An increasing discrepancy between real-world and type-approval fuel consumption for light-duty passenger vehicles(LDPVs)has been reported by several studies.Normally,real-world fuel consumption is measured primarily b...An increasing discrepancy between real-world and type-approval fuel consumption for light-duty passenger vehicles(LDPVs)has been reported by several studies.Normally,real-world fuel consumption is measured primarily by a portable emission measurement system.The on-board diagnostic(OBD)approach,which is flexible and offers high-resolution data collection,is a promising fuel consumption monitoring method.Three LDPVs were tested with a laboratory dynamometer based on a type-approval cycle,the New European Driving Cycle(NEDC).Fuel consumption was measured by the OBD and constant-volume sampling system(CVS,a regulatory method)to verify the accuracy of the OBD values.The results of the OBD method and the regulatory carbon balance method exhibited a strong linear correlation(e.g.,R^2=0.906-0.977).Compared with the carbon balance results,the fuel consumption results using the OBD were 7.1%±4.3%lower on average.Furthermore,the real-world fuel consumption of six LDPVs was tested in Beijing using the OBD.The results showed that the normalized NEDC real-world fliel consumption of the tested vehicles was 13%±17%higher than the type-approval-based fuel consumption.Because the OBD values are lower than the actual fuel consumption,using a carbon balance method may result in a larger discrepancy between real-word and type-approval ftiel consumption.By means of the operating mode binning and micro trip methods,a strong relationship(R^2=0.984)was established between the average speed and relative fuel consumption.For congested roads(average vehicle speed less than 25 km/h),the fuel consumption of LDPVs is highly sensitive to changes in average speed.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFC0211100 and 2017YFC0212100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51708327,91544222 and 51978404)the Ministry o f Science and Technology of China's International Science and Technology Cooperation Program(No.2016YFE0106300)。
文摘An increasing discrepancy between real-world and type-approval fuel consumption for light-duty passenger vehicles(LDPVs)has been reported by several studies.Normally,real-world fuel consumption is measured primarily by a portable emission measurement system.The on-board diagnostic(OBD)approach,which is flexible and offers high-resolution data collection,is a promising fuel consumption monitoring method.Three LDPVs were tested with a laboratory dynamometer based on a type-approval cycle,the New European Driving Cycle(NEDC).Fuel consumption was measured by the OBD and constant-volume sampling system(CVS,a regulatory method)to verify the accuracy of the OBD values.The results of the OBD method and the regulatory carbon balance method exhibited a strong linear correlation(e.g.,R^2=0.906-0.977).Compared with the carbon balance results,the fuel consumption results using the OBD were 7.1%±4.3%lower on average.Furthermore,the real-world fuel consumption of six LDPVs was tested in Beijing using the OBD.The results showed that the normalized NEDC real-world fliel consumption of the tested vehicles was 13%±17%higher than the type-approval-based fuel consumption.Because the OBD values are lower than the actual fuel consumption,using a carbon balance method may result in a larger discrepancy between real-word and type-approval ftiel consumption.By means of the operating mode binning and micro trip methods,a strong relationship(R^2=0.984)was established between the average speed and relative fuel consumption.For congested roads(average vehicle speed less than 25 km/h),the fuel consumption of LDPVs is highly sensitive to changes in average speed.
文摘航空发动机整机试验过程中不可避免出现故障现象,故障的排除很多是依据试验人员的经验;针对某型航空发动机整机试车的故障特点,我们利用了数据库技术和软件技术开发了一套试车故障诊断系统;在数据库管理系统(Database Management System DBMS)的支持下通过科学有效地组织发动机的故障数据建立了故障数据库;采用面向对象技术设计开发了具有良好用户界面的应用程序,提供了系统用户的管理、故障信息的智能汇总等功能,并进一步为用户提供了基于经验及规则推理的自动故障诊断功能;通过工程应用,对该系统进行了试验,取得了满意的效果。
