RESULTS:Regarding SARS-CoV-2-positive cases,97.9%were imported,and 96.4%were asymptomatic.The median age was 37 years(range:29–47 years),and 73.9%were male,with the majority of cases being broadcasters and European attendees.Regarding vaccination status,93.5%were fully vaccinated,and six cases were considered to have been infected in the closed-loop system during the BOWG.Assuming that the BOWG adopted a semi-closed-loop management system,the cumulative number of confirmed cases would be 1,137 for quick quarantine measures(3 d later)implemented and 5,530 for delayed quarantine measures(9 d later)implemented.This modeling revealed that stringent pandemic prevention measures and closed-loop management effectively controlled the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the BOWG.CONCLUSION:Imported cases are considered the main risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 transmission during mass gatherings,but a comprehensive closed-loop system could minimize transmission among attendees and general personnel.

功能性训练的科学性诠释及其运用

功能性训练的本质在于提高运动员身体的功能,即完成技术动作的能力,将运动员通过训练获得的身体素质在完成动作中表现出来。功能性训练体系中,"Olympic lifting"提高运动员功率输出能力,"Plymetric training"提高动作之间的衔接能力,核心区力量练习、稳定性训练保证训练高效。在运用时,功能性训练要以身体素质训练为基础;要遵循"力量分期训练"理论,避免运动损伤的产生;要注意动作模式难度和功能性进阶,选择好适合运动员实际水平的动作模式。

Preliminary Discussion on the Sea Water Quality Status in the 2008 Olympics Boat-sailing Field and Adjacent Area

A cruise of survey in the 2008 Olympics boat-sailing field and adjacent area was carried out on August 28^th, 2003. Preliminarily analysis on the eutrophication status was made on the basis of the content of dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN）, dissolved inorganic phosphate （PO4-P）, dissolved oxygen（DO） and chemical oxygen demand （COD） as well. The results indicated that in most of the survey area, water quality was in accordance with the 1^st class National Seawater Standard except the average concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon which was beyond the 2^nd class National Seawater Standard. The concentrations of PO4-P as well as DIN were mainly influenced by the runoff or drainage from lands, with a comparatively higher concentration in the coastal areas from the Fushan Bay to the Shilaoren bathing beach. The distribution of eutrophication index （El） showed that part of the survey area was in a state of slight eutrophication The eutrophication was mostly influenced by the land runoff or drainage and related factors. The sea water quality of the Olympic boat-sailing field was fine and just slightly polluted on the whole.

现代篮球运动员快速力量训练辨析

篮球运动员的快速力量训练不仅仅是指爆发力训练,篮球运动员的起动力、反应力等快速力量对篮球运动员的竞技能力也有着非常重要的影响。最大力量训练法、"Olympic lifting"训练法、"Ballistic"训练法、"Plyometrics"训练法对提高运动员不同形式的快速力量都有一定的作用,但侧重提高的具体快速力量不同,在训练中要根据运动员快速力量的实际情况,选择适宜的训练方法进行有针对性的训练。

历届奥运会举办地的选择及利弊分析

奥运会是目前世界上规模最大、水平最高、影响最广的国际性综合运动会,其宗旨是为建立一个和平、美好的新世界做出贡献。从1896年现代奥运会诞生到现在,一百多年来奥运会已经举办了26届。分析历届奥运会举办地的选择方式,研究其利弊,对改革和发展奥运会大有稗益。

Olympic torch relay abroad and its reflection on English teaching at home

What happened to the Olympic torch relay abroad reveals how little and superficially the western countries, in particular, know of china. Meanwhile there also exists a lack or vacancy of English teaching in English teaching at home. The failure of expressing Chinese culture and conditions correctly and fluently among the English learners has already resulted in negative impact on our international image, which is related to our teaching policy of strengthening western culture and neglecting the export of our own culture. Therefore, in the English teaching at all levels, great attention should be paid to the cross-cultural communication between home culture and the culture of target language, the promotion of expressing mother culture in foreign languages, and exporting and broadcasting Chinese culture.

浅议高中英语阅读教学中学生主体地位的发挥

教育是以学生为本的。那么,在高中阅读课的教学中应如何调动学生学习的主观能动性,激发学生的主体意识,以达到培养学生能力、提高学生素质的目的呢?笔者以为以下几点尤为重要:

扩建南澳Olympic坝的环境考虑

最近,投资20亿澳元(12亿美元)扩建Olympic坝,使得其生产能力提高到从约9×106t矿石中开采和选冶出0.2×106t阴极铜、4 500t铀氧化物(UOC)、25×105 g Au和26×106 g Ag盎司银.扩建需要事先准备和批准环境影响报告(EIS).在设计和扩建期间应用的设计标准和实施法规确保在建造期间没有环境意外事故发生,执行环境管理体系已确保被扩建设施的作业继续保持对环境产生较低影响.

电大《英语》第三册考试须知及自测综合试题(2)

第二部分:语言知识和阅读测试Ⅳ.选择填空.A、B、C和D四项选择中只有一项是正确的,在正确的选项上划圈.

Fuwa:we are the mascots of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games

Time:2008Place:BeijingCharacters:Beibei,Jingjing,Huanhuan,Yingying,Nini,Some kids,Storyteller Scene I:We are FuwaStoryteller: Look,five lovely little friends—Fuwa are coming.

BOCOG Promotes Protection of Olympic Marks

The BOCOG promoted the protection of Olympic intellectual property rights(知识产权)by giving out leaflets(传单),showing display boards and playing promotional videos to the public at Beijing Lufthansa Friendship Shopping Mall in eastern part of Beijing on the moming of April 26, 2005. The promotional activity was jointly held by the BOCOG legal department and the Chaoyang Branch of Beijing Adminis tration of Industry and Commerce(BAIC).

Size Distributions of Aerosol Sulfates and Nitrates in Beijing during the 2008 Olympic Games： Impacts of Pollution Control Measures and Regional Transport

For the 2008 Olympic Games, drastic control measures were implemented on industrial and urban emissions of sulfur dioxide （SO2）, nitrogen oxides （NOx） and other pollutants to address the issues of poor air quality in Beijing. To investigate the effects of SO2 and NOx reductions on the particulate sulfate and nitrate concentrations as well as their size distributions, size-segregated aerosol samples were collected using micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors （MOUDIs） at urban and downwind rural sites in Beijing before and after full-scale controls. During the sampling period, the mass concentrations of fine particles （PMI.s） at the urban and rural sites were 94.0 and 85.9 p.g m-3, respectively. More than 90% of the sulfates and 60% of nitrates formed as fine particles. Benefiting from the advantageous meteorological conditions and the source controls, sulfates were observed in rather low concentrations and primarily in condensation mode during the Olympics. The effects of the control measures were separately analyzed for the northerly and the southerly air-mass-dominated days to account for any bias. After the control measures were implemented, PM, sulfates, and nitrates were significantly reduced when the northerly air masses prevailed, with a higher percentage of reduction in larger particles. The droplet mode particles, which dominated the sulfates and nitrates before the controls were implemented, were remarkably reduced in mass concentration after the control measures were implemented. Nevertheless, when the polluted southerly air masses prevailed, the local source control measures in Beijing did not effectively reduce the ambient sulfate concentration due to the enormous regional contribution from the North China Plain.

Medical services for sports injuries and illnesses in the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games

BACKGROUND:Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games was the second Games held amid the COVID-19 pandemic.To a certain extent,it has altered the way sporting activities operate.There is a lack of knowledge on injury risk and illness occurrence in elite winter sport athletes amid the COVID-19 pandemic.This study aimed to describe the incidence of injuries and illnesses sustained during the XXIV Olympic Winter Games in Beijing from February 4 to 20,2022.METHODS:We recorded the daily number of injuries and illnesses among athletes reported by Beijing 2022 medical staff in the polyclinic,medical venues,and ambulance.We calculated injury and illness incidence as the number of injuries or illnesses occurring during competition or training,respectively,with incidence presented as injuries/illnesses per 100 athlete-days.RESULTS:In total,2,897 athletes from 91 nations experienced injury or illness.Beijing 2022 medical staff reported 326 injuries and 80 illnesses,equaling 11.3 injuries and 2.8 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 17-day period.Altogether,11%of the athletes incurred at least one injury and nearly 3%incurred at least one illness.The number of injured athletes was highest in the skating sports(n=104),followed by alpine skiing(n=53),ice track(n=37),freestyle skiing(n=36),and ice hockey(n=35),and was the lowest in the Nordic skiing disciplines(n=20).Of the 326 injuries,14(4.3%)led to an estimated absence from training or competition of more than 1 week.A total of 52 injured athletes were transferred to hospitals for further care.The number of athletes with illness(n=80)was the highest for skating(n=33)and Nordic skiing(n=22).A total of 50 illnesses(62.5%)were admitted to the department of dentistry/ophthalmology/otolaryngology,and the most common cause of illness was other causes,including preexisting illness and medicine(n=52,65%).CONCLUSION:Overall,11%of athletes incurred at least one injury during the Games,which is similar to the findings during the Olympic Winter Games in 2014 and 2018.Regarding illness,2%of athletes were affected,which is approximately one-third of the number affected in the 2018 Olympic Winter Games.

Reductions of PM_(2.5) in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomerations during the 2008 Olympic Games

The Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring Network successfully undertook the task of monitoring the atmospheric quality of Beijing and its surrounding area during the 2008 Olympics. The results of this monitoring show that high concentrations of PM2.5 pollution exhibited a regional pattern during the monitoring period （1 June-30 October 2008）. The PM2.5 mass concentrations were 53 μg m-3, 66 p.g m-3, and 82 μg m-3 at the background site, in Beijing, and in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations, respectively. The PM2.5 levels were lowest during the 2008 Olympic Games （8-24 August）： 35μg m-3 at the background site, 42 μg m-3 in Beijing and 57 μg m-3 in the region. These levels represent decreases of 49%, 48% and 56%, respectively, compared to the prophase mean concentration before the Olympic Games. Emission control measures contributed 62% 82% of the declines observed in Beijing, and meteorological conditions represented 18%-38%. The concentration of fine particles met the goals set for a ＂Green Olympics.＂

The Structure and Evolution of Sea Breezes During the Qingdao Olympics Sailing Test Event in 2006

Using data from automatic surface weather stations, buoys, lidar and Doppler, the diurnal variation and the three-dimensional structure of the sea breezes near the sailing sites of the Good Luck Beijing- 2006 Qingdao International Regatta from 18 to 31 August 2006 are analyzed. Results show that excluding rainy days and days affected by typhoon, the sea breezes occur nearly every day during this period. When Qingdao is located at the edge of the subtropical high at 500 hPa, the sea breeze is usually stronger, around 3-4 m s^-1. It starts at around 1100 to 1300 LST and lasts about 6 hours. The direction of the sea breeze tends to be southeasterly. When Qingdao is under the control of the subtropical high, the sea breeze is usually weaker, less than 2.5 m s^-1 throughout the day, and begins later, between 1300 and 1500 LST. In this case, the direction of the sea breeze is variable from easterly to southeasterly. Most sea breezes in Qingdao are very shallow, up to 300 meters deep. Strong sea breezes can reach 1.5 km in depth and can push as far as 100 km inland. If the Huanghai sea breeze moves inland and meets the sea breeze of the Jiaozhou Bay in the western part of Qingdao, the sea breeze will strengthen and form three boundaries due to the interaction of the two sea breezes.

Landscape Space Construction Based on Motion Vision——A Case Study of Landscape Design of Sichuan Olympic Sports School in China

After the analysis of the beauty contained in motion vision, the paper had pointed out that motion vision was the link for spectators relating and communicating with aesthetic objects and decided landscape space construction sequence. It further analyzed the relations between architectural space and visual perception which could be divided into inner experience and external experience. By taking landscape space construction of Sichuan Olympic Sports School for example, based on the analysis of design principles and objective of landscape space, the paper had focused on the discussion of landscape concept in terms of motion vision. In the perspective of two-dimensional vision, landscape effects of White Pigeon Square and Bright Eyes Square had been introduced. In the perspective of three-dimensional vision, landscape effects of the Olympic Rings waterscape and the Olympic Rings gallery had been illustrated. Finally, based on the integration between landscapes and architectures under visual perception, the coordination between campus architectures and landscape construction in Olympic Sports School had been analyzed.

Androgenic-anabolic steroids and the Olympic Games

Androgenic-anabolic steroids （AAS） have been misused by athletes at the Olympic Games, both before and after they were prohibited in sport in 1974. Systematic doping with AAS occurred in the German Democratic Republic （GDR） from 1965 to 1989 which assisted that country to win many medals at Olympic Games, especially in female events. Currently, AAS are the most frequent category of prohibited substances detected in the urine of athletes both globally and at the last two Summer Olympic Games. Scientific confirmation that AAS are effective in enhancing sports performance was difficult because ethical approval was difficult for research involving male subjects taking massive doses of androgens as some athletes and bodybuilders did. Methods to detect AAS have evolved gradually over the past three decades and currently, despite an impressive array of sophisticated analytical equipment and methods, anti-doping authorities and analytical scientists continue to face challenges as have occurred from the use by athletes of designer AAS during the past few years. The future development and use of selective androgen receptor modulators （SARMs） can be anticipated to pose problems in the years ahead. Endocrinologists should be aware that on occasions, replacement testosterone （T） therapy may be authorized in sport as a therapeutic use exemption （TUE） and these circumstances are discussed.