On-Chip Micro Temperature Controllers Based on Freestanding Thermoelectric Nano Films for Low-Power Electronics

Multidimensional integration and multifunctional com-ponent assembly have been greatly explored in recent years to extend Moore’s Law of modern microelectronics.However,this inevitably exac-erbates the inhomogeneity of temperature distribution in microsystems,making precise temperature control for electronic components extremely challenging.Herein,we report an on-chip micro temperature controller including a pair of thermoelectric legs with a total area of 50×50μm^(2),which are fabricated from dense and flat freestanding Bi2Te3-based ther-moelectric nano films deposited on a newly developed nano graphene oxide membrane substrate.Its tunable equivalent thermal resistance is controlled by electrical currents to achieve energy-efficient temperature control for low-power electronics.A large cooling temperature difference of 44.5 K at 380 K is achieved with a power consumption of only 445μW,resulting in an ultrahigh temperature control capability over 100 K mW^(-1).Moreover,an ultra-fast cooling rate exceeding 2000 K s^(-1) and excellent reliability of up to 1 million cycles are observed.Our proposed on-chip temperature controller is expected to enable further miniaturization and multifunctional integration on a single chip for microelectronics.

Robust optical mode converter based on topological waveguide arrays

Optical mode converters are essential for enhancing the capacity of optical communication systems. However, fabrication errors restrict the further improvement of conventional mode converters. To address this challenge, we have designed an on-chip TE0–TE1mode converter based on topologically protected waveguide arrays. The simulation results demonstrate that the converter exhibits a mode coupling efficiency of 93.5% near 1550 nm and can tolerate a relative fabrication error of 30%. Our design approach can be extended to enhance the robustness for other integrated photonic devices, beneficial for future development of optical network systems.

On-chip readout plasmonic mid-IR gas sensor

Gas identification and concentration measurements are important for both understanding and monitoring a variety of phenomena from industrial processes to environmental change.Here a novel mid-IR plasmonic gas sensor with on-chip direct readout is proposed based on unity integration of narrowband spectral response,localized field enhancement and thermal detection.A systematic investigation consisting of both optical and thermal simulations for gas sensing is presented for the first time in three sensing modes including refractive index sensing,absorption sensing and spectroscopy,respectively.It is found that a detection limit less than 100 ppm for CO2 could be realized by a combination of surface plasmon resonance enhancement and metal-organic framework gas enrichment with an enhancement factor over 8000 in an ultracompact optical interaction length of only several microns.Moreover,on-chip spectroscopy is demonstrated with the compressive sensing algorithm via a narrowband plasmonic sensor array.An array of 80 such sensors with an average resonance linewidth of 10 nm reconstructs the CO2 molecular absorption spectrum with the estimated resolution of approximately 0.01 nm far beyond the state-of-the-art spectrometer.The novel device design and analytical method are expected to provide a promising technique for extensive applications of distributed or portable mid-IR gas sensor.

On-Chip Inductor Technique for Improving LNA Performance Operating at 15 GHz

This paper presents a technique for low noise figure reduction of low-noise amplifier (LNA). The proposed LNA is designed in a source degeneration technique that offers lower noise figure. The resistance of the on-chip inductor is reduced by using multilayer that significantly reduces the thermal noise due to spiral inductor. Also, using spiral inductor as a gate inductor reduces the effect of the input parasitic capacitance on the noise figure and provides a good matching at the input and output of the LNA. The results of the LNA using multilayer on-chip inductor compared will off-chip inductor have been illustrated. It shows that the proposed technique reduces significantly the noise figure and improves the matching. The proposed LNA is designed in 0.13 μm process with 1.3 V supply voltage and simulated using Advanced Design System (ADS) software. The simulation results show that the LNA is unconditionally stable and provides a forward gain of 11.087 dB at operating frequency of 15 GHz with 1.784 dB noise figure and input and output impedance matching of –17.93 dB, and –10.04 dB.

A Single Mode Hybrid Ⅲ-Ⅴ/Silicon On-Chip Laser Based on Flip-Chip Bonding Technology for Optical Interconnection

A single mode hybrid Ⅲ-Ⅴ/silicon on-chip laser based on the flip-chip bonding technology for on-chip optical interconnection is demonstrated. A single mode Fabry-Perot laser structure with micro-structures on an InP ridge waveguide is designed and fabricated on an InP/AIGaInAs multiple quantum well epitaxial layer structure wafer by using i-line lithography. Then, a silicon waveguide platform including a laser mounting stage is designed and fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. The single mode laser is flip-chip bonded on the laser mounting stage. The lasing light is butt-coupling to the silicon waveguide. The laser power output from a silicon waveguide is 1.3roW, and the threshold is 37mA at room temperature and continuous wave operation.

Development of series SQUID array with on-chip filter for TES detector

A cold preamplifier based on superconducting quantum interference devices(SQUIDs)is currently the preferred readout technology for the low-noise transition edge sensor(TES).In this work,we have designed and fabricated a series SQUID array(SSA)amplifier for the TES detector readout circuit.In this SSA amplifier,each SQUID cell is composed of a first-order gradiometer formed using two equally large square washers,and an on-chip low pass filter(LPF)as a radiofrequency(RF)choke has been developed to reduce the Josephson oscillation interference between individual SQUID cells.In addition,a highly symmetric layout has been designed carefully to provide a fully consistent embedded electromagnetic environment and achieve coherent flux operation.The measured results show smooth V-Φcharacteristics and a swing voltage that increases linearly with increasing SQUID cell number N.A white flux noise level as low as 0.28μφ;/Hz;is achieved at 0.1 K,corresponding to a low current noise level of 7 pA/Hz;.We analyze the measured noise contribution at mK-scale temperatures and find that the dominant noise derives from a combination of the SSA intrinsic noise and the equivalent current noise of the room temperature electronics.

On-Chip Capillary Electrophoresis (Chip-CE) with Optical On-Chip Leaky-Waveguide-Based Detection

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) suffers from a relatively small sensitivity—at least in case of optical detection transversely to the capillary axis due to the small capillary inner diameters in the range of 50 - 100 μm. Different concepts like bubble, U-, or Z-cells have been used to tackle that problem already in the nineties of the last century. But the U- and Z-cells have typically been extra cells with larger inner channel diameters and no optimization for optical waveguiding and the bubble cell per se did not allow for optical waveguiding. In the case of on-chip capillary electrophoresis (chip-CE) a U-cell can be implemented quite easily on the chip. Here we show how leaky optical waveguiding can be employed to improve optical detection. Proper U-channel design and preparation by wet-chemical etching of the fused silica sub- and superstrate, making the U-channel bend a part of the optical input lens system, can help to achieve high coupling efficiency with loss coefficients around 2 dB and low waveguiding loss.

Area Analysis for On-chip Routers with Different Data-link Widths

Compared with the traditional and inter-chip networks, on-chip networks （NoCs） have enormous wire resources which can be traded for improving other performance requirements. This means that much wider data links can be used for NoCs. This paper focuses on the area costs for on-chip routers under four different data-link widths： 8 bits, 16 bits, 128 bits, and 256bits. Firstly, a virtual-channel based on-chip router is introduced. Secondly, the components of the router are implemented by Verilog HDL models and synthesized by Quartus II 4.0 in a FPGA device. Finally, the area costs are analyzed. It can be seen from the results that data-link width has great influence on area costs of buffers and crossbar while has no influence on area costs of arbiter.

基于PLC的塑料挤出机远程监控系统设计

为了保证塑料挤出机稳定运行,提高企业生产效率,对生产设备进行远程监控,设计开发了基于可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)的塑料挤出机远程监控系统。该系统由数据采集模块与生产监控平台两部分构成。其中,数据采集模块主要以树莓派单片机为基础,从PLC中读取数据再发送到云服务器,生产监控平台可以远程对塑料挤出机的挤出量、电流、转速与机筒温度进行监控,记录设备保养信息,提供设备报警等功能。该塑料挤出机远程监控系统操作简单,实用性强,确保了挤出机的安全、稳定、高效运行。

Waveguide-integrated optical modulators with two-dimensional materials

Waveguide-integrated optical modulators are indispensable for on-chip optical interconnects and optical computing.To cope with the ever-increasing amount of data being generated and consumed,ultrafast waveguide-integrated optical modulators with low energy consumption are highly demanded.In recent years,two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted a lot of attention and have provided tremendous opportunities for the development of high-performance waveguide-integrated optical modulators because of their extraordinary optoelectronic properties and versatile compatibility.This paper reviews the state-of-the-art waveguide-integrated optical modulators with 2D materials,providing researchers with the developing trends in the field and allowing them to identify existing challenges and promising potential solutions.First,the concept and fundamental mechanisms of optical modulation with 2D materials are summarized.Second,a review of waveguide-integrated optical modulators employing electro-optic,all-optic,and thermo-optic effects is provided.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of waveguide-integrated modulators with 2D materials are discussed.

High-resolution portable lens-free on-chip microscopy with RGB LED via pinhole array

Lens-free on-chip microscopy with RGB LEDs(LFOCM-RGB)provides a portable,cost-effective,and high-throughput imaging tool for resource-limited environments.However,the weak coherence of LEDs limits the high-resolution imaging,and the luminous surfaces of the LED chips on the RGB LED do not overlap,making the coherence-enhanced executions tend to undermine the portable and cost-effective implementation.Here,we propose a specially designed pinhole array to enhance coherence in a portable and cost-effective implementation.It modulates the three-color beams from the RGB LED separately so that the three-color beams effectively overlap on the sample plane while reducing the effective light-emitting area for better spatial coherence.The separate modulation of the spatial coherence allows the temporal coherence to be modulated separately by single spectral filters rather than by expensive triple spectral filters.Based on the pinhole array,the LFOCM-RGB simply and effectively realizes the high-resolution imaging in a portable and cost-effective implementation,offering much flexibility for various applications in resource-limited environments.

On-Chip Sub-Picometer Continuous Wavelength Fiber-Bragg-Grating Interrogator

Miniaturized fiber-Bragg-grating(FBG)interrogators are of interest for applications in the areas where weight and size controlling is important,e.g.,airplanes and aerospace or in-situ monitoring.An ultra-compact high-precision on-chip interrogator is proposed based on a tailored arrayed waveguide grating(AWG)on a silicon-on-insulator(SOI)platform.The on-chip interrogator enables continuous wavelength interrogation from 1544 nm to 1568 nm with the wavelength accuracy of less than 1 pm[the root-mean-square error(RMSE)is 0.73 pm]over the whole wavelength range.The chip loss is less than 5 dB.The 1×16 AWG is optimized to achieve a large bandwidth and a low noise level at each channel,and the FBG reflection peaks can be detected by multiple output channels of the AWG.The fabricated AWG is utilized to interrogate FBG sensors through the center of gravity(CoG)algorithm.The validation of an on-chip FBG interrogator that works with sub-picometer wavelength accuracy in a broad wavelength range shows large potential for applications in miniaturized fiber optic sensing systems.

基于触觉感知的自行车后视系统

为了在自行车转向或变道时,实现无需左右回头观察即可了解后方路况,设计了一套便于骑行者感知车后具体情况的自行车后视系统.该系统可分为车尾探测装置与终端反应手套,主要由USB摄像头与执行模块构成,并采用了you only look once(YOLO)v4目标检测算法.通过在自行车车尾安装检测设备,与骑手的特制手套进行无线通信,从而传递车后方探测到的有关安全状况的紧急信息.实验结果表明:该系统能够对后方的行进车辆进行多目标检测及警告优先级目标,并在足够的安全距离内识别率较高.

微系统研究的思考和单芯片RF-MEMS研究进展

微光机电一体化系统简称微系统 ,是当今技术发展的前沿领域之一。微系统技术的发展将大大地促进许多产品或装置微型化、集成化和智能化 ,成倍地提高器件和系统的功能密度、信息密度与互连密度 ,大幅度地节能降耗 ,有广阔的应用领域和市场。文章阐述了微系统研究的意义以及微系统基础研究的重要性 ,概述了用于无线通信设备的MEMS器件的性能 ,指出了MEMS技术是最终实现单芯片机电一体化无线收发系统的根本途径之一 ,介绍了用于无线通信网络的单芯片机电一体化的微系统研究进展情况。

PIC单片机实现交通灯控制系统

介绍了应用 PIC单片机实现交通灯管制的控制系统 ,以及该系统软、硬件设计方法 ,实验证明系统实现简单、经济 ,具有较实用的价值。

单片机语音处理系统的研制

介绍了利用单片机处理语音的设计思路,语音处理系统硬件设计及软件实现,AT89C51单片机与ISD1420语音组合精灵板硬件的连接。

基于单片机控制红外线遥控的编码实现

介绍一种用MCS51单片机和红外遥控技术实现近距离无线通信的软硬件系统。为了使受控设备识别信号,设计一种数字信号编码系统,利用红外线将数字信号调制,而数据的解码则通过单片机完成。系统的抗干扰性能好,实现简单。

ISD1420语音芯片在单片机测量系统中的应用

ISD1420是一种录音数据永久保存、高保真、耗电小、适用于同单片机接口的新一代语音器件。本文介绍了ISD1420的特点和引脚功能，结合语音报高装置实例，详细介绍了ISD1420在单片机系统中的具体应用。

浅论嵌入式系统

介绍了嵌入式系统的概念、构成和特点,以及它的发展过程和应用领域。

自动抄表系统中几种传感器的应用

简要介绍了自动抄表系统的基本原理和采集部分的设计思路,着重介绍了光电传感器、霍尔传感器和零功耗磁敏传感器及其检测电路在自动抄表系统中的应用,并对它们的优缺点进行了比较。