Oncorhynchus mykiss is delicious and contains abundant flavor substances.However,few studies focused on umami peptides of O.mykiss.In the current work,umami peptides derived from O.mykiss were identified using virtual...Oncorhynchus mykiss is delicious and contains abundant flavor substances.However,few studies focused on umami peptides of O.mykiss.In the current work,umami peptides derived from O.mykiss were identified using virtual screening,molecular docking,and electronic tongue analysis.First,the O.mykiss protein was hydrolyzed using the PeptideCutter online enzymolysis program.Subsequently,water-soluble and toxicity screening were performed by Innovagen and ToxinPred software,respectively.The potential peptides were docked with umami receptor T1R1/T1R3.Furthermore,taste properties of potential peptides were validated by electronic tongue.Docking results suggested that the three tetrapeptide EANK,EEAK,and EMQK could enter the binding pocket in the T1R1 cavity,wherein Arg151,Asp147,Gln52,and Arg277 may play key roles in the production of umami taste.Electronic tongue results showed that the umami value of EANK,EEAK,and EMQK were stronger than monosodium glutamate.This work provides a new insight for the screening of umami peptides in O.mykiss.展开更多
Hydrogen sulfide(H2S)is considered as a protective factor against cardiovascular disorders.However,there are few reports on the effects of H2S in the central nervous system during stress or injury.Previous studies on ...Hydrogen sulfide(H2S)is considered as a protective factor against cardiovascular disorders.However,there are few reports on the effects of H2S in the central nervous system during stress or injury.Previous studies on goldfish have shown that astrocytic response occurs in the damaged and contralateral optic nerves.Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)concentration in the optic nerves of rainbow trout has not been measured previously.This study further characterized the astrocytic response in the optic nerve and the brain of a rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)after unilateral eye injury and estimated the amount of H2S-producing enzyme cystathionineβ-synthase(CBS)in the brain of the rainbow trout.Within 1 week after unilateral eye injury,a protein band corresponding to a molecular weight of 50 kDa was identified in the ipsi-and contralateral optic nerves of the rainbow trout.The concentration of GFAP in the injured optic nerve increased compared to the protein concentration on the contralateral side.The results of a quantitative analysis of GFAP+cell distribution in the contralateral optic nerve showed the largest number of GFAP+cells and fibers in the optic nerve head.In the damaged optic nerve,patterns of GFAP+cell migration and large GFAP+bipolar activated astrocytes were detected at 1 week after unilateral eye injury.The study of H2S-producing system after unilateral eye injury in the rainbow trout was conducted using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,western blot analysis,and immunohistochemistry of polyclonal antibodies again st CBS in the integrative centers of the brain:telencephalon,optic tectum,and cerebellum.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed a 1.7-fold increase in CBS expression in the rainbow trout brain at 1 week after unilateral eye injury compared with that in intact animals.In the ventricular and subventricular regions of the rainbow trout telencephalon,CBS+radial glia and neuroepithelial cells were identified.After unilateral eye injury,the number of CBS+neuroepithelial cells in the pallial and subpallial periventricular regions of the telencephalon increased.In the optic tectum,unilateral eye injury led to an increase in CBS expression in radial glial cells;simultaneously,the number of CBS+neuroepithelial cells decreased in intact animals.In the cerebellum of the rainbow trout,neuroglial interrelationships were revealed,where H2S was released,apparently,from astrocyte-like cells.The organization of H2S-producing cell complexes suggests that,the amount of glutamate produced in the rainbow trout cerebellum and its reuptake was controlled by astrocyte-like cells,reducing its excitotoxicity.In the dorsal matrix zone and granular eminences of the rainbow trout cerebellum,CBS was expressed in neuroepithelial cells.After unilateral eye injury,the level of CBS activity increased in all parts of the cerebellum.An increase in the number of H2S-producing cells was a response to oxidative stress after unilateral eye injury,and the overproduction of H2S in the cerebellum occurred to neutralize reactive oxygen species,providing the cells of the rainbow trout cerebellum with a protective effect.A structural reorganization in the dorsal matrix zone,associated with the appearance of an additional CBS+apical zone,and a decrease in the enzyme activity in the dorsal matrix zone,was revealed in the zones of constitutive neurogenesis.All experiments were approved by the Commission on Biomedical Ethics,A.V.Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology(NSCMB),Far Eastern Branch,Russian Academy of Science(FEB RAS)(approval No.1)on July 31,2019.展开更多
[ Objective] The study aimed to discuss the effects of ferrous fumarate on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and content of trace element of Oncorhynchus mykiss. [ Method ] Juvenile rainbow trout with a...[ Objective] The study aimed to discuss the effects of ferrous fumarate on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and content of trace element of Oncorhynchus mykiss. [ Method ] Juvenile rainbow trout with an initial weight of （89.2 ±0.2） g were fed with the basal fodder supplemented with different levels of ferrous fumarate （0, 20, 40, 80,160 and 480 mg/kg iron） for 60 d, and the six groups were named DO, D20, D40, D80, D160 and D480, wherein DO was as the control group, actually containing 62.60, 79.50, 99.60, 139.30, 215.20 and 538.40 mg/kg iron respectively. [ Result] The growth performance of juvenile rainbow trout was not affected by different dietary iron levels obviously （ P 〉 0.05）. With the increase of dietary iron level, hemoglobin （Hb） content and number of red blood cells（RBC） rose firstly and then leveled off. No significance was found in hematocrit （Hct） among the six groups （P 〉0.05）. Iron content in the whole body, vertebrae and muscle increased significantly with the improvement of dietary iron level（ P 〈0.05）, and iron concentration in the liver increased firstly and then leveled off in groups from D40 to D480. No significant difference in zinc content of the whole body was found among the six groups （ P〉0.05）, while zinc content in the vertebrae and muscle in control group was significantly higher than that of other groups （ P〈0.05）, and zinc concentration in the liver in groups DO and 1320 was significantly higher than that of other groups （ P 〈0.05）. Copper content in the whole body increased significantly with the increase of dietary iron level （P 〈 0.05 ）, while no significant difference was observed in the vertebrae （ P 〉0.05）, and copper concentration in the muscle in control group was significantly lower than that of other groups （ P 〈0.05）. Serum lysozyme （LZM） activity of group DO was significantly lower than that of other groups （ P 〈 0.05） except for group D480 （ P 〉 0.05）. Catalase （CAT） activity of serum enhanced significantly （ P 〈 0.05） from DO to EH0 and then decreased obviously （P 〈0.05）. [ Conclusion] Based on hemoglobin and iron content in the liver, the broken-line model analysis showed that the dietary iron level provided by ferrous fumarate for juvenile rainbow trout was estimated to be 99.8 and 100.4 mg/kg respectively in the experiment.展开更多
In this study,the combined effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis(BS,107 g/cfu)and different levels(0.025%,0.050%,0.075%and 0.150%)of trans-cinnamic acid(CA)on fish growth performance,whole body compositions,digestive e...In this study,the combined effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis(BS,107 g/cfu)and different levels(0.025%,0.050%,0.075%and 0.150%)of trans-cinnamic acid(CA)on fish growth performance,whole body compositions,digestive enzymes,intestinal bacteria and internal organ index of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)were investigated.Six different experimental groups including control group(C),C+BS,0.025%CA+BS,0.050%CA+BS,0.075CA+BS,0.150%CA+BS)were established.According to the results obtained,growth performance,whole body compositions and digestive pH were not statistically significant among groups.Further,no significant differences were found between experimental groups in terms of the intestinal enzymes(trypsin,alkaline phosphatase and lipase)and gastric pepsin.Significantly higher levels of intestinal amylase were found in the control+BS,0.025%CA+BS,0.050%CA+BS,and 0.075%CA+BS compared to the control and 0.150%CA+BS groups.Moreover,coliform and Enterobacteriaceae counts were highest in the control+B.subtilis and lowest in the 0.150%CA+B.subtilis groups.展开更多
The growth performance of a selected F1 rainbow trout genetically characterized as polymorphic with locus Omy207UoG (NA = 13, PIC = 0.891, HE = 0.9003) was evaluated in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). A set ...The growth performance of a selected F1 rainbow trout genetically characterized as polymorphic with locus Omy207UoG (NA = 13, PIC = 0.891, HE = 0.9003) was evaluated in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). A set of 157 rainbow trout of 37.8 g of mean body weight and 14.6 cm mean total length per tank, were introduced in each of six fish tank of 5 m3 connected to a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The trout was rearing during 317 days. Growth performance indicators and water quality were evaluated during the experiment. The genetically selected F1 rainbow trout showed a tendency towards homogeneity in growth performance along the culture period, reaching a mean total weight of 552.2 g. The length-weight relationship indicated an isometric growth (>3.0). This study presents the basis to establish a long-term marker-assisted selection program for rainbow trout culture in a subtropical region.展开更多
The present study investigated the effects of phytoadditive carvacrol on growth performance, feed utilization, hematological, non-specific immune and serum biochemical parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)...The present study investigated the effects of phytoadditive carvacrol on growth performance, feed utilization, hematological, non-specific immune and serum biochemical parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In trial, 240 rainbow trout which had average weight of 10.79 ± 0.57 was used. Fish were divided into four groups before being fed for 60 days with 0, 1 (C1), 3 (C3) or 5 (C5) g/kg of carvacrol. There were no particular differences in the growth performance, feed utilization, whole body composition, hematological parameters between the experimental group and the control group. However, as compared to control group, a significant increase of serum lysozyme activity was seen in groups receiving feed containing C3 and C5 groups after 30 days. The myeloperoxidase activity in groups (C1 and C3) was significantly higher on the 30th day of sampling. Myeloperoxidase activity of C5 treated group was significantly higher on the 60th day in comparison with the control group. Serum glucose levels significantly decreased on 60th day for C1, C3 and C5 treated groups. The serum total protein, globulin and triglyceride levels of C3 treated groups was significantly higher on the 60th day in comparison with the control and other carvacrol treated groups. The level of serum cholesterol in C5 treated groups was significantly lower on the 30th day in comparison with the control and other carvacrol treated groups. The results of the present study indicated that dietary supplementation of 3 g/kg of carvacrol in commercial diets could improve some non-specific and biochemical status in rainbow trout.展开更多
The eye,as a specialized visual organ,is directly exposed to the external environment,and,therefore,it faces constant chal-lenges from external pathogenic organisms and toxins.In the ocular mucosa(OM)of mammals,mucosa...The eye,as a specialized visual organ,is directly exposed to the external environment,and,therefore,it faces constant chal-lenges from external pathogenic organisms and toxins.In the ocular mucosa(OM)of mammals,mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues(MALTs)constitute the primary line of defense.However,the immune defense role of the OM remains unknown in aquatic vertebrates.To gain insights into the immune processes within the OM of teleost fish,we developed an infection model of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)OM using a parasite,Ichthyophthirius multifiliis(Ich).Immunofluorescence,qPCR,and H&E staining revealed that Ich successfully infiltrates the OM of rainbow trout,leading to pathological struc-tural changes,as evidenced by A&B staining.Importantly,the qPCR results indicate an up-regulation of immune-related genes following Ich infection in the OM.Moreover,transcriptome analyses were conducted to detect immune responses and impairments in eye function within the OM of rainbow trout with Ich infection.The results of the transcriptome analysis that Ich infection can cause an extensive immune response in the OM,ultimately affecting ocular function.To the best of our knowledge,our findings represent for the first time that the teleost OM could act as an invasion site for parasites and trigger a strong mucosal immune response to parasitic infection.展开更多
The consumption of freshwater fish and fish products has gradually grown worldwide over the last decades, generating a proportional waste increase. The objective of the present study was to assess the chemical and bac...The consumption of freshwater fish and fish products has gradually grown worldwide over the last decades, generating a proportional waste increase. The objective of the present study was to assess the chemical and bacteriological quality of restructured fish product, meatball-type, prepared with rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) waste added of 1% transglutaminase (MTG), 4% textured soy protein (TSP) and replacing part of the sodium chloride with potassium chloride (75%/25%) as described below: T1—starch addition (control);T2—MTG addition (1%);T3—soy protein addition (4%);T4—soy protein addition (4%) and MTG addition (1%);T5—soy protein addition (4%), MTG addition (1%) and partial replacement of salt (75% NaCl/25% KCl). Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), pH determination and quantification of biogenic amines were performed on the day after manufacturing (P0) and after 60 days of storage (P1) at -25℃?± 2℃. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) of microbiological quality, TBARS and pH after storage. T4 presented the lowest total biogenic amine content (256.84 mg/kg) whereas T3 and T5 had the highest value (791.36 and 707.19 mg/kg, respectively) in this parameter. Putrescine was the biogenic amine that presented the highest concentration (504.00 mg/kg) in T3 and cadaverine that presented the smallest concentration (0.36 mg/kg) in T4. The use of technological strategies for developing new products with non-commercial fillets kept the most standards, having changes only in some biogenic amines.展开更多
A novel sutureless surgical technique has been successfully used to implant acoustic transmitters in relatively large rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with a tag-to-body-ratio of 0.88%. This study examined the same t...A novel sutureless surgical technique has been successfully used to implant acoustic transmitters in relatively large rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with a tag-to-body-ratio of 0.88%. This study examined the same technique in smaller rainbow trout in two, 12-week trials comparing both sutured and sutureless surgical techniques. In the first trial using a tag-to-body-ratio of 1.9% ± 0.04%, tag retention was only 16.6% in fish without sutures, which was significantly lower than the 83.3% retention with sutured incisions. Similarly, in the second trial with a tag-to-body-ratio of 3.2% ± 0.03%, tag retention was 55.5% without sutures, which was significantly lower than the 90.0% retention using sutures. Mortality was not significantly different between treatments in either trial. The results of this study indicate that sutures must be used during surgeries to implant acoustic transmitters in relatively smaller fish with tag-to-body-ratios at or above 1.9%.展开更多
基金supported by The National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFD0901702)
文摘Oncorhynchus mykiss is delicious and contains abundant flavor substances.However,few studies focused on umami peptides of O.mykiss.In the current work,umami peptides derived from O.mykiss were identified using virtual screening,molecular docking,and electronic tongue analysis.First,the O.mykiss protein was hydrolyzed using the PeptideCutter online enzymolysis program.Subsequently,water-soluble and toxicity screening were performed by Innovagen and ToxinPred software,respectively.The potential peptides were docked with umami receptor T1R1/T1R3.Furthermore,taste properties of potential peptides were validated by electronic tongue.Docking results suggested that the three tetrapeptide EANK,EEAK,and EMQK could enter the binding pocket in the T1R1 cavity,wherein Arg151,Asp147,Gln52,and Arg277 may play key roles in the production of umami taste.Electronic tongue results showed that the umami value of EANK,EEAK,and EMQK were stronger than monosodium glutamate.This work provides a new insight for the screening of umami peptides in O.mykiss.
基金supported by a grant from the President of the Russian Federation(No.MD-4318.2015.4 to EVP)a grant from the Program for Basic Research of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 2015–2017(No.15-I-6-116,section III to EVP,AAV and DKO)
文摘Hydrogen sulfide(H2S)is considered as a protective factor against cardiovascular disorders.However,there are few reports on the effects of H2S in the central nervous system during stress or injury.Previous studies on goldfish have shown that astrocytic response occurs in the damaged and contralateral optic nerves.Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)concentration in the optic nerves of rainbow trout has not been measured previously.This study further characterized the astrocytic response in the optic nerve and the brain of a rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)after unilateral eye injury and estimated the amount of H2S-producing enzyme cystathionineβ-synthase(CBS)in the brain of the rainbow trout.Within 1 week after unilateral eye injury,a protein band corresponding to a molecular weight of 50 kDa was identified in the ipsi-and contralateral optic nerves of the rainbow trout.The concentration of GFAP in the injured optic nerve increased compared to the protein concentration on the contralateral side.The results of a quantitative analysis of GFAP+cell distribution in the contralateral optic nerve showed the largest number of GFAP+cells and fibers in the optic nerve head.In the damaged optic nerve,patterns of GFAP+cell migration and large GFAP+bipolar activated astrocytes were detected at 1 week after unilateral eye injury.The study of H2S-producing system after unilateral eye injury in the rainbow trout was conducted using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,western blot analysis,and immunohistochemistry of polyclonal antibodies again st CBS in the integrative centers of the brain:telencephalon,optic tectum,and cerebellum.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed a 1.7-fold increase in CBS expression in the rainbow trout brain at 1 week after unilateral eye injury compared with that in intact animals.In the ventricular and subventricular regions of the rainbow trout telencephalon,CBS+radial glia and neuroepithelial cells were identified.After unilateral eye injury,the number of CBS+neuroepithelial cells in the pallial and subpallial periventricular regions of the telencephalon increased.In the optic tectum,unilateral eye injury led to an increase in CBS expression in radial glial cells;simultaneously,the number of CBS+neuroepithelial cells decreased in intact animals.In the cerebellum of the rainbow trout,neuroglial interrelationships were revealed,where H2S was released,apparently,from astrocyte-like cells.The organization of H2S-producing cell complexes suggests that,the amount of glutamate produced in the rainbow trout cerebellum and its reuptake was controlled by astrocyte-like cells,reducing its excitotoxicity.In the dorsal matrix zone and granular eminences of the rainbow trout cerebellum,CBS was expressed in neuroepithelial cells.After unilateral eye injury,the level of CBS activity increased in all parts of the cerebellum.An increase in the number of H2S-producing cells was a response to oxidative stress after unilateral eye injury,and the overproduction of H2S in the cerebellum occurred to neutralize reactive oxygen species,providing the cells of the rainbow trout cerebellum with a protective effect.A structural reorganization in the dorsal matrix zone,associated with the appearance of an additional CBS+apical zone,and a decrease in the enzyme activity in the dorsal matrix zone,was revealed in the zones of constitutive neurogenesis.All experiments were approved by the Commission on Biomedical Ethics,A.V.Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology(NSCMB),Far Eastern Branch,Russian Academy of Science(FEB RAS)(approval No.1)on July 31,2019.
基金funded by Technical System of Modern Agricultural Industry (nycytx-50 )Agriculture Transfer Fund of Ministry of Science and Technology (03EFN213700155)+1 种基金Scientific and Technological Development Plan Project of Shandong Province (2010-2013)Taishan Scholar Post Fund about Aquatic Animal Nutrient and Feed of Shandong Province(HY201004)
文摘[ Objective] The study aimed to discuss the effects of ferrous fumarate on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and content of trace element of Oncorhynchus mykiss. [ Method ] Juvenile rainbow trout with an initial weight of （89.2 ±0.2） g were fed with the basal fodder supplemented with different levels of ferrous fumarate （0, 20, 40, 80,160 and 480 mg/kg iron） for 60 d, and the six groups were named DO, D20, D40, D80, D160 and D480, wherein DO was as the control group, actually containing 62.60, 79.50, 99.60, 139.30, 215.20 and 538.40 mg/kg iron respectively. [ Result] The growth performance of juvenile rainbow trout was not affected by different dietary iron levels obviously （ P 〉 0.05）. With the increase of dietary iron level, hemoglobin （Hb） content and number of red blood cells（RBC） rose firstly and then leveled off. No significance was found in hematocrit （Hct） among the six groups （P 〉0.05）. Iron content in the whole body, vertebrae and muscle increased significantly with the improvement of dietary iron level（ P 〈0.05）, and iron concentration in the liver increased firstly and then leveled off in groups from D40 to D480. No significant difference in zinc content of the whole body was found among the six groups （ P〉0.05）, while zinc content in the vertebrae and muscle in control group was significantly higher than that of other groups （ P〈0.05）, and zinc concentration in the liver in groups DO and 1320 was significantly higher than that of other groups （ P 〈0.05）. Copper content in the whole body increased significantly with the increase of dietary iron level （P 〈 0.05 ）, while no significant difference was observed in the vertebrae （ P 〉0.05）, and copper concentration in the muscle in control group was significantly lower than that of other groups （ P 〈0.05）. Serum lysozyme （LZM） activity of group DO was significantly lower than that of other groups （ P 〈 0.05） except for group D480 （ P 〉 0.05）. Catalase （CAT） activity of serum enhanced significantly （ P 〈 0.05） from DO to EH0 and then decreased obviously （P 〈0.05）. [ Conclusion] Based on hemoglobin and iron content in the liver, the broken-line model analysis showed that the dietary iron level provided by ferrous fumarate for juvenile rainbow trout was estimated to be 99.8 and 100.4 mg/kg respectively in the experiment.
基金The present study was conducted as a partial fulfilment of the PhD thesis of the first author and summarized from a part of the thesis supported by TUBITAK(Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)with the Project Number of 113O364.
文摘In this study,the combined effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis(BS,107 g/cfu)and different levels(0.025%,0.050%,0.075%and 0.150%)of trans-cinnamic acid(CA)on fish growth performance,whole body compositions,digestive enzymes,intestinal bacteria and internal organ index of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)were investigated.Six different experimental groups including control group(C),C+BS,0.025%CA+BS,0.050%CA+BS,0.075CA+BS,0.150%CA+BS)were established.According to the results obtained,growth performance,whole body compositions and digestive pH were not statistically significant among groups.Further,no significant differences were found between experimental groups in terms of the intestinal enzymes(trypsin,alkaline phosphatase and lipase)and gastric pepsin.Significantly higher levels of intestinal amylase were found in the control+BS,0.025%CA+BS,0.050%CA+BS,and 0.075%CA+BS compared to the control and 0.150%CA+BS groups.Moreover,coliform and Enterobacteriaceae counts were highest in the control+B.subtilis and lowest in the 0.150%CA+B.subtilis groups.
基金funded by SAGARPA-CONACYT-2006-01-12147 to IDLABSCBS-UAMI-2007-2010-147.07.03 to IDLABS and JLAF
文摘The growth performance of a selected F1 rainbow trout genetically characterized as polymorphic with locus Omy207UoG (NA = 13, PIC = 0.891, HE = 0.9003) was evaluated in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). A set of 157 rainbow trout of 37.8 g of mean body weight and 14.6 cm mean total length per tank, were introduced in each of six fish tank of 5 m3 connected to a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The trout was rearing during 317 days. Growth performance indicators and water quality were evaluated during the experiment. The genetically selected F1 rainbow trout showed a tendency towards homogeneity in growth performance along the culture period, reaching a mean total weight of 552.2 g. The length-weight relationship indicated an isometric growth (>3.0). This study presents the basis to establish a long-term marker-assisted selection program for rainbow trout culture in a subtropical region.
基金the Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Research Fund for financial assistance(the project number COMU BAP FDK-2013-102)and Adnan COBAN for providing research facilities.
文摘The present study investigated the effects of phytoadditive carvacrol on growth performance, feed utilization, hematological, non-specific immune and serum biochemical parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In trial, 240 rainbow trout which had average weight of 10.79 ± 0.57 was used. Fish were divided into four groups before being fed for 60 days with 0, 1 (C1), 3 (C3) or 5 (C5) g/kg of carvacrol. There were no particular differences in the growth performance, feed utilization, whole body composition, hematological parameters between the experimental group and the control group. However, as compared to control group, a significant increase of serum lysozyme activity was seen in groups receiving feed containing C3 and C5 groups after 30 days. The myeloperoxidase activity in groups (C1 and C3) was significantly higher on the 30th day of sampling. Myeloperoxidase activity of C5 treated group was significantly higher on the 60th day in comparison with the control group. Serum glucose levels significantly decreased on 60th day for C1, C3 and C5 treated groups. The serum total protein, globulin and triglyceride levels of C3 treated groups was significantly higher on the 60th day in comparison with the control and other carvacrol treated groups. The level of serum cholesterol in C5 treated groups was significantly lower on the 30th day in comparison with the control and other carvacrol treated groups. The results of the present study indicated that dietary supplementation of 3 g/kg of carvacrol in commercial diets could improve some non-specific and biochemical status in rainbow trout.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32225050,32073001,32303053)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1000302)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M713325,2023T160671).
文摘The eye,as a specialized visual organ,is directly exposed to the external environment,and,therefore,it faces constant chal-lenges from external pathogenic organisms and toxins.In the ocular mucosa(OM)of mammals,mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues(MALTs)constitute the primary line of defense.However,the immune defense role of the OM remains unknown in aquatic vertebrates.To gain insights into the immune processes within the OM of teleost fish,we developed an infection model of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)OM using a parasite,Ichthyophthirius multifiliis(Ich).Immunofluorescence,qPCR,and H&E staining revealed that Ich successfully infiltrates the OM of rainbow trout,leading to pathological struc-tural changes,as evidenced by A&B staining.Importantly,the qPCR results indicate an up-regulation of immune-related genes following Ich infection in the OM.Moreover,transcriptome analyses were conducted to detect immune responses and impairments in eye function within the OM of rainbow trout with Ich infection.The results of the transcriptome analysis that Ich infection can cause an extensive immune response in the OM,ultimately affecting ocular function.To the best of our knowledge,our findings represent for the first time that the teleost OM could act as an invasion site for parasites and trigger a strong mucosal immune response to parasitic infection.
基金the financial support of the State of Rio de Janeiro Carlos Chagas Filho Research Foundation(FAPERJ),process number E-26/103.003/2012K.R.Palmeira was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq)and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES).
文摘The consumption of freshwater fish and fish products has gradually grown worldwide over the last decades, generating a proportional waste increase. The objective of the present study was to assess the chemical and bacteriological quality of restructured fish product, meatball-type, prepared with rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) waste added of 1% transglutaminase (MTG), 4% textured soy protein (TSP) and replacing part of the sodium chloride with potassium chloride (75%/25%) as described below: T1—starch addition (control);T2—MTG addition (1%);T3—soy protein addition (4%);T4—soy protein addition (4%) and MTG addition (1%);T5—soy protein addition (4%), MTG addition (1%) and partial replacement of salt (75% NaCl/25% KCl). Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), pH determination and quantification of biogenic amines were performed on the day after manufacturing (P0) and after 60 days of storage (P1) at -25℃?± 2℃. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) of microbiological quality, TBARS and pH after storage. T4 presented the lowest total biogenic amine content (256.84 mg/kg) whereas T3 and T5 had the highest value (791.36 and 707.19 mg/kg, respectively) in this parameter. Putrescine was the biogenic amine that presented the highest concentration (504.00 mg/kg) in T3 and cadaverine that presented the smallest concentration (0.36 mg/kg) in T4. The use of technological strategies for developing new products with non-commercial fillets kept the most standards, having changes only in some biogenic amines.
文摘A novel sutureless surgical technique has been successfully used to implant acoustic transmitters in relatively large rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with a tag-to-body-ratio of 0.88%. This study examined the same technique in smaller rainbow trout in two, 12-week trials comparing both sutured and sutureless surgical techniques. In the first trial using a tag-to-body-ratio of 1.9% ± 0.04%, tag retention was only 16.6% in fish without sutures, which was significantly lower than the 83.3% retention with sutured incisions. Similarly, in the second trial with a tag-to-body-ratio of 3.2% ± 0.03%, tag retention was 55.5% without sutures, which was significantly lower than the 90.0% retention using sutures. Mortality was not significantly different between treatments in either trial. The results of this study indicate that sutures must be used during surgeries to implant acoustic transmitters in relatively smaller fish with tag-to-body-ratios at or above 1.9%.
文摘本研究旨在对虹鳟体内分离菌进行分子鉴定分型及耐药性分析。通过形态学观察、生理生化反应、16S rRNA基因比对进化分析及管家基因多位点序列分型等方法,确定分离菌的种属地位、分析种内分子变异特征;利用纸片扩散法与PCR方法,分析分离菌耐药表型与基因型之间关系;进行人工感染小鼠试验,评估分离菌致病力强弱。结果显示,分离菌(GZBJ2017)为革兰氏阴性杆菌;16S rRNA基因与弗氏柠檬酸杆菌16S r RNA基因同源性达95.4%,结合生理生化反应结果,确定分离菌为弗氏柠檬酸杆菌;分离菌7个管家基因均发生变异,多位点序列分型鉴定为新序列型,与标准菌株ST-132亲缘关系最近;分离菌对头孢曲松、多粘菌素B、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星4种药物敏感,对四环素、庆大霉素、泰乐菌素、复方新诺明、青霉素、卡那霉素6种药物耐药;分离菌携带Sul1、Sul2、Intl1等3种耐药基因,与耐药表型相符;人工感染试验结果显示,该菌对小鼠具有一定的致病力。本研究对本次虹鳟发病的病因作出了准确诊断,为虹鳟弗氏柠檬酸杆菌感染的防治与分子流行病学研究提供依据。
