The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation in Bronchial Asthma

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease. Allergies are intensely related to bronchial asthma and to other respiratory diseases such as chronic sinusitis, middle ear infections, and nasal polyps. Treatment can vary from inhalers to oral medications to drugs delivered in a nebulizer or breathing machine. Besides, dietary involvement was a significant tool to reduce the severity of many chronic inflammatory diseases including asthma. Randomly assigned, double blind, and placebo controlled 290 adults with mild to moderately persistent bronchial asthma concluded in this study, were subjected to alternating phases of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin C and Zn either singly or in combination. Subjective symptom improvement, pulmonary function, and biochemical tests were carried out at the beginning of the study and at the end of each therapeutic phase. The study findings showed that nearly half of the cases were in age between 18 years to 40 years followed by 29.6 of the cases that fall in age range between 40 years and 60 years. It was clear that all the four supplements (ogema-3 fatty acids, vitamin C and Zn, and combination) contributed more than placebo in reducing the severity of bronchial asthma. However, omega 3 fatty acids and combined supplement significantly contributed in symptomatic improvement (p < 0.05). There was a significant improvement of pulmonary function and sputum inflammatory markers with diet supplementation (p < 0.05). So, the subjects with mild and moderately persistent bronchial asthma may get benefit from their dietary supplementation with omega 3 fatty acids, Zinc and vitamin C. It is evident from this study that omega 3 fatty acids and combined supplementation significantly improved the severity of bronchial asthma.

The Global Research Progress of Enzymatic Processing of Oils with Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

This paper has reviewed that Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), as an essential fatty acids (EFAs), mainly come from fish oil of marine products, has positive effects on treatment and/or prevention of several diseases. In this review, the recent developments by 2019 in the field of enzymatic modification of oils rich in omega 3 PUFAs have summarized. Several different products, such as structured lipids with a variety of FA compositions, nutritional aspects, omega 3 PUFA concentrates and phospholipids,have discussed from the point of process technology as well as possible applications. Enhancing omega 3 PUFA content in diet involves a number of strategies aiming to modify the content of such FAs in fats and oils. Due to the mild reaction conditions used, especially the lipase specificity, the position as well as content of omega 3 PUFAs in lipid molecules being of importance from the point of bioavailability, enzymatic processing of omega 3 PUFA oil is safe, efficient and preferred over chemical treatments.

A Clinical Trial of Mediterranean Diet Enriched with Fatty Fish in Pediatric Asthma： Study Protocol

Background： Considerable interest exists in the therapeutic potential of dietary omega 3 fatty acids in asthma, due to anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects. The aim of this Randomized Controlled Trial is to investigate the efficacy of fatty fish consumption in the context of the Mediterranean diet in ameliorating symptoms in pediatric asthma. Methods： Children aged 5-12 years with physician-diagnosed ＂mild asthma＂ will be recruited from a pediatric asthma clinic in Athens and randomized to two groups. The intervention group will consume two meals of fatty fish （≥ 150g cooked fish） per week over a period of 6 months as part of the Greek Mediterranean diet. The control group consumes their usual diet. Questionnaires will be used to collect data on socio-demographics, medical history, dietary habits, adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern, asthma control and quality of life. Pulmonary function will be assessed using spirometry and exhaled nitric oxide analysis. In addition, blood tests will be undertaken to assess metabolic profile, biomarkers of nutritional status and dietary intake. Discussion： This clinical dietary intervention will evaluate the therapeutic potential of a Mediterranean diet enriched with fatty fish on pediatric asthma and assist in devising dietary guidelines for the management of pediatric asthma.

Statistical optimization and formulation of microalga cultivation medium for improved omega 3 fatty acid production

Microalgae are considered a rich source of high-value metabolites with an array of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.Diferent strategies have been developed for cultivating microalgae at large-scale photobioreactors but high cost and low productivity are the major hurdles.Optimizing the composition of media for the cultivation of microalgae to induce biomass production and high-value metabolite accumulation has been considered as an important factor for sustainable product development.In this study,the efect of plant growth regulators together with basal microalgal cultivation medium on biomass,total lipid,and EPA production was studied using the Plackett–Burman model and Response surface methodology.The traditional one-factor-at-a-time optimization approach is laborious,time-consuming,and requires more experiments which makes the process and analysis more difcult.The Designed PB model was found to be signifcant for biomass(396 mg/L),lipid(254 mg/L),and EPA(5.6%)production with a P value<0.05.The major objective of this study is to formulate a medium for EPA production without compromising the growth properties.Further,we had formulated a new media using RSM to achieve the goal and the signifcant variables selected were NaNO_(3),NaH_(2)PO_(4),and IAA and was found to be signifcant with 16.72%EPA production with a biomass production of 893 mg/L with a P value<0.05.The formulated medium can be used in large-scale cultivation systems which can enhance biomass production as well as the omega 3 fatty acid production in marine microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica.

Total Replacement of Fish Oil with Vegetable Oils in the Diet of Juvenile Jade Perch Scortum barcoo Reared in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

To determine the replacement of fish oil with vegetable oils in the diet of juvenile Jade perch Scortum barcoo, four feeds with each a different oil （fish, sunflower, linseed and a mixture of 75% canola and 25% linseed oil）, were fed to Jade perch reared in recirculating aquaculture systems （RAS）. The trial lasted for 10 weeks and the fatty acid （FA） profile of both feed and fish muscle tissue were examined. There was no difference in growth, feed conversion rate （FCR） and mortality. The fish grew from 10 g to 110 g with a FCR of 1.25 and 0 mortality. The FA profile of the fish muscle tissue reflected the FA profile of the feed. The flesh of the fish that were fed the linseed oil diet, were extremely high in omega-3 （n-3） polyunsaturated FA （n-3 PUFA） with 3.75% of wet weight. This is one of the highest concentrations of n-3 PUFA ever recorded in fish flesh. In a finishing feeding test, the remaining vegetable oil fed fish were fed the fish oil diet for another two weeks immediately after the 10 weeks trial, to check for a possible recovery of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids （HUFA）. The wash out rate of FA towards n-3 HUFA in the muscle tissue was about 25% over this two weeks period.

Inflammation and intestinal leakiness in older HIVD individuals with fish oil treatment

Fish oil is a natural product that has shown efficacy for managing inflammatory conditions with few side effects.There is emerging evidence that crosstalks between gut epithelial cells and immune cells contribute to chronic infectious diseases.HIV-infected(HIVt)older adults show age-related co-morbidities at a younger age than their uninfected counterparts.Persistent inflammation related to the chronic viral infection and its sequelae is thought to contribute to this disparity.However,little is known about whether fish oil reduces intestinal inflammation in HIV t patients.We measure inflammation and gut barrier function in HIV t older adults(median age Z 52,N Z 33),following 12 weeks of fish oil supplementation(a total daily dose of 1.6 g of omega-3 fatty acids).We showed a reduction in inflammation and gut permeability as measured by CD14,inflammatory cytokines,lipopolysaccharide,and lipopolysaccharide binding protein.The results indicate that older HIV t adults may benefit from a diet supplemented with the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil.