Oncomodulin在成年C57/BL6小鼠脑内的表达与性别差异研究

目的观察癌钙调蛋白(oncomodulin,OCM)在成年小鼠脑内的分布情况以及性别之间的差异。方法取正常成年雄性和雌性小鼠脑组织,使用硫酸镍铵增强显色的免疫组织化学方法进行检测。结果 OCM免疫阳性产物广泛表达于成年雌性和雄性小鼠脑内,嗅球、大脑皮质、海马、下丘脑和小脑有高水平表达;中等水平的表达出现在端脑、间脑的大部分核团;较低水平表达见于黑质和苍白球外侧核。另外,OCM在雌、雄小鼠脑组织内表达具有性别差异,在部分脑区表现为雄性高于雌性,而在另一些脑区则相反。结论 OCM蛋白在成年小鼠脑组织中广泛表达,可能参与了脑功能的调节,而且在雌雄小鼠的同一核团OCM的功能可能存在差异。

SPERMIDINE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY IN MONITOR OF PRECANCEROUS LESIONS OF ESOPHAGUS

Serum spermidine was assayed by radioimmuno-assay in different stages of esophageal carcinogenesis in the population from high risk area of esophageal cancer, Linxian County. The serum spermidine values were 76.94+74.38 ng ml in 36 normal individuals; 115.71+113.45 ng/ml in 35 patients with marked epithelial hyperplasia (MEH) and 294.48+135.36 ng/ml in 31 patients with early esophageal cancer. Patients with MEH were given intervention treatment by Aminoretinoic Ester or Anticancer B or placebo (starch) as controls. One year later, samples from the population were collected again for serum spermidine msasurement. The values were 95.8+ 68.2 ng/ml in 27 normals; 125.1±72.9 ng/ml in 62 patients with MEH treated by Anticancer B; 125.6± 117.2 ng/ml in 64 patients with MEH treated by Aminoretinoic Ester; 162.4±76.6 ng/ml in 62 controls and 210.5±182.9 ng/ml in 44 patients with early esophageal cancer.The results showed that spermidine radioim-munoassay could reflect the tendency of esophageal precancerous changes toward cancer or back to normal. They can be taken as a mid-way monitor indicator for tumor-blocking drugs. Also, it could be of value in the early diagnosis of esophageal cancer.

Oncomodulin and macrophages derived factors in pancreas injury and development paradigms

Prior studies in the optic nerve injury paradigm showed con?icting data regarding production and signi?cance of the Ca2+-binding protein oncomodulin (OCM). Some have shown its potentaxon-regenerative or-growth attribute, where other showed little to no effect. We show here that pancreas inflammation lead to macrophages infiltration that produce OCM and inflamed tissues that express OCM receptorsin vivo. In culture OCM has a cytostatic effect on embryonic pancreas explants. Secretory products of zymosan activated macrophages are cytotoxic and factors derived from non-activated macrophages seem to promote pancreas development. It is our view that OCM is involved in protective injury response that allows through metabolism slowing sublethally injured cells to undergo recovery.

THE MODIFIED RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF SERUM INHIBIN AND ITS VALUE IN MONITORING OVARIAN TUMOR

Objectives and Methods: A modified radioimmunoassay (RIA) of serum inhibin (INH) was developed and applied to measure serum INH contents in 39 fertile and 16 postmenopausal women. Thirty-three cases of ovarian tumors, including granulosa cell tumors and other kinds of ovarian tumors, were monitored by serum INH RIA. Results: The mean value of serum INH contents in follicular, peri-ovulatory and mid-luteal phases of fertile women were 9.48±7.10 pg/ml (2.04～18.53pg/ml), 19.04±9.73 pg/ml (3.49～33.26 pg/ml) and 131.13±110.81 pg/ml (3.49～ 341.10 pg/ml), respectively. Serum INH concentration was negatively correlated with serum FSH concentration, (rs=?0.483,P<0.01). Serum IHN contents were less than 3.6 pg/ml in normal postmenopausal women. The mean value of serum INH contents in ovarian granulosa cell tumor, thecoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and malignant teratoma cases were significantly higher than that of other ovarian tumors, (P<0.01). Serum INH contents were elevated in ovarian granulosa cell tumor, thecoma, mucinous cystadenocaricinoma and endometrioid carcinoma cases with serum CA-125 values in normal range before operation, but serum INH contents decreased to normal range within one week after operation. And consecutive serum INH RIA could be a valuable tool in monitoring for therapeutic effect. Conclusion: Modified INH RIA was of convenient, time-saving and quantitative characteristics, especially with its high sensitivity (<1 pg/ml). There was a regular change of serum INH concentrations during menstrual cycle. INH could inhibit the synthesis and secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). INH would become a valuable marker for ovarian tumor. INH RIA combined with the measurement of serum CA-125 would be helpful to the early diagnosis, treatment and follow-up for ovarian cancer.

A Study on Competitive Nylon Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay for Determination of α-fetal Protein

A method of nylon solid phase radioimmunoassay(SPR)was developed andused in the determination of α-fetal protein(AFP).Nylon grains were activated and con-jugated with IgG to form a solid phase IgG.The activity of solid phase IgG was stableand it can be maintained for near 3 years at 4℃.At room temperature the activity didnot obviously change in 13.7 months.The method is simpler and more convenient thanliquid phase radioimmunoassay(LPR).The reactive error relation(RER)of this methodwas 0.01 and the precision curve was perfect.Sixty seven samples were measured withboth the solid phase method and double antibody-PEG(polyethylene glycol).Results ofthe two methods were not significant in difference(P】0.05).The correlation coefficientof the two methods was 0.97(P【0.01).It was proved that nylon was a very good solidphase carrier for SPR.

A solid phase radioimmunoassay for free triiodothyronine in serum:assay development and validation

A solid phase radioimmunoassay for free triiodothyronine in serum was developed based on double-antibody coated tubes. The method was turned out to be reliable with good reproducibility, higher sensitivity and easy performance. The measurable range of FT3 in serum was 1.2 to 38 pmol/L. The mean coefficients of variation within and between assays were 1.79%-3.18% and 4.72%-9.31%, respectively. The FT3 concentrations in euthyroid serum as determined by this method were 2.8 to 7.8pmol/L. The FT3 values determined by this new method correlated well with those measured by a commercial radioimmunoassay （r=0.853）.

IN VITRO CELL CULTURE AND HORMONE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF HUMAN PITUITARY ADENOMAS

Tissues from 30 human pituitary adenomas are monolayer-cell-cultured in vitro.Hormone secretion of GH, PRL, TSH, LH and FSH by cells into medium is detected by radioimmunoassay. The pattern and amount of hormone(s) in the medium are used to determine the nature of the cells and thus to establish functional classification of pituitary adenomas. The results show that cell culture technique provides an easy and suitable mode for investigating the nature of pituitary adenomas. Hormone radioimmunoassay of culture medium is precise and reliable and represents the whole adenoma tissue. Further studies can lead to clearer understandings of the pathology of pituitary adenomas.

Can a radioimmunoassay kit be developed for accurate detection of the S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2?

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)at the end of 2019 spread worldwide within only a few months.The screening and timely isolation of infected individuals have been regarded as an effective means of epidemic prevention and control.Therefore,effective screening of infected individuals plays a vital role in epidemic prevention and control.At present,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT–PCR)is the main method for the in vitro detection of SARS-CoV-2.However,RT–PCR requires certified laboratories,expensive equipment,and trained technicians.Therefore,it is necessary to develop simpler and more convenient methods.Some studies have shown that the PepKAA peptide has a high affinity for the S protein of SARS-CoV-2.The tyrosine in PepKAA is labeled with 125I and used to design a radioimmunoassay kit for the detection of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2,which is of great significance for the early diagnosis of COVID-19.

Radioimmunoassay of Antiarrhythmic Peptide and Its application

To establish a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for antiarrhythmic peptide (AAP) and study serum AAP levels in normal Sprague-Dawley rats (NR) and spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR), AAP-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate was prepared by ammonium bicarbonate method. The New Zealand rabbits were immunized by administering intradermally the conjugate. Then the rabbit anti-AAP serum was produced and iodinated AAP was made by Bolton-Hunter method. The RIA for serum AAP was set up and serum AAP levels in NR and SHR were determined. The minimal detectable range of the AAP RIA was (0.45±0.06) μg/L. The affinity constant for antiserum was 1.05×10 9 L/mol, and the rate of cross-reactivity with atrial peptide (AP) and human growth hormone (hGH) were 0.12 % and 0.20 %, respectively. The mean recovery rate of high, medium and low doses was 97.6 %, and the mean coefficients of variation for intra- and interbath-assay were (6.43±0.85) % and (9.62±1.04) %, respectively. The mean levels of AAP in NR with different age (3 months, 8-10 months and 18-20 months) were (1.75±0.13) μg/L, (1.74±0.11) μg/L and (1.79±0.15) μg/L, respectively, while those in SHR with different age (3 months, 8-10 months and 18-20 months) were (2.38±0.35) μg/L, (2.54±0.25) μg/L and (2.83±0.21) μg/L, respectively. The levels of serum AAP showed a positive correlation with blood pressure (r=0.8667, P<0.05). It was indicated that this AAP RIA had high specificity, high accuracy and good reproducibility. The levels of serum AAP had a close relation with blood pressure.

Validation of a radioimmunoassay-based fecal corticosteroid assay for Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii and behavioural correlates of stress

We validated a radioimmunoassay-based method quantifying fecal glucocorticoid metabolites （FGMs） from captive male and female Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii. Blood samples were drawn to explore the correlation between plasma cortisol and FGM concentrations. We also injected groups of squirrels with normal saline （CTL; control）, adre- nocorticotropic hormone （ACTH; stimulating adrenal activity）, or dexamethasone （DEX; suppressing adrenal activity）. Potential correlations between stress and behaviour were explored through quantification of fecal pellet production and the intervention necessary to elicit defecation, as well as the behaviour of subjects in the context of handling. Changes in plasma cortisol concen- tration between capture （baseline）, and following handling （stress-induced） were also quantified for free-living squirrels. While glucocorticoid concentrations recovered from feces during our captive-animal study were not well correlated with plasma eortisol concentrations, and uncorrelated with defecation or behaviour, FGM concentrations did reflect the activation of the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis. FGM concentrations increased significantly during initial captivity, but declined to baseline level as individuals acclimated to the novel environment. Injection of subjects with ACTH increased FGMs above baseline, confirming activation of the HPA axis. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased significantly with induced stress, indicating that capture and handling activated the glucocorticoid stress response even among previously handled, free-living subjects. Our findings validate a non-invasive tool that will afford new insight into the physiological processes underlying social, reproductive and antipredator behaviour of Richardson＇s ground squirrels [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 591-601, 2014 ].

Radioimmunoassay of pepsinogens I and II in human serum

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比较放射免疫法与化学发光免疫分析法对甲状腺疾病的临床诊断效果

目的对比放射免疫法与化学发光免疫分析法对甲状腺疾病的临床诊断效果。方法简单随机选取2021年1月—2023年1月东台市中医院收治的50例甲状腺疾病患者纳入研究组,选取同期50例健康体检者纳入对照组。两组均实施放射免疫法、化学发光免疫分析法检测甲状腺球蛋白水平,比较不同检测方法对该疾病的诊断效果以及不同甲状腺疾病诊断符合率。结果化学发光免疫分析法诊断特异度(98.00%vs 84.00%)、灵敏度(98.00%vs 86.00%)、准确度(98.00%vs 85.00%)均高于放射免疫分析法,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。化学发光免疫分析法检测对甲状腺功能亢进、甲状腺炎诊断符合率高于放射免疫分析法,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两种检查方法对甲状腺肿瘤诊断符合率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在甲状腺疾病诊断中,化学发光免疫分析法更具优势。

甲状腺肿瘤患者生化免疫检验中应用化学发光免疫测定技术的临床效果评价

目的探讨甲状腺肿瘤患者行化学发光免疫测定的临床价值。方法目的选取扬州洪泉医院2023年1-12月收治的90例疑似甲状腺肿瘤患者为研究对象,均采用放射免疫测定(radioimmunoassay,RIA)、化学发光免疫测定(chemiluminescence immunoassay,CLIA)技术进行生化免疫检验,以手术病理结果为金标准,比较其诊断效能。结果90例疑似甲状腺肿瘤经病理证实阳性78例,阴性12例。CLIA诊断灵敏度96.15%(75/78)、特异度91.67%(11/12)及准确率95.56%(86/90)均高于RIA的87.18%(68/78)、41.67%(5/12)、81.11%(73/90),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.112、6.750、9.111,P均<0.05)。结论甲状腺肿瘤诊断中采取CLIA实施生化免疫检验可取得较高的灵敏度,能够为临床诊断提供重要依据。

免疫测定法检测农药残留的研究进展

农药除被作物靶向部位吸收外,剩余部分的农药富集、渗透到土壤或空气中。因此,利用可靠、准确且有效的检测技术来监控农药残留尤为重要。该文综述检测不同种类农药残留的免疫分析方法,包括酶联免疫吸附分析法、荧光免疫分析法、化学发光免疫分析法、免疫层析法和放射免疫分析法,对上述技术的基本原理和用途进行讨论和对比,并阐述不同种类农药免疫测定技术的发展潜力与趋势。

内皮素的放射免疫分析

介绍了一种内皮素的放射免疫分析。采用Iodogen方法标记^(125)I-ET,经高压液相纯化分离后,比放射性为1750Ci/mmol。其测定范围是0.25～1000pg/管,灵敏度为0.17pg/管。采用Sep-pakC_(18)层析柱提取人血浆中的内皮素,测得正常人含量为2.81±0.60pg/ml。尿毒症,心肌梗塞患者内皮素含量则明显升高。

胃癌患者全胃切除后血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ含量变化与胃癌复发的关系

目的：研究胃癌患者全胃切除手术后血清胃蛋白酶原 Ⅰ（Ｐｅｐｓｉｎｏｇｅｎ ＰＧＩ）、胃蛋白酶原 Ｒ（ＰＧ Ⅱ）含量的变化与胃癌复发的关系，探讨血清 ＰＧＩ、ＰＧ Ⅱ作为胃癌复发标志物的可能性。方法：运用放射免疫分析方法测定了１９０例正常人，１０３例胃癌手术前病人，３３例胃部分切除病人，１８例全胃切除病人，２３例全胃切除后随访病人的血清 ＰＧⅠ、ＰＧ Ⅱ的含量，并进行统计学分析。结果：与正常对照组相比，胃癌患者手术前血清 ＰＧＩ水平较低，胃癌手术后血清 ＰＧＩ、ＰＧ Ⅱ含量均明显下降，下降程度与手术方式有关，胃部分切除病人血清 ＰＧⅠ、ＰＧ Ⅱ仍保持一定水平，而全胃切除病人血清 ＰＧⅠ、ＰＧ Ⅱ含量则降至很低水平。全胃切除手术后胃癌复发患者血清 ＰＧⅠ、ＰＧ Ⅱ水平明显高于未复发患者。以ＰＧⅠ＞２２ μｇ／Ｌ，ＰＧ Ⅱ＞９ μｇ／以（ｘ+2ｓ）为临界值，１７名复发病人中有１３例结果为阳性（阳性率 ７６． ５％）。结论：胃癌患者全胃切除后血清 ＰＧⅠ、ＰＧ Ⅱ含量作为随访指标，可为胃癌复发提供重要线索。

血浆叶酸两种常用检测方法检测结果的比较

目的 :比较目前常用的两种叶酸检测方法 (微生物改良法和核素放射免疫法 )的检测结果 ,寻找两者间的相互关系或规律。方法 :对 88例血浆标本分别进行微生物改良法和核素放射免疫法检测 ,通过曲线拟合 ,得到回归方程 ;利用回归方程对采自我国南北方部分地区 2 4 2 2例成年人血浆标本的微生物改良法检测结果进行换算 ,比较两种方法得到的血浆叶酸营养状况在地区、季节和性别的分布特征 ,及其与饮酒、吸烟、体质指数以及高同型半胱氨酸血症危险性关系。结果 :核素放射免疫法与微生物改良法的检测结果之间呈线性相关 ,相关系数r =0 .879(P =0 .0 0 0 ) ,回归方程为Y =0 .6 83X +0 .30 8(其中X ,Y分别为微生物法和放免法检测值的自然对数值 ) ;两种方法得到的血浆叶酸营养状况在地区、季节和性别的分布特征 ,及其与饮酒、吸烟、体质指数以及高同型半胱氨酸血症危险性关系相同 ;微生物法检测血浆叶酸水平明显高于放射免疫法。换算后的放射免疫法数据显示 ,我国 1 9.9%南方人群和 6 7.1 %北方人群血浆叶酸低于 6 .8nmol/L。结论 :微生物改良法与核素放射免疫法检测结果之间有较好的相关性 ;但对评价人群叶酸营养水平而言 ,两种方法检测结果之间差异较大。建议将微生物改良法血浆叶酸缺乏判定标准定为 1 0 .

乌头碱对大鼠下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素含量的影响

在建立促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（ＣＲＨ）放射免疫分析法的基础上，观察温补肾阳代表药物附子的重要有效成分乌头碱对正常大鼠下丘脑ＣＲＨ含量的影响。结果表明：正常大鼠在腹腔注射乌头碱（１μｇ／ｋｇ，３μｇ／ｋｇ，１０μｇ／ｋｇ）７天后，下丘脑ＣＲＨ含量呈剂量依赖性增高，免疫组化法亦见：下丘脑室旁核ＣＲＨ神经细胞及正中隆起神经纤维较对照组明显增多增深。提示温补肾阳药物改善下丘脑－垂体－肾上腺轴的可能机理之一是通过兴奋下丘脑ＣＲＨ神经细胞。

玉米花粉多糖对人胸腔巨噬细胞的激活作用

目的 :探讨玉米花粉多糖对胸腔巨噬细胞的激活作用。方法 :用 0 312、0 6 2 5、1 2 5 0、2 5 0 0、5 0 0 0mg/mL的玉米花粉多糖体外诱导培养人胸腔巨噬细胞 2 4h、48h ,用全自动生化分析仪测定胸腔巨噬细胞内乳酸脱氢酶与酸性磷酸酶活性 ,用放射免疫分析法测定胸腔巨噬细胞内肿瘤坏死因子 -α与白细胞介素 - 6的含量。结果 :玉米花粉多糖能明显上调人胸腔巨噬细胞内乳酸脱氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性 ,并能显著诱导人胸腔巨噬细胞表达肿瘤坏死因子 -α和白细胞介素 - 6 ;而且 ,诱导表达作用与玉米花粉多糖的浓度和诱导培养的时间有关。结论

胰岛素样生长因子-1的放射免疫测定方法的建立

胰岛素样生长因子－１（ＩＧＦ－１）分别与两种载体蛋白——牛血清白蛋白（ＢＳＡ）和卵清蛋白（ＯＡ）用戊二醛连接，经紫外分光光度仪扫描确定偶联成功。以ＩＧＦ－１－ＢＳＡ作为免疫原，皮内多点注射免疫青紫兰兔，制备ＩＧＦ－１抗体，经ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定，血清效价为１∶２０００，放免工作浓度为１∶１５０００。采用氯胺－Ｔ标记ＩＧＦ－１，用酸醇抽提法处理样品，去除ＩＧＦ－１结合蛋白。所建立的ＩＧＦ－１放免标准曲线，其最小检测量为０．０６ｎｇ／ｍＬ，批内误差为４．８％，批间误差为８．２％（ｎ＝１０）。