Traditional coal mine safety prediction methods are off-line and do not have dynamic prediction functions.The Support Vector Machine(SVM) is a new machine learning algorithm that has excellent properties.The least squ...Traditional coal mine safety prediction methods are off-line and do not have dynamic prediction functions.The Support Vector Machine(SVM) is a new machine learning algorithm that has excellent properties.The least squares support vector machine(LS-SVM) algorithm is an improved algorithm of SVM.But the common LS-SVM algorithm,used directly in safety predictions,has some problems.We have first studied gas prediction problems and the basic theory of LS-SVM.Given these problems,we have investigated the affect of the time factor about safety prediction and present an on-line prediction algorithm,based on LS-SVM.Finally,given our observed data,we used the on-line algorithm to predict gas emissions and used other related algorithm to compare its performance.The simulation results have verified the validity of the new algorithm.展开更多
Among various ionization detectors for gas chromatography(GC), the most promising one is perhaps the nonradioactive ionization detector which makes use of a microwave induced plasma(MIP). The use of MIP for gas chroma...Among various ionization detectors for gas chromatography(GC), the most promising one is perhaps the nonradioactive ionization detector which makes use of a microwave induced plasma(MIP). The use of MIP for gas chromatography was first studied by McCormack, et al. in 1965, Freeman developed a photoionization detector utilizing helium microwave discharge. In 1971, we developed a microwave展开更多
In this study, whole-oil gas chromatographic fingerprint analyses were performed on oils from the Es3^3 reservoir in the Liubei area of the Nanpu Sag. The gas chromatographic peaks of cyclic and branched alkanes with ...In this study, whole-oil gas chromatographic fingerprint analyses were performed on oils from the Es3^3 reservoir in the Liubei area of the Nanpu Sag. The gas chromatographic peaks of cyclic and branched alkanes with relatively high resolution from nCl0 to nC25 were selected to establish a database of whole-oil gas chromatographic peak height ratio fingerprints. Reservoir fluid connectivity was identified by using clustering analysis. This method can reflect the gas chromatography fingerprint information accurately and entirely, and avoid the one-sidedness of the star diagram method which only selects several fixed gas chromatographic peaks.展开更多
The cellular fatty acids from a total of 62 strains of Torulopsis glabrata (T. glabrata), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), Rhodotorula rubra (R. rubra), Candida krusei (C. krusei), Candida albicans (C. albica...The cellular fatty acids from a total of 62 strains of Torulopsis glabrata (T. glabrata), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), Rhodotorula rubra (R. rubra), Candida krusei (C. krusei), Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis) were examined by capillary gas chromatography. On the basis of fatty acid composition, all strains could be differentiated as to species. These results indicate that capillary gas chromatographic analysis of cellular fatty acids is likely to be useful for rapid identification or grouping of newer isolates of yeast species.展开更多
Heptakis(2.6-di-O-pentyl-3-O-ally)-β-cyclodextrin as an excellent gas chromatographic stationary phase separating phenol and cresol isomers is described.
A rapid method was developed for the determination of diazinon in plasma using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). Following a single extraction with hexane from 100μl of plasma, diazinon was...A rapid method was developed for the determination of diazinon in plasma using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). Following a single extraction with hexane from 100μl of plasma, diazinon was quantitated on a 3% OV-17 column. The detection limit was 10 ng/ml and linearity was obtained in the range of 25 ng/ml-2500 ng/ml.The applicability of the assay to single-dose kinetics in rats is illustrated展开更多
In order to suppress the harm of gas explosion,the current study researched on the body of vacuum chamber.The previous studies verifed that it could obviously lower the explosion overpressure by reasonably arranging v...In order to suppress the harm of gas explosion,the current study researched on the body of vacuum chamber.The previous studies verifed that it could obviously lower the explosion overpressure by reasonably arranging vacuum chamber on pipe.That is to say,the vacuum chamber has the effect of absorbing wave and energy.To further deeply analyze the vacuum chamber suppressing gas explosion,this research designed the L-type pipe of gas explosion,and compared the experimental results of gas explosion with vacuum chamber and without vacuum chamber.Besides,using the gas chromatograph,this study also investigated the gas compositions in the pipe before and after explosion.The results show that:(1)without vacuum chamber,the maximum value of explosion overpressure is 0.22 MPa,with60 ms duration,and after explosion,the concentration of oxygen drops to 12.07%,but the concentration of carbon monoxide increases to 4392.3 10à6,and the concentration of carbon dioxide goes up to7.848%,which can make the persons in danger suffocate and die;(2)with vacuum chamber,explosion overpressure drops to 0.18 MPa,with 20 ms duration or less,and after explosion,the concentration of oxygen still remains 12.07%,but the concentration of methane is 7.83%,however the concentration of carbon monoxide is only 727.24 10à6,and the concentration of carbon dioxide is only 1.219%,at the this moment the concentration ratio of toxic gas drops by more than 83%in comparison to be that without vacuum chamber.Consequently,the vacuum chamber can guarantee that most methane does not take part in chemical reaction,and timely quenches the deflagration reaction of gas and oxygen.Because of the two points mentioned above,it reduces the explosion energy,and lowers that the overpressure of blast wave impacts and damages on the persons and facilities,and also decreases the consumption of oxygen and the production of the toxic gas.Therefore,it is safe to conclude that the vacuum chamber not only absorbs wave and energy,but also prevents and suppresses explosion.展开更多
Effects of butanol isomers on characteristics of combustion and emission were studied on PFI SI engine. Experiments were operated under the condition of 3 and 5 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) engine loads an...Effects of butanol isomers on characteristics of combustion and emission were studied on PFI SI engine. Experiments were operated under the condition of 3 and 5 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) engine loads and different equivalence ratios (φ=0.83-1.25) with engine speed of 1200 r/min using blends made of 70 vol.% gasoline and 30 vol.% butanol isomers (N30, S30, I30 and T30). The results indicated that compared with gasoline, all butanol isomer blends have higher cylinder pressure. N30 has the highest and most advanced peak pressure, and T30 shows a higher brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and lower brake thermal efficiency (BTE). N30 presents a lower UHC emissions and I30 has slightly higher CO emissions than other blends. For unregulated emissions, compared with gasoline, butanol isomer blends have higher acetaldehyde, and N30 produces a higher emission of 1,3-butadiene than other blends. A reduction in benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) has been found with butanol isomer blends.展开更多
A sensor based on the technique of a piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is analyzed for the detection of six organic volatile compounds with high olive oil sensory significance, such as hexanal, acetic ac...A sensor based on the technique of a piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is analyzed for the detection of six organic volatile compounds with high olive oil sensory significance, such as hexanal, acetic acid, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, undecane, 1-octen-3-ol and 2-butanone. Four sample concentrations have been exposed to each QCM sensor constructed. The detection system is based on the sample adsorption on the forty sensing films coated at the surfaces of forty AT-cut gold-coated quartz crystals. Each sensing film has been prepared with different solution concentrations of ten materials, usually used as chromatographic sta-tionary phases. Sensing film coating process shows excellent repeatability, with coefficient values less than 0.50%. The frequency shifts of the piezoelectric crystals due to the adsorption of the volatile compounds have been measured as sensor responses, using a static measurement system. The results show that only five QCM sensors, with high sensitivity values, are enough to the detection of the volatile compounds studied. Therefore, the developed detection system presented herein provides a rapid identification of organic volatile compounds with elevated olive oil sensory connotation and it could be a substitute technique to the analytical methods normally used for the analysis of the olive oil flavor.展开更多
Eight fatty acids from beaver oil were identified by GC-9A, and their contents were determinded. A simple yet effective method for separation and quantification was described. Contents of the fatty acids were related ...Eight fatty acids from beaver oil were identified by GC-9A, and their contents were determinded. A simple yet effective method for separation and quantification was described. Contents of the fatty acids were related to their conditions of extraction.展开更多
Combining improved injector, gas line and valve-driving models, a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with Hydrogen Flame Ionization Detector (FID) and Electron Capture Detector (ECD), can measure CH4, CO2, and N2O simult...Combining improved injector, gas line and valve-driving models, a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with Hydrogen Flame Ionization Detector (FID) and Electron Capture Detector (ECD), can measure CH4, CO2, and N2O simultaneously in an air sample in four minutes. Test results show that the system has high sensitivity, resolution, and precision; the linear response range of the system meets the requirement of flux measurements in situ. The system is suitable for monitoring fluxes of the main greenhouse gases in a short-plant field since it is easy to use, efficacious, and constant and reliable in collecting data.展开更多
Rapid on-site identification of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in ambient air is an important first step in remediation efforts. This study describes modification of a commercially available, portable GC/MS syste...Rapid on-site identification of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in ambient air is an important first step in remediation efforts. This study describes modification of a commercially available, portable GC/MS system and development of an analysis protocol for rapid （〈 3 min） sampling and identification of VOCs typically found at contaminated sites at the low ppbv level.展开更多
Objective Many studies have been conducted in order to evaluate the genotoxicity of chemicals and waste materials, which utilized in vivo test protocols. The use of animals for routine toxicity testing is now question...Objective Many studies have been conducted in order to evaluate the genotoxicity of chemicals and waste materials, which utilized in vivo test protocols. The use of animals for routine toxicity testing is now questioned by a growing segment of society. Methods Keeping the above fact in mind, we have conducted in the present study the genotoxicity evaluation of oily sludge samples generated from a petroleum refinery and petrochemical industry and ETP sludge from petroleum refinery using DNA damage, chromosomal aberration, p53 protein induction and apoptosis in short term in vitro mammalian Chinese Hamster Ovary cell cultures. Results It is evident from the results that the oily sludge compounds derived from petroleum refinery and petrochemical industry could cause DNA damage, chromosomal aberration, p53 protein accumulation and apoptotic cell death on exposure to oily sludge extracts in the presence of metabolic activation system (S-9 mix), however, ETP sludge extract could not cause significant genotoxicity in comparison to oily sludge extract and negative control. Conclusion The effect may be attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in the samples as evidenced from GC-MS.展开更多
This study explored the complex effect of graphite tortuosity on the electrochemical performance of Ni-rich NCA90 Li-ion batteries(LIBs).Different levels of graphite anode tortuosity were analyzed,revealing that low-t...This study explored the complex effect of graphite tortuosity on the electrochemical performance of Ni-rich NCA90 Li-ion batteries(LIBs).Different levels of graphite anode tortuosity were analyzed,revealing that low-tortuosity electrodes had better graphite utilization.The in-plane tortuosities of the graphite anode electrodes examined were 1.70,1.94,2.05,and 2.18,while their corresponding through-plane tortuosities were 4.74,6.94,8.19,and 9.80.In-operando X-ray diffraction and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry were employed to investigate the charge storage mechanism and gas evolution.The study revealed that while graphite electrode tortuosity impacted the amount of Li present in the lithiated graphite phase due to diffusion constraints,it did not affect gas generation.The Li-ion utilization in low-tortuosity electrodes was higher than that in high-tortuosity electrodes because of solid-diffusion limitations.Additionally,the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT) was employed to investigate a lithium-ion diffusion coefficient.Our results indicate that the lithium-ion diffusion coefficient exhibits a significant difference only during LiC_(6) phase transition.We also observed that the use of a lower tortuosity electrode leads to improved lithium-ion insertion.Consequently,graphite utilization is influenced by the porous electrode design.Safety tests adhering to UN38.3 guidelines verified battery safety.The study demonstrated the practical application of optimized NCA90 LIB cells with diverse graphite electrode tortuosities in a high-performance Lamborghini GoKart,paving the way for further advancements in Ni-rich LIB technology.展开更多
In order to better blend green plum wine and study aromatic components of green plum wine,a qualitative analysis on aromatic components of soaked base liquor,green plum soaked wine,green plum juice,and fermented wine ...In order to better blend green plum wine and study aromatic components of green plum wine,a qualitative analysis on aromatic components of soaked base liquor,green plum soaked wine,green plum juice,and fermented wine of green plum juice by Head Space Solid-phase Microextraction( HS-SPME) and Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer( GC-MS) was studied in this paper. Experiment results indicated that14,32,17,and 46 kinds of aromatic components were identified respectively from four samples. Different aromatic components determined the special flavor and taste of green plum wine. Unique aromatic components generated in soaking process include benzaldehyde,1-butanol,2-methyl-,S-(-),benzoic acid ethyl ester,and 5-( hydroxymethyl). Special aromatic components in green plum juice were furfural,phenylethyl alcohol,and benzyl alcohol. The aromatic components in fermented wine of green plum juice mainly included phenylethyl alcohol( 6. 941%,relative content of peak area,same below),1-butanol,3-methyl-( 6. 940%),octanoic acid,ethyl ester( 3. 734%),decanoic acid,ethyl ester( 2. 590%),hexanoic acid,ethyl ester( 2. 479%),ethyl 9-decenoate( 2. 080%),and 5-hydroxymethyl( 1. 756%). This study was expected to provide scientific basis and data reference for quality improvement of green plum wine.展开更多
A molecular electronegativity distance vector based on 13 atomic types (MEDV-13) is used to describe the structures of 62 polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) congeners and related to the gas chromatographic relative ret...A molecular electronegativity distance vector based on 13 atomic types (MEDV-13) is used to describe the structures of 62 polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) congeners and related to the gas chromatographic relative retention indices (RIs) of PCNs. Using multiple linear regression, a 4-variable quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) with the correlation coefficient of estimations (r) being 0.9912 and the root mean square error of estimations (RMSEE) being 31.4 and the correlation coefficient of predictions (q) and the root mean square error of predictions (RMSEP) in the leave-one-out procedure are 0.9898 and 33.76, respectively.展开更多
A rapid analytical method was first developed to detect organophosphorus pesticides(OPPs)in cereals,which used dynamic microwave assisted extraction(DMAE)coupled online with a modified quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugge...A rapid analytical method was first developed to detect organophosphorus pesticides(OPPs)in cereals,which used dynamic microwave assisted extraction(DMAE)coupled online with a modified quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged,and safe(QuEChERS)method.Cereals samples were mixed with a certain amount of quartz,Ci8 and the primary second amine(PSA),and extracted successively with the acetonitrile-water solution(80%,VIV)under microwave irradiation.The obtained eluate was directly introduced into a collection tube containing NaCl and MgSO4.Finally,the supemate was evaporated and reconstructed,and determined by gas chromatographic spectrometry.Some factors affecting the experimental results were studied and optimized.The extraction and purification processes were carried out coinstantaneously and 12 samples could be treated in one step in 4 min.Low limits of tection(0.43—1.31 p.g/kg)for OPPs were obtained in cereals.The relative standard deviations(RSDs)were 2.1%—9.3%.The recoveries of OPPs ranged from 76.1%to 100.2%.By combining the advantages of DMAE with QuEChERS,the sample pretreatment process was simple to operate,with little amount of organic solvent.The whole extraction process was completed in a closed environment,therefore it was very appropriate for daily analysis of OPPs in cereals.展开更多
文摘Traditional coal mine safety prediction methods are off-line and do not have dynamic prediction functions.The Support Vector Machine(SVM) is a new machine learning algorithm that has excellent properties.The least squares support vector machine(LS-SVM) algorithm is an improved algorithm of SVM.But the common LS-SVM algorithm,used directly in safety predictions,has some problems.We have first studied gas prediction problems and the basic theory of LS-SVM.Given these problems,we have investigated the affect of the time factor about safety prediction and present an on-line prediction algorithm,based on LS-SVM.Finally,given our observed data,we used the on-line algorithm to predict gas emissions and used other related algorithm to compare its performance.The simulation results have verified the validity of the new algorithm.
文摘Among various ionization detectors for gas chromatography(GC), the most promising one is perhaps the nonradioactive ionization detector which makes use of a microwave induced plasma(MIP). The use of MIP for gas chromatography was first studied by McCormack, et al. in 1965, Freeman developed a photoionization detector utilizing helium microwave discharge. In 1971, we developed a microwave
基金funded by Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Minerals (Project DMSM201009)Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, China (Project TPR-2010-29)
文摘In this study, whole-oil gas chromatographic fingerprint analyses were performed on oils from the Es3^3 reservoir in the Liubei area of the Nanpu Sag. The gas chromatographic peaks of cyclic and branched alkanes with relatively high resolution from nCl0 to nC25 were selected to establish a database of whole-oil gas chromatographic peak height ratio fingerprints. Reservoir fluid connectivity was identified by using clustering analysis. This method can reflect the gas chromatography fingerprint information accurately and entirely, and avoid the one-sidedness of the star diagram method which only selects several fixed gas chromatographic peaks.
文摘The cellular fatty acids from a total of 62 strains of Torulopsis glabrata (T. glabrata), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), Rhodotorula rubra (R. rubra), Candida krusei (C. krusei), Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis) were examined by capillary gas chromatography. On the basis of fatty acid composition, all strains could be differentiated as to species. These results indicate that capillary gas chromatographic analysis of cellular fatty acids is likely to be useful for rapid identification or grouping of newer isolates of yeast species.
文摘Heptakis(2.6-di-O-pentyl-3-O-ally)-β-cyclodextrin as an excellent gas chromatographic stationary phase separating phenol and cresol isomers is described.
文摘A rapid method was developed for the determination of diazinon in plasma using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). Following a single extraction with hexane from 100μl of plasma, diazinon was quantitated on a 3% OV-17 column. The detection limit was 10 ng/ml and linearity was obtained in the range of 25 ng/ml-2500 ng/ml.The applicability of the assay to single-dose kinetics in rats is illustrated
基金Financial support from the State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology and Gas Control of Henan Polytechnic University of China(No.WS2012A04)
文摘In order to suppress the harm of gas explosion,the current study researched on the body of vacuum chamber.The previous studies verifed that it could obviously lower the explosion overpressure by reasonably arranging vacuum chamber on pipe.That is to say,the vacuum chamber has the effect of absorbing wave and energy.To further deeply analyze the vacuum chamber suppressing gas explosion,this research designed the L-type pipe of gas explosion,and compared the experimental results of gas explosion with vacuum chamber and without vacuum chamber.Besides,using the gas chromatograph,this study also investigated the gas compositions in the pipe before and after explosion.The results show that:(1)without vacuum chamber,the maximum value of explosion overpressure is 0.22 MPa,with60 ms duration,and after explosion,the concentration of oxygen drops to 12.07%,but the concentration of carbon monoxide increases to 4392.3 10à6,and the concentration of carbon dioxide goes up to7.848%,which can make the persons in danger suffocate and die;(2)with vacuum chamber,explosion overpressure drops to 0.18 MPa,with 20 ms duration or less,and after explosion,the concentration of oxygen still remains 12.07%,but the concentration of methane is 7.83%,however the concentration of carbon monoxide is only 727.24 10à6,and the concentration of carbon dioxide is only 1.219%,at the this moment the concentration ratio of toxic gas drops by more than 83%in comparison to be that without vacuum chamber.Consequently,the vacuum chamber can guarantee that most methane does not take part in chemical reaction,and timely quenches the deflagration reaction of gas and oxygen.Because of the two points mentioned above,it reduces the explosion energy,and lowers that the overpressure of blast wave impacts and damages on the persons and facilities,and also decreases the consumption of oxygen and the production of the toxic gas.Therefore,it is safe to conclude that the vacuum chamber not only absorbs wave and energy,but also prevents and suppresses explosion.
基金Projects(51776016,51606006) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(3172025,3182030) supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China+4 种基金Project(2017YFB0103401) supported by National Key Research and Development ProgramProject(NELMS2017A10) funded by the National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology,ChinaProject(2018RC017) supported by the Talents Foundation of Beijing Jiaotong University,ChinaProject(DE-EE0006864) supported by the Department of EnergyProject(201507090044) supported by China Scholarship Council
文摘Effects of butanol isomers on characteristics of combustion and emission were studied on PFI SI engine. Experiments were operated under the condition of 3 and 5 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) engine loads and different equivalence ratios (φ=0.83-1.25) with engine speed of 1200 r/min using blends made of 70 vol.% gasoline and 30 vol.% butanol isomers (N30, S30, I30 and T30). The results indicated that compared with gasoline, all butanol isomer blends have higher cylinder pressure. N30 has the highest and most advanced peak pressure, and T30 shows a higher brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and lower brake thermal efficiency (BTE). N30 presents a lower UHC emissions and I30 has slightly higher CO emissions than other blends. For unregulated emissions, compared with gasoline, butanol isomer blends have higher acetaldehyde, and N30 produces a higher emission of 1,3-butadiene than other blends. A reduction in benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) has been found with butanol isomer blends.
文摘A sensor based on the technique of a piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is analyzed for the detection of six organic volatile compounds with high olive oil sensory significance, such as hexanal, acetic acid, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, undecane, 1-octen-3-ol and 2-butanone. Four sample concentrations have been exposed to each QCM sensor constructed. The detection system is based on the sample adsorption on the forty sensing films coated at the surfaces of forty AT-cut gold-coated quartz crystals. Each sensing film has been prepared with different solution concentrations of ten materials, usually used as chromatographic sta-tionary phases. Sensing film coating process shows excellent repeatability, with coefficient values less than 0.50%. The frequency shifts of the piezoelectric crystals due to the adsorption of the volatile compounds have been measured as sensor responses, using a static measurement system. The results show that only five QCM sensors, with high sensitivity values, are enough to the detection of the volatile compounds studied. Therefore, the developed detection system presented herein provides a rapid identification of organic volatile compounds with elevated olive oil sensory connotation and it could be a substitute technique to the analytical methods normally used for the analysis of the olive oil flavor.
文摘Eight fatty acids from beaver oil were identified by GC-9A, and their contents were determinded. A simple yet effective method for separation and quantification was described. Contents of the fatty acids were related to their conditions of extraction.
文摘Combining improved injector, gas line and valve-driving models, a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with Hydrogen Flame Ionization Detector (FID) and Electron Capture Detector (ECD), can measure CH4, CO2, and N2O simultaneously in an air sample in four minutes. Test results show that the system has high sensitivity, resolution, and precision; the linear response range of the system meets the requirement of flux measurements in situ. The system is suitable for monitoring fluxes of the main greenhouse gases in a short-plant field since it is easy to use, efficacious, and constant and reliable in collecting data.
基金supported by a grant from the Syracuse Center of Excellence
文摘Rapid on-site identification of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in ambient air is an important first step in remediation efforts. This study describes modification of a commercially available, portable GC/MS system and development of an analysis protocol for rapid （〈 3 min） sampling and identification of VOCs typically found at contaminated sites at the low ppbv level.
文摘Objective Many studies have been conducted in order to evaluate the genotoxicity of chemicals and waste materials, which utilized in vivo test protocols. The use of animals for routine toxicity testing is now questioned by a growing segment of society. Methods Keeping the above fact in mind, we have conducted in the present study the genotoxicity evaluation of oily sludge samples generated from a petroleum refinery and petrochemical industry and ETP sludge from petroleum refinery using DNA damage, chromosomal aberration, p53 protein induction and apoptosis in short term in vitro mammalian Chinese Hamster Ovary cell cultures. Results It is evident from the results that the oily sludge compounds derived from petroleum refinery and petrochemical industry could cause DNA damage, chromosomal aberration, p53 protein accumulation and apoptotic cell death on exposure to oily sludge extracts in the presence of metabolic activation system (S-9 mix), however, ETP sludge extract could not cause significant genotoxicity in comparison to oily sludge extract and negative control. Conclusion The effect may be attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in the samples as evidenced from GC-MS.
基金financially supported under the Program Management Unit for National Competitiveness Enhancement (PMUC) by the Office of the National Higher Education Science Research and Innovation Policy Council (NXPO) PTT Public Company LimitedIRPC Public Company Limited, Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) under the Fundamental Fund by TSRI (FRB660004/0457)+2 种基金Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC)Energy Policy and Planning Office (EPPO), Ministry of Energy, Thailandthe Frontier Research Centre (FRC) supported this work, VISTEC。
文摘This study explored the complex effect of graphite tortuosity on the electrochemical performance of Ni-rich NCA90 Li-ion batteries(LIBs).Different levels of graphite anode tortuosity were analyzed,revealing that low-tortuosity electrodes had better graphite utilization.The in-plane tortuosities of the graphite anode electrodes examined were 1.70,1.94,2.05,and 2.18,while their corresponding through-plane tortuosities were 4.74,6.94,8.19,and 9.80.In-operando X-ray diffraction and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry were employed to investigate the charge storage mechanism and gas evolution.The study revealed that while graphite electrode tortuosity impacted the amount of Li present in the lithiated graphite phase due to diffusion constraints,it did not affect gas generation.The Li-ion utilization in low-tortuosity electrodes was higher than that in high-tortuosity electrodes because of solid-diffusion limitations.Additionally,the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT) was employed to investigate a lithium-ion diffusion coefficient.Our results indicate that the lithium-ion diffusion coefficient exhibits a significant difference only during LiC_(6) phase transition.We also observed that the use of a lower tortuosity electrode leads to improved lithium-ion insertion.Consequently,graphite utilization is influenced by the porous electrode design.Safety tests adhering to UN38.3 guidelines verified battery safety.The study demonstrated the practical application of optimized NCA90 LIB cells with diverse graphite electrode tortuosities in a high-performance Lamborghini GoKart,paving the way for further advancements in Ni-rich LIB technology.
基金Supported by Talent Introduction Project of Sichuan University of Science&Engineering(2012RC142015RC14)
文摘In order to better blend green plum wine and study aromatic components of green plum wine,a qualitative analysis on aromatic components of soaked base liquor,green plum soaked wine,green plum juice,and fermented wine of green plum juice by Head Space Solid-phase Microextraction( HS-SPME) and Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer( GC-MS) was studied in this paper. Experiment results indicated that14,32,17,and 46 kinds of aromatic components were identified respectively from four samples. Different aromatic components determined the special flavor and taste of green plum wine. Unique aromatic components generated in soaking process include benzaldehyde,1-butanol,2-methyl-,S-(-),benzoic acid ethyl ester,and 5-( hydroxymethyl). Special aromatic components in green plum juice were furfural,phenylethyl alcohol,and benzyl alcohol. The aromatic components in fermented wine of green plum juice mainly included phenylethyl alcohol( 6. 941%,relative content of peak area,same below),1-butanol,3-methyl-( 6. 940%),octanoic acid,ethyl ester( 3. 734%),decanoic acid,ethyl ester( 2. 590%),hexanoic acid,ethyl ester( 2. 479%),ethyl 9-decenoate( 2. 080%),and 5-hydroxymethyl( 1. 756%). This study was expected to provide scientific basis and data reference for quality improvement of green plum wine.
基金We are especially grateful to the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation and the National High Technology Project of China (No. 2001AA640601) for their financial supports.
文摘A molecular electronegativity distance vector based on 13 atomic types (MEDV-13) is used to describe the structures of 62 polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) congeners and related to the gas chromatographic relative retention indices (RIs) of PCNs. Using multiple linear regression, a 4-variable quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) with the correlation coefficient of estimations (r) being 0.9912 and the root mean square error of estimations (RMSEE) being 31.4 and the correlation coefficient of predictions (q) and the root mean square error of predictions (RMSEP) in the leave-one-out procedure are 0.9898 and 33.76, respectively.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018 YFD040013).
文摘A rapid analytical method was first developed to detect organophosphorus pesticides(OPPs)in cereals,which used dynamic microwave assisted extraction(DMAE)coupled online with a modified quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged,and safe(QuEChERS)method.Cereals samples were mixed with a certain amount of quartz,Ci8 and the primary second amine(PSA),and extracted successively with the acetonitrile-water solution(80%,VIV)under microwave irradiation.The obtained eluate was directly introduced into a collection tube containing NaCl and MgSO4.Finally,the supemate was evaporated and reconstructed,and determined by gas chromatographic spectrometry.Some factors affecting the experimental results were studied and optimized.The extraction and purification processes were carried out coinstantaneously and 12 samples could be treated in one step in 4 min.Low limits of tection(0.43—1.31 p.g/kg)for OPPs were obtained in cereals.The relative standard deviations(RSDs)were 2.1%—9.3%.The recoveries of OPPs ranged from 76.1%to 100.2%.By combining the advantages of DMAE with QuEChERS,the sample pretreatment process was simple to operate,with little amount of organic solvent.The whole extraction process was completed in a closed environment,therefore it was very appropriate for daily analysis of OPPs in cereals.
