A dual-RPA based lateral flow strip for sensitive,on-site detection of CP4-EPSPS and Cry1Ab/Ac genes in genetically modified crops

Traditional transgenic detection methods require high test conditions and struggle to be both sensitive and efficient.In this study,a one-tube dual recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)reaction system for CP4-EPSPS and Cry1Ab/Ac was proposed and combined with a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay,named“Dual-RPA-LFD”,to visualize the dual detection of genetically modified(GM)crops.In which,the herbicide tolerance gene CP4-EPSPS and the insect resistance gene Cry1Ab/Ac were selected as targets taking into account the current status of the most widespread application of insect resistance and herbicide tolerance traits and their stacked traits.Gradient diluted plasmids,transgenic standards,and actual samples were used as templates to conduct sensitivity,specificity,and practicality assays,respectively.The constructed method achieved the visual detection of plasmid at levels as low as 100 copies,demonstrating its high sensitivity.In addition,good applicability to transgenic samples was observed,with no cross-interference between two test lines and no influence from other genes.In conclusion,this strategy achieved the expected purpose of simultaneous detection of the two popular targets in GM crops within 20 min at 37°C in a rapid,equipmentfree field manner,providing a new alternative for rapid screening for transgenic assays in the field.

Role of macroscopic on-site evaluation of endoscopic ultrasoundguided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy:Results of a multicentric prospective study

BACKGROUND The concept of macroscopic on-site evaluation(MOSE)was introduced in 2015 when the endoscopist observed better diagnostic yield when the macroscopically visible core on MOSE was superior to 4 mm.Recent studies suggest that MOSE by the endoscopist may be an excellent alternative to rapid on-site evaluation,and some classi-fications have been published.Few studies have assessed the adequacy of histologic cores in MOSE during endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy(EUS-FNA/FNB).AIM To evaluate the performance of MOSE during EUS-FNA/FNB.METHODS This multicentric prospective study was conducted in 16 centers in 3 countries(Egypt,Iraq,and Morocco)and included 1108 patients with pancreatic,biliary,or gastrointestinal pathology who were referred for EUS examination.We prospectively analyzed the MOSE in 1008 patients with available histopathological reports according to 2 classifications to determine the adequacy of the histological core samples.Data management and analysis were performed using a Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS)version 27.RESULTS A total of 1074 solid lesions were biopsied in 1008 patients with available cytopathological reports.Mean age was 59 years,and 509 patients(50.5%)were male.The mean lesion size was 38 mm.The most frequently utilized needles were FNB-Franseen(74.5%)and 22 G(93.4%),with a median of 2 passes.According to 2 classifications,618 non-bloody cores(61.3%)and 964 good samples(95.6%)were adequate for histological evaluation.The overall diagnostic yield of cytopathology was 95.5%.The cytological examination confirmed the diagnosis of malignancy in 861 patients(85.4%),while 45 samples(4.5%)were inconclusive.Post-procedural adverse events occurred in 33 patients(3.3%).Statistical analysis showed a difference between needle types(P=0.035)with a high sensitivity of FNB(97%).The analysis of the relationship between the MOSE-score and the final diagnosis showed a significant difference between the different scores of the MOSE(P<0.001).CONCLUSION MOSE is a simple method that allows endoscopists to increase needle passes to improve sample quality.There is significantly higher FNB sensitivity and cytopathology diagnostic yield with good MOSE cores.

Cheesy material on macroscopic on-site evaluation after endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy:Don't miss the tuberculosis

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy(EUS-FNB)is an excellent investigation to diagnose pancreatic lesions and has shown high accuracy for its use in pathologic diagnosis.Recently,macroscopic on-site evaluation(MOSE)performed by an endoscopist was introduced as an alternative to rapid on-site cytologic evaluation to increase the diagnostic yield of EUS-FNB.The MOSE of the biopsy can estimate the adequacy of the sample directly by the macroscopic evaluation of the core tissue obtained from EUS-FNB.Isolated pancreatic tuberculosis is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose because of its non-specific signs and symptoms.Therefore,this challenging diagnosis is based on endoscopy,imaging,and the bacteriological and histological examination of tissue biopsies.This uncommon presentation of tuberculosis can be revealed as pancreatic mass mimicking cancer.EUS-FNB can be very useful in providing a valuable histopathological diagnosis.A calcified lesion with a cheesy core in MOSE must be suggestive of tuberculosis,leading to the request of the GeneXpert,which can detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis deoxyribonucleic acid and resistance to rifampicin.A decent diagnostic strategy is crucial to prevent unnecessary surgical resection and to supply conservative management with antitubercular therapy.

Rapid on-site evaluation of endoscopic-ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of pancreatic masses

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has become an essential tool for the study of pancreatic diseases. Specifically, EUS plays a pivotal role evaluating patients with a known or suspected pancreatic mass. In this setting, differential diagnosis remains a clinical challenge. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and fine-needle biopsy (FNB) have been proven to be safe and useful tools in this setting. EUS-guided FNA and FNB, by obtaining cytological and/or histological samples, are able to diagnose pancreatic lesions with high sensitivity and specificity. In this context, several methodological features, trying to increase the diagnostic yield of EUS-guided FNA and FNB, have been evaluated. In this review, we focus on the role of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). From data reported in the literature, ROSE may increase diagnostic yield of EUS-FNA specimens by 10%-30%, and thus, diagnostic accuracy. However, we should point out that many recent studies have reported adequacy rates of &#x0003e; 90% without ROSE, indicating that, perhaps, at high-volume centers, ROSE may not be indispensable to achieve excellent results. The use of ROSE can be considered important during the learning curve of EUS-FNA, and also in hospital with diagnostic accuracy rates &#x0003c; 90%.

Improved edge lightweight YOLOv4 and its application in on-site power system work

A“cloud-edge-end”collaborative system architecture is adopted for real-time security management of power system on-site work,and mobile edge computing equipment utilizes lightweight intelligent recognition algorithms for on-site risk assessment and alert.Owing to its lightweight and fast speed,YOLOv4-Tiny is often deployed on edge computing equipment for real-time video stream detection;however,its accuracy is relatively low.This study proposes an improved YOLOv4-Tiny algorithm based on attention mechanism and optimized training methods,achieving higher accuracy without compromising the speed.Specifically,a convolution block attention module branch is added to the backbone network to enhance the feature extraction capability and an efficient channel attention mechanism is added in the neck network to improve feature utilization.Moreover,three optimized training methods:transfer learning,mosaic data augmentation,and label smoothing are used to improve the training effect of this improved algorithm.Finally,an edge computing equipment experimental platform equipped with an NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX chip is established and the newly developed algorithm is tested on it.According to the results,the speed of the improved YOLOv4-Tiny algorithm in detecting on-site dress code compliance datasets is 17.25 FPS,and the mean average precision(mAP)is increased from 70.89%to 85.03%.

Random Forests Algorithm Based Duplicate Detection in On-Site Programming Big Data Environment

On-site programming big data refers to the massive data generated in the process of software development with the characteristics of real-time,complexity and high-difficulty for processing.Therefore,data cleaning is essential for on-site programming big data.Duplicate data detection is an important step in data cleaning,which can save storage resources and enhance data consistency.Due to the insufficiency in traditional Sorted Neighborhood Method(SNM)and the difficulty of high-dimensional data detection,an optimized algorithm based on random forests with the dynamic and adaptive window size is proposed.The efficiency of the algorithm can be elevated by improving the method of the key-selection,reducing dimension of data set and using an adaptive variable size sliding window.Experimental results show that the improved SNM algorithm exhibits better performance and achieve higher accuracy.

New Explorations of Laboratory and On-site Testing of Broadband Seismographs in China

According to different testing purposes, methods and available environmental conditions, the seismograph testing can be divided into laboratory and on-site testing, respectively. The testing of the seismograph's key parameters and other concerning technical specifications are well described in guide documents(China Earthquake Administration, 2017). This includes seismometer sensitivity, linearity and clip levels based on the shake table test, as well as the seismometer natural period, damping constant based on electrical calibration(Wang Guangfu,1986; Ple?inger A.,1993) and instrumental self-noise collocation estimation(Holcomb L.G., 1989; Sleeman R. et al., 2006). However, with the development of seismic observation technology, many new requirements for the performance evaluation of seismographs have been put forward, and new testing items and methods have emerged.

Dynamical energy equipartition of the Toda model with additional on-site potentials

We study the dynamical energy equipartition properties in the integrable Toda model with additional uniform or disordered on-site energies by extensive numerical simulations. The total energy is initially equidistributed among some of the lowest frequency linear modes. For the Toda model with uniform on-site potentials, the energy spectrum keeps its profile nearly unchanged in a relatively short time scale. On a much longer time scale, the energies of tail modes increase slowly with time. Energy equipartition is far away from being attached in our studied time scale. For the Toda model with disordered on-site potentials, the energy transfers continuously to the high frequency modes and eventually towards energy equipartition. We further perform a systematic study of the equipartition time teq depending on the energy density ε and the nonlinear parameter α in the thermodynamic limit for the Toda model with disordered on-site potentials. We find teq∝ （1/ε）^a（1/α）^b, where b≈ 2a. The values of a and b are increased when increasing the strengths of disordered on-site potentials or decreasing the number of initially excited modes.

Increased Effluent Dosage Effects on On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems of Differing Architecture Type

Approximately 20% of homes nationwide use an on-site treatment system as a form of household wastewater management. However, approximately 10% to 20% of on-site treatment systems malfunction each year, many of which have either failed or exceeded the soil’s long-term acceptance rate (LTAR), causing environmental and human health risks. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the effects of soil condition (e.g., wet and dry) and product architecture type [i.e., chamber, gravel-less-pipe (GLP), polystyrene-aggregate, and pipe-and-aggregate] on in-product solution storage and biomat thickness in a profile-limited soil in northwest Arkansas under increased loading rates and to estimate the LTAR for each product. During Phase I of this study (March 13 to October 4, 2013), effluent loading rates were approximately doubled, while rates were approximately quadrupled during Phase II (October 8, 2013 to May 29, 2014), from the maximum allowable loading rate for each product. The pipe-and-tire-chip, 46-cm-wide trench pipe-and-gravel, and the 25-cm diameter GLP products had the greatest (p < 0.001), while the 31-cm-width and the 5.4-m-long chambers had the lowest (p < 0.001) in-product solution storage during wet-soil conditions of Phase I monitoring. The 25-cm diameter GLP product had the greatest (p < 0.001), while the 61-cm-width, 5.4-m-long chamber had the lowest (p < 0.001) in-product solution storage during Phase II. Results of this study indicate that some alternative products may be able to effectively handle effluent loading rates in excess of those currently allowed by the State of Arkansas. Further research will be required to confirm these interpretations.

A rapid on-site calibration method for measuring dynamic envelope curve of high-speed trains

Dynamic envelope curve is a significant parameter to assess the running safety of high-speed trains.Up to now the method based on binocular stereo vision is the only way available to measure the dynamic envelope curve of a train,the speed of which is over200km/h.Nevertheless the method has two limitations,one is large field-〇f-view(FO V),the other is calibration time.Hence portable calibration equipment,easy-t〇-build target and rapid calibration algorithm are required to complete the calibration.In this paper,a new rapid on-site calibration method with large FOV based on binocular stereo vision is proposed.To address these issues,a light target has been designed,the rail coordinate system(RCS)is represented by40fixed retroreflective points on the target,and they are utilized to calibrate the parameters of two cameras.In addition,two cameras merely capture a single image of the target simultaneously,and the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the cameras can be calculated rapidly.To testify the proposed method,the experiments have been conducted and the results reveal that the accuracy can reach+1mm,which can meet the measurement requirement.

On-Site Calibration Method of Dosimeter Based on X-Ray Source

The real-time monitoring of environmental radiation dose for nuclear fa-cilities is an important part of safety, in order to guarantee the accuracy of the monitoring results regular calibration is necessary. Around nuclear facilities there are so many environmental dosimeters installed dispers-edly, because of its huge quantity, widely distributed, and in real-time monitoring state;it will cost lots of manpower and finance if it were tak-en to calibrate on standard laboratory;what’s more it will make the en-vironment out of control. To solve the problem of the measurement ac-curacy of the stationary gamma radiation dosimeter, an on-site calibra-tion method is proposed. The radioactive source is X-ray spectrum, and the dose reference instrument which has been calibrated by the national standard laboratory is a high pressure ionization. On-site calibration is divided into two parts;firstly the energy response experiment of dosim-eter for high and low energy is done in the laboratory, and the energy response curve is obtained combining with Monte Carlo simulation;sec-ondly experiment is carried out in the field of the measuring dosimeter, and the substitution method to calibrate the dosimeter is used;finally the calibration coefficient is gotten through energy curve correction. In order to verify the accuracy of on-site calibration method, the calibrated dosimeter is test in the standard laboratory and the error is 3.4%. The re-sult shows that the on-site calibration method using X-ray is feasible, and it can improves the accuracy of the measurement results of the stationary &gamma;-ray instrument;what’s more important is that it has great reference value for the radiation safety management and radiation environment evaluation.

Flowcharts of Patent Prosecution and Litigation Procedures

I. Procedure for Filing and Examination of Patent Applications and Grant of Patents (at the State Intellectual Property Office of China) By Wu

An Experience of On-site PD Testing for Condition Monitoring of an 11 kV PILC Cable Insulation System

A cable circuit of a substation in the United Kingdom showed high level of PD activities during a survey using hand hold PD testing equipment. The authors were invited to carry out on-site PD testing experiment to further diagnose and locate the potential problem of the cable system. This paper presents the experience of the present authors carrying out the cable test. Following a brief introduction to the experiment equipments and physical connections, the paper analyses the data collected from the testing, including PD pulse shape analysis, frequency spectrum analysis and phase resolved PD pattern analysis. Associated with PD propagation direction identification, PD source diagnosis and localisation was made. Four different types of sensors, which were adapted during the testing, are shown to have different frequency bandwidths and performed differently. Aider comparing the parameters of the sensor and the PD signals detected by individual sensor, optimal PD monitoring bandwidth for cable system is suggested.

轻罪案件附条件不起诉制度研究

《刑事诉讼法》的修改须与轻罪立法以及犯罪结构的调整相协调,立法者应构建轻罪案件附条件不起诉制度并充分发挥其诉前分流作用。附条件不起诉制度普遍适用于轻罪案件,有助于彰显犯罪嫌疑人的主体性,激励犯罪嫌疑人复归社会以及优化司法资源配置。立法者设计轻罪案件附条件不起诉制度时,应当参考未成年人附条件不起诉制度的已有经验。《刑事诉讼法》应厘清轻罪案件附条件不起诉制度的适用范围,并以适用于3年有期徒刑以下轻罪案件为原则。附加条件应兼具惩罚性与教育性的双重特征并遵循比例原则。行为人可能被判处拘役的,考验期限为1年以下,但不能少于6个月;行为人可能被判处管制的,考验期限为2年以下,但不能少于6个月;行为人可能被判处有期徒刑的,考验期限为3年以下,但不能少于1年。

论数字检察背景下协作式法律监督观

数字时代下,检察机关积极作为,主动推行“数字检察”改革,对法律监督进行数字化赋能。与传统法律监督相比,数字化的法律监督在监督范围、方式和规模上呈现出扩张倾向,这不仅带来潜在技术风险,还对原有的权力架构产生影响,具体表现为检察机关职权配置的内部隐忧、不同监督机关间的衔接难题以及检察机关与被监督机关的潜在冲突。面对这些问题,检察机关应从理念出发,树立协作式法律监督观。协作式法律监督观以协作共赢为监督目标,要求法律监督应奉行平等积极的监督态度,强调清晰统一的监督权责,重视沟通协作型监督方式,遵守技术性正当监督程序。协作式法律监督观以“条件论”作为理论起点,不仅有法律依据,也契合既有政策要求。检察机关应运用协作式法律监督观规范检察人员的行为,同时依托此理念推进检察机关内部职权优化,促进监督机关间衔接机制的构建,促成权力的新一轮定界与算法的有效治理。

关于《刑事诉讼法》第四次修改的几点思考

近日,刑事诉讼法的第四次修改提上日程。学界对本次修改整体上较为积极,也有部分观点对修改存有隐忧。从整体上看,启动第四次刑事诉讼法修改有其必要性和重要的时代价值,应当抓住此次难得时机,同时,也要对实践中重打击轻保护的氛围保持高度警惕,牢牢把握人权保障和正当程序的目标和方向。刑事诉讼法第四次修改应当将刑事诉讼法典实质化作为目标,采取大修的立法模式,立足当下,着眼长远,系统规划,分步实施,迈出刑事诉讼法典实质化的关键一步。刑事诉讼法修改也要设定改革的亮点,这些亮点可以包括但不限于:重塑刑事诉讼法的篇章体例、以技术主义路径推进以审判为中心和庭审实质化、因应轻罪时代扩大附条件不起诉的适用范围、探索构建律师无效辩护制度、重塑强制措施体系、构建相对独立的涉案财物处置程序、完善证据制度等。

程序出罪的内涵重塑与判断标准

随着犯罪治理多元化进程的加快,程序出罪的重要性日益凸显。如何在实体入罪的同时通过程序出罪实现犯罪治理多元化成为理论研究的重点课题。既有研究未能妥善解决程序出罪的概念共识问题,导致程序出罪的理论基础不清、适用范围不明、体系协调性不足。对此,应通过逐级分析“不入罪”与“出罪”,以及“实体出罪”与“程序出罪”的理念差异,凸显程序出罪的独立性。程序出罪的本质属性表现为因裁量性程序终止行为使行为人在法律意义上无罪。因存在犯罪阻却事由、法益恢复事由、证据不足、欠缺诉讼条件导致的法定性程序终止因不具有个案利益衡量特性,与程序出罪存在本质差异。在此基础上,应进一步明确程序出罪的判断标准,处理好不同属性利益之间的衡量问题,即制定不同出罪情节的叠加适用标准,以及出罪与入罪情节之间的冲突衡量标准。

认罪认罚从宽原则解释的差异化及其整合

认罪认罚从宽制度作为我国刑事诉讼改革的重要一环,自诞生以来便深刻地影响着我国以职权主义为中心的诉讼构造模式的发展。在当前司法实务中,更倾向于将认罪认罚从宽原则解释为一项涵盖刑事诉讼法和刑法中各种具体制度的司法制度,而非刑事诉讼法所明文规定的基本原则。公检法三机关对其的理解各执其言,侦查机关、检察机关、审判机关基本以自身角度出发对该原则作出具有自身特点的单一解释,使得应贯穿刑事诉讼全过程的认罪认罚从宽原则呈现出解释的阶段性脱节的状态。在各个诉讼阶段对认罪认罚从宽原则的认知偏差的形成原因在于我国阶段论的诉讼化的效应和模糊不清的刑诉权力结构的双重影响。为了打破对认罪认罚从宽原则阶段性解释的认知壁垒,应当优化现有诉讼程序、区分重点审查对象、促进量刑建议精准化,以此来打破阶段性解释所造成的司法实务中适用时的阶段性割裂的现状,将认罪认罚从宽原则的优势最大化,从而推动其良性发展。

论个人信息保护民事公益诉讼起诉主体的范围与顺位

自个人信息保护民事公益诉讼在我国开展以来,理论界与实务界就对该类诉讼的起诉主体存在较大争议,分歧主要集中在范围界定与诉权顺位两个方面。《个人信息保护法》第70条虽然对该类诉讼的起诉主体作了规定,但主体范围不明以及诉权顺位不清的问题仍未得到彻底解决。要正确实施该制度,应否定“履行个人信息保护职责的部门”的起诉资格,扩张“法律规定的消费者组织”的范围,明确“由国家网信部门确定的组织”的条件,并以《民事诉讼法》第58条及不同类型民事公益诉讼之间的关系为依据,厘清不同起诉主体的诉权顺位。当受侵害对象为普通公民时,应尊重检察机关民事公益诉权的补充性,将“国家网信部门确定的组织”的起诉顺位置于检察机关之前;当受侵害对象为众多消费者时,应考虑到受侵害对象的特殊身份,依次由“法律规定的消费者组织”“由网信部门确定的组织”和检察机关行使起诉权。

认罪认罚从宽制度下的辩护冲突

认罪认罚从宽制度下“检察主导模式”、“控审合作模式”、辩护律师职业伦理与被追诉人自身利益考量之间的矛盾,以及辩护律师与值班律师差别性法律帮助权是引发辩护冲突的主要原因。认罪认罚案件中辩护律师处理辩护冲突应当以辩护律师的忠诚义务为出发点,坚持有限的独立辩护原则,强化辩护律师的协商义务,并在特定情形下履行对法庭的真实义务。审查起诉阶段认罪认罚案件的辩护冲突要区分“认罪”协商与“认罚”协商之辩护冲突分别处理,并确立审查起诉阶段控辩争议问题待处理的程序机制。审判阶段认罪认罚案件的辩护冲突要区分“定性”与“定量”存在争议的案件分别处理,并构建审判阶段辩方否定认罪认罚的程序规则。