Digital Human Rights from the Perspective of System Theory——Concept Definition, Social Function, and Constitutional Basis

The three core issues in the“digital human rights”debate are whether“digital human rights”are possible,necessary,and feasible.Both sides of the debate focus on discovering the value of“digital human rights”to individuals from a semantic level,but ignore the significance of“digital human rights”to the whole society and its subsystems at the level of social structure.By introducing Niklas Luhmann's System Theory,this observation blind spot can be eliminated.Fundamental rights are devoted to directly shaping not a physiological-psychological“individual”as a social environment but a social“person”that can be included by social systems.It is clear that digital human rights are the right to participate in digital communication of a“human”as a“person”,so they are possible in terms of conceptual definition.Digital human rights can help“people”lower the threshold for participation in digital communication,limit the excessive expansion of social systems,and promote the free and complete expression of body and mind,so they are necessary for social functions.There are limitations in the existing two ideas of“incorporating digital human rights into the constitution”.Based on the new construction idea of System Theory of Law,digital human rights as the right to participate in digital communication can be typified into digital communication in social sub-fields such as politics,economy,science,and art.The right to participate constructs a complete digital human rights system,making it feasible on the basis of the constitution.

On Dynamic Social Factors for Development of China’s Human Rights Theory

China＇s mainstream human rights theory has undergone tremendous changes since the reform-and-opening scheme was kicked off in the early 1980s. ＂Human rights,＂ which used to be seen as a concept of capitalist ideology, is now an important part of the Chinese system of socialist values.

Basic Categories of the Chinese Socialist Human Rights Theory

The basic categories of the Chinese socialist human rights theory consist of four elements, namely, human rights history, human rights concepts, human rights attributes and human rights protection. The category of the human rights history includes ancient notions of human rights, classical human rights theory, Marxist human rights theory and the sinicized Marxist human rights theory. The category of human rights concepts includes the subjects, contents, forms, classification, origin and essence of human rights. The category of human rights attributes includes universality and particularity of human rights, harmony and confrontation between human rights, politicalness and a-politicalness of human rights, indivisibility between rights and duties, and conditioning of state power by human rights. The category of human rights protection includes human rights and sovereignty, human rights and democracy, human rights and the rule of law, human rights and property, human rights duty holders, and human rights education.

Complex Systems Theory: Some Considerations for Sociology

This essay presents a reflection on the main implications of Complexity Theory for science in general, redefining and dispelling myths of traditional science, and Sociology in particular, suggesting a redefinition of Parsons’ classic concept of Social System, articulated around the property of self-maintenance of order rather than on its possible discontinuity and instability. It argues that Complexity Theory has established the limits of Classic Science, leading to a more realistic awareness of working and evolution mechanisms of Natural and Social Systems and showing the limits of our capacity to predict and control events. Dissipative structures have shown the creative role of time. Instability, emergence, surprise, unpredictability are the rule rather than the exception when systems move away from equilibrium (entropy), even if these processes are generated from a system’s deterministic working mechanisms. Therefore, we have come to realize how constructive the contribution of Complexity is, in regards to the long lasting problem of the relationship between order and disorder. Today, the terms of this relationship have been re-specified in its new configuration of inter-relationship link, according to a unicum which finds its synthesis in self-organization and deterministic chaos concepts. From this perspective, as Prigogine suggested, studies on Complex Systems are heading toward a historical, biological conception of Physics, and a new alliance between natural systems and living, social systems. Non-linearity, far from equilibrium self-organization, emergence and surprise meet at all levels, as this paper attempts to highlight. In Sociology, insights of Complexity Theory have contributed to a new way of thinking about social systems, by re-addressing some fundamental issues starting to social system, emergence and change concepts. The current social system conception as complex dynamical systems is supported by a profitable use of non-liner models (in particular, the Logistic map) in the study of social processes.

Fostering firm innovativeness:Understanding the sequential relationships between human resource practices,psychological empowerment,innovative work behavior,and firm innovative capability

This study investigated the relationships between human resource(HR)practices,employee psychological empowerment,employee innovative work behavior,and firm innovation capability in the context of the Information and Communication Technology(ICT)sector in Jordan.Employing the Social Exchange Theory(SET)as a guiding framework,this study explored how employee psychological empowerment and innovative work behavior mediated the influence of HR practices on a firm’s innovative capabilities.Drawing on extensive data collected from ICT organizations in Jordan,our analysis had several key findings.A significant positive correlation between HR practices and psychological empowerment was observed.Job design emerged as the most influential factor affecting psychological empowerment,whereas compensation had a weaker impact.Furthermore,we established that psychological empowerment significantly enhanced innovative work behavior,underscoring its role as a catalyst for innovative work behavior within the sector.Finally,our study supported the theory that psychological empowerment influenced a firms’innovation capabilities,emphasizing the pivotal role of employee empowerment in driving firm-level innovation in the Jordanian ICT sector.These findings provide insights for academic and practical audiences,clarifying how HR practices,employee psychological empowerment,and innovative work behavior collectively influenced firm innovation capability within the unique context of the Jordanian ICT sector.

Cyber-Physical-Social System Between a Humanoid Robot and a Virtual Human Through a Shared Platform for Adaptive Agent Ecology

Two artificial agents(a humanoid robot and a virtual human) are enriched with various similar intelligence,autonomy, functionalities and interaction modalities. The agents are integrated in the form of a cyber-physical-social system(CPSS) through a shared communication platform to create a social ecology. In the ecology, the agents collaborate(assist each other) to perform a real-world task(search for a hidden object)for the benefits of humans. A robot-virtual human bilateral trust model is derived and a real-time trust measurement method is developed. The role of taking initiative in the collaboration is switched between the agents following a finite state machine model triggered by bilateral trust, which results in a mixedinitiative collaboration. A scheme is developed to evaluate the performance of the agents in the ecology through the CPSS.The results show that the robot and the virtual human perform satisfactorily in the collaboration through the CPSS. The results thus prove the effectiveness of the real-world ecology between artificial agents of heterogeneous realities through a shared platform based on trust-triggered mixed-initiatives. The results can help develop adaptive social ecology comprising intelligent agents of heterogeneous realities to assist humans in various tasks through collaboration between the agents in the form of a CPSS.

新能源汽车电池回收网点竞争选址模型及算法

针对考虑排队论的新能源汽车电池回收网点竞争设施选址问题,提出一种改进的人类学习优化(IHLO)算法。首先,构建包含排队时间约束、容量约束和门槛约束等条件的新能源汽车电池回收网点竞争设施选址模型;然后,考虑到该问题属于NP-hard问题,针对人类学习优化(HLO)算法前期收敛速度较慢、寻优精度不够高、求解稳定性不够高的不足,通过引入精英种群反向学习策略、团队互助学习算子和调和参数自适应策略提出IHLO算法;最后,以上海市和长江三角洲为例进行数值实验,并将IHLO算法和改进二进制灰狼(IBGWO)算法、改进二进制粒子群(IBPSO)算法、HLO算法和融合学习心理学的人类学习优化(LPHLO)算法进行比较。大、中、小三种不同规模的实验结果表明,IHLO算法在15个指标中的14个指标上表现最优,IHLO算法比IBGWO算法求解精度至少提高了0.13%,求解稳定性至少提高了10.05%,求解速度至少提高了17.48%。所提算法具有较高的计算精度和优化速度,可有效解决竞争设施选址问题。

自我领导力对大学生生涯适应力的影响——基于中介效应和调节效应的实证研究

随着大学生“就业难”问题的日益突出,培养大学生生涯适应能力,帮助其顺利实现从“象牙塔”到“职场”的过渡,具有重要的现实意义。以在校大学生为样本,基于生涯建构理论,探索自我领导力对生涯适应力的作用机制,验证专业承诺在该过程中的中介效应和社会支持的调节效应。研究结果表明:自我领导力对生涯适应力具有显著的正向影响;专业承诺在自我领导力与生涯适应力之间发挥部分中介作用;社会支持在自我领导力与生涯适应力之间发挥调节作用,在低社会支持群体中,自我领导力对生涯适应力的正向预测作用更强。为科学助推大学生生涯适应力的发展,高校应该充分尊重学生的主体性,重视大学生自我管理,培养大学生的自我领导力;关注学生专业意愿和学习兴趣,通过扩大高考自主招生比例、增加大学生转专业机会等手段提升大学生的专业承诺水平;高校在大学生生涯指导中实施分类管理,“因人而异”提供社会支持,促进大学生生涯发展的内外联动。

人机交互场景下用户知识吸收能力影响因素的组态分析

基于社会认知理论,采用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法,探讨在人机交互场景下,平台环境和个体认知如何互动影响平台用户的知识吸收能力。研究发现:环境因素是人机互动知识共享的基础,而与个体认知因素相匹配的交互设计是提升吸收效能的关键。促进强吸收能力形成的核心条件有强联结、高信任的环境因素和强自我效能和高结果期望的认知因素;导致吸收能力弱的核心条件则是用户之间过大的知识距离和过弱的联结强度等环境因素。研究结论为知识平台提升用户知识吸收能力提供了理论依据与现实启示,为未来提升人机交互设计促进知识共享的研究提供参考借鉴。

弹性交往与母国依赖:嵌入性视角下华商企业在非洲的社会适应研究

论文从嵌入性视角出发,考察华商企业在非洲的社会适应策略。研究发现,华商企业的经济活动一方面深刻嵌入于非洲本地社会、文化和关系情境中并引发诸多适应性挑战,为此华商企业采取了三种行动策略以提升对非洲社会的适应性,具体包括避让性策略、调适性策略和进取性策略。这三种社会适应策略呈现出进退有度的弹性化特征,令华商企业得以维持与非洲社会的理性交往。另一方面,华商企业在非洲的社会适应过程依赖母国资源的支持。其中,母国人力资本能够帮助华商企业实现跨国经营,助力企业的经济发展;母国政府会积极参与到跨国场域中,协助改善企业的生存环境;族裔商业网络能够为企业积累本土社会资本,提升企业在非洲的社会地位;母国文化是华商企业用于提升非洲员工归属感的有力工具。在社会适应的过程中,非洲华商企业采取弹性化的社会适应策略并形成了一种依赖母国资源的社会适应模式。

组织间人才流动双向后效情景模型构建

组织间人才流动是常态化的自然过程。打破只关注人才流入正效应和流出负效应的认知茧房,聚焦人才流动的反功能,识别触发人才流动积极后效的各类情景变量,运用扎根理论方法论,从新旧雇主组织双角度、人力资本与社会资本双路径构建了组织间人才流动双向后效情景模型。既是对当前人力资源管理实践呼吁扩展“人才流动效应”理论研究的积极响应,也是挑战“常识性认知”的一种悖论化思考。

新文科视域下法律史研究的法学化论纲

作为法学学科体系中一门特征明显的交叉学科,法律史学可成为新文科理论与实践改革的优质素材,新文科理念的融入可有效提高法律史研究的科学性。法律史专业在国内法学院中的边缘化处境,不利于满足党的二十大报告提出的传承和发展中华优秀传统法律文化的要求。法律史研究内容、研究视角、研究方法等要素与法律实践较为脱节;同时,其研究成果的碎片化和表象化等倾向,严重影响法律史研究的科学发展及研究共同体的形成与稳固,也就难以形成能够反映中国风格与气派的学术研究成果,削弱我国法律文化在国际上的竞争力。认识新文科之于法律史研究的总体意义,并以新文科为标尺,检视当下法律史研究存在的不足之处,把新文科作为促进法律史研究法学化的重要抓手,探索其着力发展的具体路径,切实推动具有自主性的中国法律史学科体系和话语体系的形成与发展,无疑具有重要的学科价值。

以自我效能理论为框架的护理干预对永久性肠造口病人的影响

目的:探讨以自我效能理论为框架的护理干预对永久性肠造口病人出院后自我效能、社会心理适应、生活质量及并发症的影响。方法:采用便利抽样法,选取岳阳市某三级甲等医院2021年1月—2022年6月行永久性肠造口术的102例病人作为研究对象,按照入院时间先后分为对照组和干预组。对照组采取常规护理,干预组实施以自我效能理论为框架的护理干预,比较两组病人出院时、出院1个月后、出院3个月后自我效能、社会心理适应、生活质量以及并发症的情况。结果:不同时间点两组病人自我效能、社会心理适应评分以及生活质量评分的时间效应、组间效应和交互效应比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:以自我效能理论为框架的护理干预可以明显提升病人自我效能感,有效改善病人的心理状况和生活质量。

社交媒介赋能健身运动:随迁老人社会适应研究

目的 “在积极应对人口老龄化”的国家战略背景下,探讨健身运动促进随迁老人社会适应的路径,以及社交媒体在其中发挥的具体作用。方法 基于社会嵌入理论的研究视角,对随迁老人进行问卷调查,通过结构方程模型(SEM)对回收数据进行分析,分析社交媒介嵌入健身运动,促进随迁老人社会适应的路径。结果在随迁老人适应社会的过程中,健身运动通过社交媒介使用对随迁老人的社会参与、社会支持、社会网络产生显著正向影响,社交媒介使用在其中起到显著的中介作用。结论 研究从运动趣缘群体、代际情感纽带、社区实践增能、数字身份认同4个维度,提出随迁老人主动适应社会共同体的构建。

社会资本影响教育获得的四种范式

教育获得是社会科学研究的重要内容之一,社会资本对教育获得的影响日益受到重视。本文通过深度梳理社会资本对教育获得影响的理论和实证研究成果,归纳分析了“网络资源”范式、“社会闭合”范式、“群体资源”范式和“宏观社会资本”范式对教育获得的影响。在评析以往研究的基础上,倡导拓展社会资本影响教育获得的研究范式,用人类发展生态系统理论统筹社会资本影响教育获得的研究,关注个体教育获得的主体性和建构性,发掘教育获得的研究维度与结合多种研究方法进行多样化适切性的研究,以期更好地为教育公平实践提供借鉴。

社会系统理论视域下美国人文社会科学跨学科组织的建设模式研究——以区域研究、女性研究和数据研究为例

从尼克拉斯·卢曼的社会系统理论视角出发,美国社会发展所提出的功能分化要求催动了其大学系统通过自我指涉进行跨学科组织的建设。在这一过程中,推动组织发展的核心力量以及大学对组织发展目标的定位影响了美国大学系统在区域研究、女性研究和数据研究组织建设的功能理解和路径选择。由于组织的建设基础以及需要应对的核心问题存在差异,三类跨学科组织分别确立了不同的建设模式:区域研究组织形成了以横向切分研究对象为基础的功能式系统分化模式,女性研究组织选择了以不同水平融入传统学科系组织的层级式系统分化模式,数据研究组织则表现出具有组织独立性与功能一致性的分割式系统分化模式。

健康人文理论研究的“他山之石”——评弗兰·科利耶《健康、疾病与医学社会理论手册》

弗兰•科利耶教授新著《健康、疾病与医学社会理论手册》为健康人文研究以及与此密切相关的健康中国建设提供了理论指南。鉴于以往对这一理念的践行有着明显的重应用轻理论的偏向,因此,学界在积极地将这一领域概念化,以寻求理论上的突破。与这一研究趋势相吻合的是,该手册虽然并不是专门为健康人文研究撰写,但很显然,可以大大推动这一领域的理论研究,成为该领域的“他山之石”。另外,随着人们越来越多意识到要理解晚期现代社会中的健康和疾病,就需要更加复杂和多层次的视角。手册的理论包容性、复杂性、层次性,使其显然是多元理解健康、疾病与医学问题的一部力作。

风景园林理论知识体系发展溯源

【目的】探究风景园林理论知识形成的复杂脉络,能够为学科理论知识体系的构建提供新的视野。【方法】借鉴知识考古学方法,从人文与艺术学科、自然科学、社会科学三大学科领域梳理风景园林理论知识体系的发展历程,归纳演变特点及驱动因素。【结果】1)风景园林理论知识体系发展经历了从早期以人文与艺术学科知识驱动为主,逐渐走向与自然科学、社会科学的多元交叉过程。2)不同学科视野下的风景园林理论知识发展各有特点,本质上是美学观、自然观、公平观发生了改变:人文与艺术学科视野下的学科理论知识生产由地域性审美观走向批判地域性审美观;自然科学视野下的学科理论知识生产由朴素自然观走向多元生态观;社会科学视野下的学科理论知识生产由精英式公平观走向公众公平观。3)风景园林理论知识体系发展的驱动因素是由满足使用者的审美需求转向满足人在空间中生理、心理及社会全方位的功能需求。【结论】风景园林理论知识体系未来发展还需要树立自主理论知识体系的意识、梳理其逻辑基点并建立弹性和动态调整的更新机制。

毅力对初中生生涯适应力的影响:自尊的中介作用和社会支持的调节作用

基于生涯建构理论的视角,考察毅力与初中生生涯适应力之间的关系,并探讨自尊的中介作用和社会支持的调节作用。采用简式毅力量表、自尊量表、领悟社会支持量表和生涯适应力量表对263名初中生进行调查。结果发现:毅力正向影响初中生生涯适应力;自尊在毅力与生涯适应力之间发挥部分中介作用;社会支持在毅力与生涯适应力的关系中起到调节作用,对于得到较少社会支持的初中生,毅力对生涯适应力的作用较强。研究结果揭示了毅力对初中生生涯适应力的影响机制,对丰富初中生生涯适应力的影响机制探究、指导中学开展生涯教育实践和促进初中生生涯适应力的发展具有一定的理论与实践意义。

新时代思想政治理论课的社会适应性研究

思想政治理论课“适应不适应”的全新课题实际上引出了新时代思想政治课的社会适应性问题,为思想政治课提供了理论指引、提出了实践要求。社会适应性作为思想政治理论课的重要属性,体现了思想政治理论课与社会整体系统间相互联系与相互作用的关系,内在包含了其适应国际形势的发展变化、适应党和国家的发展需要以及适应学生实际的发展需求的本质规定。据此,思政教师需要牢牢把握新时代提升思想政治理论课社会适应性的着力点,从动因适应、内容适应、主体适应以及方法适应的角度出发,有效解决“为何而教”“要教什么”“由谁来教”“怎么教好”的关键问题,以此促进新时代思想政治课的高质量发展。