Protection of Intellectual Property for Both Sides of the Straits

At the invitation of Pen-tsao Chang, Chairman of the Commercial Affairs Coordination Committee for the Two Sides of the Straits, a delegation composed of nine intellectual property experts and scholars, headed by Xie Jianqun, Vicechairman of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) and Chairman of the Economic and Trade Coordination Committee for the Two Sides of the Straits, recently paid a nineday visit to Taiwan. The visit caught the attention of Taiwan’s mass media as it was the first high-ranking economic

Relation Between Both Sides of the Taiwan StraitsIn Anticipation of the Trends of Its Development

In the issue of January, 2002, the magazine "Relation Between Both Sides of the Taiwan Straits" published by the Association of the Relation Between the Both Sides of the Taiwan Straits, a signed essay was carried out, stating that the development of the relation between the both sides last year, anticipates the trends of such relation in the future.

Influence of typhoon MITAG on the Kuroshio intrusion in the Luzon Strait during early fall 2019

Typhoons in the western Pacific have a significant impact on the transport of heat,salt and particles through the Luzon Strait.However,there are very limited field observations of this impact because of extreme difficulties and even dangers for ship-based measurements during the rough weather.Here,we present the preliminary results from analyzing a dataset collected by a glider deployed west of the Luzon Strait a few days prior to the arrival of typhoon MITAG.The gilder data revealed an abnormally salinity(>34.8)subsurface water apparently sourced from Kuroshio intrusion during the typhoon.When typhoon MITAG traveled on the east of the Luzon Strait,the positive wind stress curl strengthened the cyclonic eddy and weakened the anti-cyclonic eddy.This led to a slowdown of Kuroshio and made its intrusion easier.The main axis of the Kuroshio at the northern part of the strait shifted westward after the typhoon and did not return to its original position until a week later.The Ekman transport from persistent northerly wind of typhoon MITAG was significant,but its importance in enhancing the Kuroshio intrusion is only secondary relative to the eddies variations.

Analysis of Tidal Current Energy Potential in the Major Channels of the Bohai Strait Based on Delft3D

The utilization and development of tidal current energy can help alleviate the current energy shortage,improve the global ecological environment,and maintain sustainable development.In this study,numerical simulation is carried out on a rectangular grid using Delft3D.The tidal current energy potential of the major channels in the Bohai Strait is further simulated and estimated by comparing the simulated and measured data.Results show that the flow module in Delft3D has good modeling ability for the assessment of tidal current energy potential.The average flow velocity,maximum flow velocity,and energy flow density are consistent.The Laotieshan Channel,located in the northern part of the Bohai Strait,shows a large tidal current energy potential.The maximum flow velocity of this channel can reach 2 m s-1,and the maximum energy flow density can exceed 500 W m-2.The tidal current energy in the Laotieshan Channel is more than 10 times that in other channels.Therefore,this study advocates for the continued exploration and exploitation of the tidal current energy resources in the Laotieshan Channel.

Identification of thermal front dynamics in the northern Malacca Strait using ROMS 3D-model

The thermal front in the oceanic system is believed to have a significant effect on biological activity.During an era of climate change,changes in heat regulation between the atmosphere and oceanic interior can alter the characteristics of this important feature.Using the simulation results of the 3D Regional Ocean Modelling System(ROMS),we identified the location of thermal fronts and determined their dynamic variability in the area between the southern Andaman Sea and northern Malacca Strait.The Single Image Edge Detection(SIED)algorithm was used to detect the thermal front from model-derived temperature.Results show that a thermal front occurred every year from 2002 to 2012 with the temperature gradient at the location of the front was 0.3°C/km.Compared to the years affected by El Ni?o and negative Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD),the normal years(e.g.,May 2003)show the presence of the thermal front at every selected depth(10,25,50,and 75 m),whereas El Ni?o and negative IOD during 2010 show the presence of the thermal front only at depth of 75 m due to greater warming,leading to the thermocline deepening and enhanced stratification.During May 2003,the thermal front was separated by cooler SST in the southern Andaman Sea and warmer SST in the northern Malacca Strait.The higher SST in the northern Malacca Strait was believed due to the besieged Malacca Strait,which trapped the heat and make it difficult to release while higher chlorophyll a in Malacca Strait is due to the freshwater conduit from nearby rivers(Klang,Langat,Perak,and Selangor).Furthermore,compared to the southern Andaman Sea,the chlorophyll a in the northern Malacca Strait is easier to reach the surface area due to the shallower thermocline,which allows nutrients in the area to reach the surface faster.

Review and update on the management of triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries in professional athletes

Triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries are common in amateur and professional sports.These injuries are mainly caused by acute or chronic repetitive axial loads on the wrist,particularly on the ulnar side and in association with rotations or radial/ulnar deviations.In order to treat professional athletes,a detailed specific knowledge of the pathology is needed.Moreover,the clinician should fully understand the specific and unique environment and needs of the athletes,their priorities and goals,the type of sport,the time of the season,and the position played.An early diagnosis and appropriate management with the quickest possible recovery time are the uppermost goals for both the athlete and the surgeon.A compromise between conservative vs surgical indications,athletes’needs and expectations,and financial implications should be achieved.Arthroscopic procedures should be timely planned when indicated as they could allow early diagnosis and treatment at the same time.Conservative measures are often used as first line treatment when possible.Peripheral lesions are treated by arthroscopic repair,whilst central lesions are treated by arthroscopic debridement.Further procedures(such as the Wafer procedure,ulnar osteotomies,etc.)have specific indications and great implications with regard to rehabilitation.

Analysis on Features of Temperature and Salinity in the Northern Taiwan Straits During February-March, 1998

The distributional features of temperature and salinity in the northern Taiwan Straits have been analyzed based on the CTD data during February-March, 1998. The characteristics of temperature and salinity are summarized as follows: (1) there exists a coastal water along the western coast of the Taiwan Straits, with low temperature and low salinity at the upper layer; (2) a high temperature and high salinity water tongue extends northeastward along the eastern coast of the Taiwan Strait.

Studies on ecological characteristics variation and population dynamics of four lizardfishes in the southern Taiwan Straits

The ecological characteristics of four lizardfishes, Trachinocephalus myops, Saurida undosquamis, Saurida tumbil and Saurida elongata, were studied from specimens （910 T. myops, 454 S. un-dosquamis, 686 S. tumbil and 744 S. elongata） collected monthly in the southern Taiwan Straits from April 2005 to March 2006. The population dynamics of the four lizardfishes was also discussed by the comparison with the previous studies. All being composed of 7 a classes; the dominant group of T. myops and S. tumbil was 1–2 a, while S. undosquamis and S. elongate were 2–3 a. The total mortality coefficient Z and the fishing mortality F were at high as indicated by the exploitation ratio E（0.5）, and a large number of by-caught juvenile and young fishes showing that the stock of lizardfishes in this area was overexploited and the fishing gear was irrational. Compared with the previous studies, the maximum and mean fork length, body mass and age of the four lizard- fishes declined gradually, the lizardfishes populations were younger in age and smaller in size. The asymptotic fork length L ∞ decreased while increasing growth coefficient k, and age at the inflexion point of mass t r was younger compared with the previous studies. The declining of older ones has moderated the feeding competition and the younger ones grew faster. The larger mortality param-eters Z, M and F have revealed higher fishing pressure. The smaller change of the first mature fork length of female T . myops and the change from K selection pattern to r selection pattern of S. tumbil have indicated a more vulnerable fishery ecosystem in this area. The changes of ecological characteristics and population dynamics may be caused by over-exploitation of demersal fishes such as the lizardfishes, especially a large number of juvenile and young fishes by-catch by the current fishing gears and methods. Therefore, in addition to the traditional fishery management approach such as the minimum length-limit, ecosystem approach to fisheries management （EAF） should be taken to improve the practical marine ecosystem management, including increased fishing intensity of the non-economic species especially the feeding competitors of the lizardfishes and the conservation of the pelagic fishery population in the fisheries ecosystem, in order to restore the fishery population and achieve the sustainable use of the fishery stocks.

ON THE SOLUTION OF THE SINGULAR INTEGRAL EQUATIONS WITH BOTH CAUCHY AND CONVOLUTION KERNEL

The following equations are basic forms of C-K equation (which is simplified in the following as singu-lar integral equations with convolution, that is C-K equations):where a,b,a_j,b_j are known constants or known functions, and find its solution f L_P(R), {0} or {α,β}.There were rather complete investigations on the method of solution for equations of Cauchy type aswell as integral equations of convolution type. But there is not investigation to the C-K equations, nodoubt, such that is important.

SPATIAL VARIATION OF Zn GEOCHEMICAL FRACTIONS IN THE SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF THE STRAITS OF MALACCA: NATURAL OR ANTHROPOGENIC?

Total concentrations of Zn in the sediments of the offshore and intertidal areas of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia were recently reported in the literaturs. However, total concentrations of metals in the sediment samples do not reflect the portion or carrier phase which is attributable to anthropogenic activities and those of natural origins. In this work, geochemical fraction of Zn in the sediments of the same areas was studied and the potential use of CV as an indicator of Zn pollution was determined. The geochemical study by using sequential extraction technique revealed that nonresistant fraction of the offshore and intertidal sediments (summation of ‘easily or freely leachable and exhangeable (EFLE)’, ‘acid-reducible’ and ‘oxidisable-organic’) covered about 30% and 48% of total zinc concentrations, respectively, in the sediments while most of the total zinc concentrations (offshore: 70%; intertidal: 52%) found in the sediments could be mostly due to natural origins (nonresistant fraction). Thus, the Zn levels in the Straits of Malacca should not pose a risk to the living organisms. Based on Spearman’s correlation coefficients, the source of Zn contamination in the Straits of Malacca was mainly contributed by the intertidal coastal area rather than offshore area. The present study also indicated the coefficient of variation can be used as a potential indicator of total summation of geochemical Zn concentrations in the coastal sediment but of different geochemical of Zn needs further validation.

Estimation of water volume transports through the main straits of the East China Sea

The structure of current speed and the variability of volume transports of the Kuroshio in the Tokara-kaikyo and Osumi-kaikyo are discussed on the basis of data of KER in the period from 1977 to 1984. The average geostrophic transport through these two straits is estimated to be 24. 5×106 m3/s and only 1/12 of the transport is through the Osumi-kaiky5. Countercurrents on both sides of the Kuroshio trunk are observed in the Tokara-kaikyo. Calculation indicates that the average geostrophic current speed is less than the GEK current speed, systematically. On the basis of the current measurements, the northward transports through the Taiwan Strait in winter and summer are estimated to be 1. 05×106and 3. 16×106m3/s, respectively. From Chu's data (1976) the average transport of the Kuroshio flowing into the East China Sea passing through the passage east of Taiwan is about 29. 3×106m3/s. From Miita and Ogawa's data (1984) the average transport through the Tsushima-kaikyo is 3. 6×106m3/s. Thus the volume transports through the above four straits are roughly in balance, the total outflowing transport is slightly larger than the total inflowing transport. The possible reasons resulting in the difference of transports are also discussed.

Source Parameters Evaluation of the 28^(th) December 1908 and 16^(th) January 1975 Earthquakes in the Messina Straits(Southern Italy)

The Calabria-Peloritani Arc is one of the most seismically active regions of Southern Italy.The most damaging event(Ⅰ0=ⅪMSK)occurred on December 28th,1908 in the Messina Straits area.This event,which caused at least 85000 casualties and widespread damage,has been identified as the greatest European seismic disaster of the 20th century.

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Sediment and Intertidal Gastropod Nerita lineata from Two Opposing Sites in the Straits of Malacca

The concentrations of Cd,Cu,Pb,Zn,Ni and Fe were determined in the surface sediment and marine gastropod Nerita lineata collected in May 2005 from the intertidal zone of Dumai,Sumatera,Indonesia and Johor,Peninsular Malaysia.The results showed that metal concentrations in sediment and the soft tissue of N.lineata varied at different sampling stations.Mean heavy metal concentrations were 0.92 μg/g(Cd);6.40 μg/g(Cu);32.77 μg/g(Pb);54.41 μg/g(Zn);11.56 μg/g(Ni) and 2.97%(Fe) in sediment from Dumai and 1.15 μg/g(Cd);26.73 μg/g(Cu);53.45 μg/g(Pb);130.77 μg/g(Zn);20.79 μg/g(Ni) and 2.72%(Fe) in sediment from Johor.Concentrations of metals in gastropod N.lineata were 0.71 μg/g(Cd);15.16 μg/g(Cu);9.35 μg/g(Pb);94.69 μg/g(Zn);5.08 μg/g(Ni) and 397.97 μg/g(Fe) in samples from Dumai and 1.24 μg/g(Cd);18.02 μg/g(Cu);19.75 μg/g(Pb);95.09 μg/g(Zn);5.57 μg/g(Ni) and 473.56 μg/g(Fe) in samples from Johor.Although they were not statistically significant(p>0.05),heavy metal concentrations in N.lineata were correlated with the concentrations of respective metals in sediment in both samples from Dumai and Johor.In general,samples of sediment and gastropod from Johor accumulated significantly higher heavy metal concentrations when compared to samples from Dumai(p<0.05).Higher concentrations of metals were recorded in samples collected from the stations close to the industrial and anthropogenic activities in both Dumai and Johor areas.However,most of the concentrations were still comparable to the previous reported studies from other geographical areas.

Analysis of the sensory threshold between paretic and nonparetic sides for healthy rehabilitation in hemiplegic patients after stroke

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the sensory threshold between the paretic and nonparetic sides of hemiplegic patients. 28 patients who were hemiplegic post-stroke (14 men and 14 women) participated in the electrical sensory and pain thresholds study;22 patients who were hemiplegic post-stroke (13 men, 9 women) participated in a study measureing the sensory threshold with light touch. Electrical sensory and pain thresholds were measured in the forearm via transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. The light-touch threshold was measured in the forearm using monofilaments. The light-touch, electrical sensory, and pain thresholds for the paretic side were significantly higher than for the nonparetic side in our population, respectively. In both the nonparetic and paretic sides, the male group generally showed higher thresholds for pain and sensation than did the female group. These results suggest that the different evaluations of sensory thresholds performed in this study for healthy rehabilitation will be a valuable clinical tool in hemiplegic patients after stroke.

Spatial distribution and behavior of dissolved selenium speciation in the South China Sea and Malacca Straits during spring inter-monsoon period

Selenium(Se)has been recognized as a key trace element that is associated with growth of primary producers in oceans.During March and May 2018,surface water(67 samples)was collected and measured by HG-ICP-MS to investigate the distribution and behavior of selenite[Se(Ⅳ)],selenate[Se(Ⅵ)]and dissolved organic selenides(DOSe)concentrations in the Zhujiang River Estuary(ZRE),South China Sea(SCS)and Malacca Straits(MS).It showed that Se(Ⅳ)(0.14–3.44 nmol/L)was the dominant chemical species in the ZRE,related to intensive manufacture in the watershed;while the major species shifted to DOSe(0.05–0.79 nmol/L)in the MS,associated with the wide coverage of peatland and intensive agriculture activities in the Malaysian Peninsula.The SCS was identified as the northern and southern sections(NSCS and SSCS)based on the variations of surface circulation.The insignificant variation of Se(IV)in the NSCS and SSCS was obtained in March,potentially resulting from the high chemical activity and related preferential assimilation by phytoplankton communities.Contrastively,the lower DOSe concentrations in the SSCS likely resulted from higher primary production and utilization during March.During May,the concentration of Se(Ⅳ)remained low in the NSCS and SSCS,while DOSe concentrations increased notably in the SSCS,likely due to the impact of terrestrial inputs from surface current reversal and subsequent accumulation.On a global scale,DOSe is the dominant Se species in tropical oceans,while Se(Ⅳ)and Se(Ⅵ)are major fractions in high-latitude oceans,resulting from changes in predominated phytoplankton and related biological assimilation.

Two sides of the same coin: tyrosine kinase inhibitionin cancer and neurodegeneration

Cancer and neurodegeneration include a group of diseases that are mechanistically distinct but may share common therapeutic targets.Autophagy is a common quality control mechanism shared by mitotic and post-mitotic cells and it can be exploited to accelerate clearance of unwanted oncogenes and reduce accumulation of toxic proteins in cancer and neurodegeneration,respectively.Tyrosine kinase inhibition is a therapeutically relevant strategy that can induce autophagy, leading to normal cell survival. This article provides insights into how tyrosine kinase inhibition is clinically used to arrest mitotic cell division and tumor growth, and may promote survival of post-mitotic neurons in neurodegeneration.

A preliminary study on genesis of the Qiongzhou Straits

The active period of the faults in the Qiongzhou Straits occurred principally in the Tertiary. The rupture zone is situated in the nearly E-W striking tectonic lowland between the Leizhou Peninsula and the Hainan Island, which was preformed by the southward and northward compressions due to the expansion of the South China Sea Basin. During the interglacial periods in the Quaternary, the lowland was inundated and deepened gradually due to erosion by sea curfent. It was until the last uprising of sea level during the postglacial period that the Qiongzhou Straits assumed its present appearance.

Ecological characteristics of planktonic ostracoda in the western waters of Taiwan Straits

In the sea area west of the middle line of Taiwan Straits, 116°40′～120°30′E, 22°22.9′～25°43′N, four cruises of comprehensive survey were conducted by the Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, from May, 1984 to February, 1985. The data concerned were taken from the quantitative samples obtained by using large-sized standard zooplankton nets, while the values adopted such as hydrological and chemical data of the various stations were from the average values of the field data of each one-meter layer.

Azimuthal Asymmetry of Pion-Meson Emission around the Projectile and Target Sides in Au+Au Collision at 1A GeV

The ratio of the number of emitted pions from the target side to that from the projectile side at target rapidity within the reaction plane is investigated for the study of the pion dynamics with an isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamic model. The results show that high-energy pions are emitted preferentially towards the target side and, therefore, they are freezed out at the early stage of the collision. By contrast, low-energy pions are emitted predominantly in the opposite direction, which means that they are emitted in a later stage. This argument is based on the shadowing effect caused by the interaction of pions with the spectator matter in peripheral collisions at target or projectile rapidities. This phenomenon disappears in the central collision or at midrapidity due to the weaker shadowing effect. The calculated ratios are also compared with the experimental data.