Objective To investigate whether Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could create a strong immunity barrier.Methods Blood samples were collected at two different time points from...Objective To investigate whether Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could create a strong immunity barrier.Methods Blood samples were collected at two different time points from 124 Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infected patients and 124 controls matched for age,gender,and vaccination profile.Live virus-neutralizing antibodies against five SARS-CoV-2 variants,including WT,Gamma,Beta,Delta,and Omicron BA.1,and T-lymphocyte lymphocyte counts in both groups were measured and statistically analyzed.Results The neutralizing antibody titers against five different variants of SARS-CoV-2 were significantly increased in the vaccinated population infected with the Omicron BA.1 variant at 3 months after infection,but mainly increased the antibody level against the WT strain,and the antibody against the Omicron strain was the lowest.The neutralizing antibody level decreased rapidly 6 months after infection.The T-lymphocyte cell counts of patients with mild and moderate disease recovered at 3 months and completely returned to the normal state at 6 months.Conclusion Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection mainly evoked humoral immune memory in the original strain after vaccination and hardly produced neutralizing antibodies specific to Omicron BA.1.Neutralizing antibodies against the different strains declined rapidly and showed features similar to those of influenza.Thus,T-lymphocytes may play an important role in recovery.展开更多
The Omicron sub-lineage BA.2 has caused a new round of infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),leading to a surge in the number of COVID-19 cases in many countries,including China.Beca...The Omicron sub-lineage BA.2 has caused a new round of infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),leading to a surge in the number of COVID-19 cases in many countries,including China.Because the subvariant BA.2 shows strong infectivity,fast transmission,strong immune escape ability,relatively mild symptoms,strong concealment,difficult to find and so on,it has gradually become a new challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic.Understanding the virological characteristics of Omicron sub-lineage BA.2 is of great significance for epidemic prevention and control.This paper briefly summarizes the virological characteristics and prevention and control strategies of Omicron sub-lineage BA.2.展开更多
Since the outbreak of COVID-19,with the emergence of a series of novel coronavirus variants of different types,COVID-19 has continued to spread across the globe,posing a huge threat to the lives and health of people a...Since the outbreak of COVID-19,with the emergence of a series of novel coronavirus variants of different types,COVID-19 has continued to spread across the globe,posing a huge threat to the lives and health of people around the world and posing a severe challenge to global public health security.Recently,the World Health Organization(WHO)announced that novel coronavirus variant strain"Omicron"subtype variant strain BA.2 has been found in 57 countries and regions.It has higher vaccine and antibody tolerance and is more infectious than omicron(B.1.1.529).In this paper,we briefly review the recent studies on the omicron subtype variant strain BA.2.展开更多
Since the outbreak of COVID-19,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 genome is still mutating,forming a variety of variants with strong transmission capacity,causing the spread of the epidemic worldwide,posi...Since the outbreak of COVID-19,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 genome is still mutating,forming a variety of variants with strong transmission capacity,causing the spread of the epidemic worldwide,posing a serious threat to people's physical and mental health,and posing a major challenge to global public health.Omicron remains the main variant in several outbreaks worldwide,accounting for about 99%of the global genetic sequence.Recently,the World Health Organization announced that the subvariant of Omicron BA.5 has been found in more than 100 countries and regions around the world,causing the global epidemic rebound.However,there are few studies on the subvariant BA.5.This article reviews the latest research progress in epidemiology,infectivity,pathogenicity,vaccine and monoclonal antibody protection against Omicron subvariant BA.5,in order to provide reference for scientific prevention and control of Omicron subvariant BA.5.展开更多
BA.2 is a novel omicron offshoot of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)that has gone viral.There is limited knowledge regarding this variant of concern.Current evidence suggests that this varia...BA.2 is a novel omicron offshoot of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)that has gone viral.There is limited knowledge regarding this variant of concern.Current evidence suggests that this variant is more contagious but less severe than previous SARS-CoV-2 variants.However,there is concern regarding the virus mutations that could influence pathogenicity,transmissibility,and immune evasion.展开更多
Large population passages of the SARS-CoV-2 in the past two and a half years have allowed the circulating virus to accumulate an increasing number of mutations in its genome. The most recently emerging Omicron subvari...Large population passages of the SARS-CoV-2 in the past two and a half years have allowed the circulating virus to accumulate an increasing number of mutations in its genome. The most recently emerging Omicron subvariants have the highest number of mutations in the Spike (S) protein gene and these mutations mainly occur in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the S gene. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (eCDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend partial Sanger sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 S gene RBD and NTD on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive samples in diagnostic laboratories as a practical means of determining the variants of concern to monitor possible increased transmissibility, increased virulence, or reduced effectiveness of vaccines against them. The author’s diagnostic laboratory has implemented the eCDC/WHO recommendation by sequencing a 398-base segment of the N gene for the definitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples, and sequencing a 445-base segment of the RBD and a 490 - 509-base segment of the NTD for variant determination. This paper presents 5 selective cases to illustrate the challenges of using Sanger sequencing to diagnose Omicron subvariants when the samples harbor a high level of co-existing minor subvariant sequences with multi-allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or possible recombinant Omicron subvariants containing a BA.2 RBD and an atypical BA.1 NTD, which can only be detected by using specially designed PCR primers. In addition, Sanger sequencing may reveal unclassified subvariants, such as BA.4/BA.5 with L84I mutation in the S gene NTD. The current large-scale surveillance programs using next-generation sequencing (NGS) do not face similar problems because NGS focuses on deriving consensus sequence.展开更多
The status of coinfection during the national outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)Omicron BA.5.2 or BF.7 in China in the winter of 2022,which is suspected to contribute substantially...The status of coinfection during the national outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)Omicron BA.5.2 or BF.7 in China in the winter of 2022,which is suspected to contribute substantially to the overloaded severe cases,needs to be investigated.We analyzed the coinfection status of 385 severe patients infected with the Omicron variant in Guangzhou using metagenomic sequencing.We found that 317(82.3%)patients were coinfected with at least one additional pathogen(s),including bacteria(58.7%),fungi(27.1%)and viruses(73.5%).Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)(24.2%),Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)(14.0%),andKlebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumonia)(13.4%)ranked as the top three coinfected bacteria.Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)(39.5%),Pneumocystis jirovecii(P.jirovecii)(24.4%)andCanidia albicans(C.albicans)(22.1%)were the top three coinfected fungi.Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)(63.1%),Human herpesvirus 7(HHV-7)(34.8%),and Herpes simplex virus 1(HSV-1)(32.6%)were the top three coinfected viruses.Of note,the detection of multiple coinfections of potential pathogenic bacteria,fungi,and viruses,despite lacking consistent patterns,highlighted a complicated synergistic contribution to disease severity.Our study presents the most comprehensive spectrum of bacterial,fungal,and viral coinfections in Omicron-associated severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),implying that the coinfection of conditional pathogens might synergistically deteriorate the Omicron infection outcomes.展开更多
基金funded by the Emergency prevention and cure Program of COVID-19[22ZXGBSY00010]Tianjin Medical Key Discipline Project[TJYXZDXK-50A]sponsored by Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Bureau and Tianjin Municipal Health Commission,respectively.
文摘Objective To investigate whether Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could create a strong immunity barrier.Methods Blood samples were collected at two different time points from 124 Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infected patients and 124 controls matched for age,gender,and vaccination profile.Live virus-neutralizing antibodies against five SARS-CoV-2 variants,including WT,Gamma,Beta,Delta,and Omicron BA.1,and T-lymphocyte lymphocyte counts in both groups were measured and statistically analyzed.Results The neutralizing antibody titers against five different variants of SARS-CoV-2 were significantly increased in the vaccinated population infected with the Omicron BA.1 variant at 3 months after infection,but mainly increased the antibody level against the WT strain,and the antibody against the Omicron strain was the lowest.The neutralizing antibody level decreased rapidly 6 months after infection.The T-lymphocyte cell counts of patients with mild and moderate disease recovered at 3 months and completely returned to the normal state at 6 months.Conclusion Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection mainly evoked humoral immune memory in the original strain after vaccination and hardly produced neutralizing antibodies specific to Omicron BA.1.Neutralizing antibodies against the different strains declined rapidly and showed features similar to those of influenza.Thus,T-lymphocytes may play an important role in recovery.
基金General Project of Huoshenshan Hospital Scientific Research Fund(No.HSS-217)New Crown Fund Project of No.940 Hospital(No.20yjky020)。
文摘The Omicron sub-lineage BA.2 has caused a new round of infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),leading to a surge in the number of COVID-19 cases in many countries,including China.Because the subvariant BA.2 shows strong infectivity,fast transmission,strong immune escape ability,relatively mild symptoms,strong concealment,difficult to find and so on,it has gradually become a new challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic.Understanding the virological characteristics of Omicron sub-lineage BA.2 is of great significance for epidemic prevention and control.This paper briefly summarizes the virological characteristics and prevention and control strategies of Omicron sub-lineage BA.2.
基金The 940th Hospital Intra-Hospital Fund Project(No.20yjky020)the Huoshenshan Hospital Research Fund General Project(No.HSS-217)。
文摘Since the outbreak of COVID-19,with the emergence of a series of novel coronavirus variants of different types,COVID-19 has continued to spread across the globe,posing a huge threat to the lives and health of people around the world and posing a severe challenge to global public health security.Recently,the World Health Organization(WHO)announced that novel coronavirus variant strain"Omicron"subtype variant strain BA.2 has been found in 57 countries and regions.It has higher vaccine and antibody tolerance and is more infectious than omicron(B.1.1.529).In this paper,we briefly review the recent studies on the omicron subtype variant strain BA.2.
基金COVID-19 Emergency Medical Research Project of 940 Hospital(No.20yjky020)General Project of Huoshenshan Hospital Scientific Research Fund(No.HSS-217)。
文摘Since the outbreak of COVID-19,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 genome is still mutating,forming a variety of variants with strong transmission capacity,causing the spread of the epidemic worldwide,posing a serious threat to people's physical and mental health,and posing a major challenge to global public health.Omicron remains the main variant in several outbreaks worldwide,accounting for about 99%of the global genetic sequence.Recently,the World Health Organization announced that the subvariant of Omicron BA.5 has been found in more than 100 countries and regions around the world,causing the global epidemic rebound.However,there are few studies on the subvariant BA.5.This article reviews the latest research progress in epidemiology,infectivity,pathogenicity,vaccine and monoclonal antibody protection against Omicron subvariant BA.5,in order to provide reference for scientific prevention and control of Omicron subvariant BA.5.
文摘BA.2 is a novel omicron offshoot of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)that has gone viral.There is limited knowledge regarding this variant of concern.Current evidence suggests that this variant is more contagious but less severe than previous SARS-CoV-2 variants.However,there is concern regarding the virus mutations that could influence pathogenicity,transmissibility,and immune evasion.
文摘Large population passages of the SARS-CoV-2 in the past two and a half years have allowed the circulating virus to accumulate an increasing number of mutations in its genome. The most recently emerging Omicron subvariants have the highest number of mutations in the Spike (S) protein gene and these mutations mainly occur in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the S gene. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (eCDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend partial Sanger sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 S gene RBD and NTD on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive samples in diagnostic laboratories as a practical means of determining the variants of concern to monitor possible increased transmissibility, increased virulence, or reduced effectiveness of vaccines against them. The author’s diagnostic laboratory has implemented the eCDC/WHO recommendation by sequencing a 398-base segment of the N gene for the definitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples, and sequencing a 445-base segment of the RBD and a 490 - 509-base segment of the NTD for variant determination. This paper presents 5 selective cases to illustrate the challenges of using Sanger sequencing to diagnose Omicron subvariants when the samples harbor a high level of co-existing minor subvariant sequences with multi-allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or possible recombinant Omicron subvariants containing a BA.2 RBD and an atypical BA.1 NTD, which can only be detected by using specially designed PCR primers. In addition, Sanger sequencing may reveal unclassified subvariants, such as BA.4/BA.5 with L84I mutation in the S gene NTD. The current large-scale surveillance programs using next-generation sequencing (NGS) do not face similar problems because NGS focuses on deriving consensus sequence.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3041500 and 2023YFC3041700)the Key-Area R&D Program of Guangdong Province(No.2022B1111020002)+1 种基金the R&D Program of Guangzhou Laboratory(No.SRPG23-001)the Guangzhou Scienceand Technology Planning Project(No.202103000026 and 202201020316).
文摘The status of coinfection during the national outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)Omicron BA.5.2 or BF.7 in China in the winter of 2022,which is suspected to contribute substantially to the overloaded severe cases,needs to be investigated.We analyzed the coinfection status of 385 severe patients infected with the Omicron variant in Guangzhou using metagenomic sequencing.We found that 317(82.3%)patients were coinfected with at least one additional pathogen(s),including bacteria(58.7%),fungi(27.1%)and viruses(73.5%).Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)(24.2%),Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)(14.0%),andKlebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumonia)(13.4%)ranked as the top three coinfected bacteria.Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)(39.5%),Pneumocystis jirovecii(P.jirovecii)(24.4%)andCanidia albicans(C.albicans)(22.1%)were the top three coinfected fungi.Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)(63.1%),Human herpesvirus 7(HHV-7)(34.8%),and Herpes simplex virus 1(HSV-1)(32.6%)were the top three coinfected viruses.Of note,the detection of multiple coinfections of potential pathogenic bacteria,fungi,and viruses,despite lacking consistent patterns,highlighted a complicated synergistic contribution to disease severity.Our study presents the most comprehensive spectrum of bacterial,fungal,and viral coinfections in Omicron-associated severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),implying that the coinfection of conditional pathogens might synergistically deteriorate the Omicron infection outcomes.
