Acute myeloid leukemia(AML) is characterized by the accumulation of circulating immature blasts that exhibit uncontrolled growth, lack the ability to undergo normal differentiation, and have decreased sensitivity to a...Acute myeloid leukemia(AML) is characterized by the accumulation of circulating immature blasts that exhibit uncontrolled growth, lack the ability to undergo normal differentiation, and have decreased sensitivity to apoptosis. Accumulating evidence shows the bone marrow(BM) niche is critical to the maintenance and retention of hematopoietic stem cells(HSC), including leukemia stem cells(LSC), and an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that crosstalk between LSC and the stromal cells associated with this niche greatly influences leukemia initiation, progression, and response to therapy. Undeniably, stromal cells in the BM niche provide a sanctuary in which LSC can acquire a drug-resistant phenotype and thereby evade chemotherapyinduced death. Yin and Yang, the ancient Chinese philosophical concept, vividly portrays the intricate and dynamic interactions between LSC and the BM niche. In fact, LSC-induced microenvironmental reprogramming contributes significantly to leukemogenesis. Thus, identifying the critical signaling pathways involved in these interactions will contribute to target optimization and combinatorial drug treatment strategies to overcome acquired drug resistance and prevent relapse following therapy. In this review, we describe some of the critical signaling pathways mediating BM niche-LSC interaction, including SDF1/CXCL12, Wnt/β-catenin, VCAM/VLA-4/NF-κB, CD44, and hypoxia as a newly-recognized physical determinant of resistance, and outline therapeutic strategies for overcoming these resistance factors.展开更多
The present study investigated the effect of treatment with methanolic extracts of Yin- and Yang-Chinese tonifying herbs on concanavalin A (Con A)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation (adaptive...The present study investigated the effect of treatment with methanolic extracts of Yin- and Yang-Chinese tonifying herbs on concanavalin A (Con A)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation (adaptive immunity) and natural killer (NK) cell activity (innate immunity) in an ex vivo mouse model. The results indicated that while treatment with most Yin herbal extracts potentiated the Con A/LPS-stimulated splenocyte proliferation, only Yang (but not Yin) herbal extracts stimulated NK cell activity. The differential effects of Yin- and Yang-Chinese tonifying herbs on innate and adaptive immunity are consistent with the Chinese medicine theory which depicts the Yin and Yang functional components of Zheng Qi (vital energy), with the Yang component being responsible for the first line of defense against invading microorganisms (i.e., innate immunity) and the Yin oner serving as a follow-up defensive response (adaptive immunity).展开更多
In regard to erectile function, Yin is flaccidity and Yang erection. In the past decade, research has mostly focused on the Yang aspect of erectile function. However, in recent years, the Yin side is attracting increa...In regard to erectile function, Yin is flaccidity and Yang erection. In the past decade, research has mostly focused on the Yang aspect of erectile function. However, in recent years, the Yin side is attracting increasingly greater attention. This is due to the realization that penile flaccidity is no less important than penile erection and is actively maintained by mechanisms that play critical roles in certain types of erectile dysfunction (ED); for example, in diabetic patients. In addition, there is evidence that the Yin and Yang signaling pathways interact with each other during the transition from flaccidity to erection, and vice versa. As such, it is important that we view erectile function from not only the Yang but also the Yin side. The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the Yin and Yang of the penis. Emphasis is given to the Rho kinase signaling pathway that regulates the Yin, and to the cyclic nucleotide signaling pathway that regulates the Yang. Discussion is organized in such a way so as to follow the signaling cascade, that is, beginning with the extracellular signaling molecules (e.g., norepinephrin and nitric oxide) and their receptors, converging onto the intracellular effectors (e.g., Rho kinase and protein kinase G), branching into secondary effectors, and finishing with contractile molecules and phosphodiesterases. Interactions between the Yin and Yang signaling pathways are discussed as well.展开更多
Ancient Chinese philosophers discovered Yin and Yang and the laws of Yin and Yang movement during their exploration and practice of nature more than two thousand years ago, and applied them to life, science, philosoph...Ancient Chinese philosophers discovered Yin and Yang and the laws of Yin and Yang movement during their exploration and practice of nature more than two thousand years ago, and applied them to life, science, philosophy and medicine, playing an important role in the achievement of ancient Chinese civilization. Through historical changes, yin and yang have gradually been regarded as a concept or theory, thus making it difficult for people to understand the connotation of Yin-Yang and make new discoveries and progress. Nowadays, many scholars in China and the West are interested in studying the treasures of ancient Chinese civilization. We illustrate the actual function of Yin and Yang by explaining the essential state of matter, the law of physical movement, the transformation of energy, and then illustrate the practical application in life and science. In conclusion, yin-yang is a key to unlocking the treasures of traditional Chinese civilization, which can help to bring into play its original values, and continue to provide new insights and directions for the development of modern science and the advancement of humanities.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">In the present study, two cell-based systems for assessing Yang and Yin activities were for the first time used to investigate the effect of ursolic acid (UA) and ole...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">In the present study, two cell-based systems for assessing Yang and Yin activities were for the first time used to investigate the effect of ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA). The results indicated that while UA was only active in the Yang assay, OA produced activity in the Yin assay. The Yang/Yin activity of UA/OA may be attributed to their distinct molecular structures, which confer their differential ability to interact with mitochondrial membrane or cellular membrane lipids, with resultant membrane fluidization and potentiation of biological responses.</span>展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Theory</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> of Sixty JiaZi (60 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;&q...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Theory</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> of Sixty JiaZi (60 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">甲子</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) is useful in understanding a human body disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “seize the momentum of development, hasten </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lucky</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">avoids</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> disaster” (</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">顺势而为</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">趋吉避凶</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). Sixty </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">JiaZi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is hidden behind eight palaces. The first or second transfer law of human body energies of Sixty JiaZi changes according to the different blood pH values of a human body whether in the normal range or not, respectively, assuming that the range of blood pH values of a human </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">body</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is divided into four parts from small to large. Both second and third are for a healthy human body. Both the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">root-cause</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and symptoms come from the first transfer law of human body energies. And both first and fourth are for an unhealthy human body. Both the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">root-cause</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and symptoms come from the second transfer law of human body energies. The treating disease of a human body should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat atrial premature beats as congenital heart disease.</span></span>展开更多
The theory of yin and yang in Chinese medicine signifies everything and can be used to divide everything in the world.The diagnosis and assessment of ankylosing spondylitis in Western medicine can also be divided by y...The theory of yin and yang in Chinese medicine signifies everything and can be used to divide everything in the world.The diagnosis and assessment of ankylosing spondylitis in Western medicine can also be divided by yin and yang.The current technologies used in Western medicine for detecting ankylosing spondylitis is summarized,divided,and reasoned with the philosophical views of yin and yang in traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
“Yang promotes Qi transformation and Yin promotes forming”maintains the normal progress of human life activities,which is an important embodiment of human vitality.The dysfunction of“Yang promotes Qi transformation...“Yang promotes Qi transformation and Yin promotes forming”maintains the normal progress of human life activities,which is an important embodiment of human vitality.The dysfunction of“Yang promotes Qi transformation and Yin promotes forming”leads to the coagulation of pathological products such as phlegm and blood stasis in the breast meridian,resulting in the occurrence of acne mastitis.In clinical treatment,we should take“warm Yang to promote Qi transformation”as the treatment principle,and add or subtract according to the specific situation.展开更多
By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong...By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” (抑强扶弱) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in image mathematics of Traditional Chinese Mathematics (TCMath). We defined generalized relations and generalized reasoning, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the intervention principle in image mathematics of TCMath and treated the research object of the image mathematics as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the mathematical intervening principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.展开更多
By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support th...By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined two kinds of opposite relations and one kind of equivalence relation, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.展开更多
By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu X...By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined generalized relations and reasoning, introduced the concept of generalized steady multilateral systems, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle above is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.展开更多
Theory of both Zangxiang (藏象) and Jingluo (经络) is useful in understanding disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates th...Theory of both Zangxiang (藏象) and Jingluo (经络) is useful in understanding disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Searching for a root cause of disease in cure, treatment of both the root-cause and symptoms at the same time” (治病求本, 标本兼治). It means that for a human body, there is the mathematical structure of both Zangxiang and Jingluo as her/his second physiological system. It can be used to determine both the root-cause and symptoms of the sick organ by using both Zangxiang and Jingluo. In general, for the human blood pH value, the normal range of theory is [7.34539, 7.45461] nearly to [7.35, 7.45], and the center is 7.4. The first or second transfer law of a human body’s energies changes according to the different blood pH values whether in the normal range or not. Human disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.展开更多
AIM To investigated the mechanism of the association between the TBX21 T-1993 C promoter polymorphism and autoimmune hepatitis type 1(AIH-1) development.METHODS In vivo,In vivo,and reporter analyses were performed to ...AIM To investigated the mechanism of the association between the TBX21 T-1993 C promoter polymorphism and autoimmune hepatitis type 1(AIH-1) development.METHODS In vivo,In vivo,and reporter analyses were performed to determine the function of transcription factors binding to the T-1993 C element of the TBX21 promoter in human CD4+ T and B cell lines. Flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyze T-box transcription factor(T-bet) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) expressions in CD4+ T cells,B cells and monocytes from the peripheral blood of AIH-1 patients including 5-1993 TC and 15-1993 TT genotype carriers,and healthy controls including 10-1993 TC and 25-1993 TT genotype carriers. Furthermore,a range of biochemical indices was measured simultaneously in the blood of AIH-1 patients.RESULTS TBX21-1993 C allele created a strong Yin-Yang 1(YY1)-binding site and decreased transcriptional activity of TBX21 promoter in human CD4+ T and B cells.Higher levels of T-bet and IFN-γ were detected in the circulating CD4+ T cells and B cells of AIH-1 patients carrying the TBX21-1993 TT genotype compared with the patients carrying the-1993 TC genotype and controls with the-1993 TC genotype. T-bet expression levels of circulating T cells and B cells were positively correlated with AIH-1 disease activity. Knockdown of YY1 with si RNA caused increased expression of T-bet and IFN-γ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in AIH-1 patients. CONCLUSION The repression of TBX21 expression by high-affinity binding of YY1 to the-1993 C allele may contribute to a decreased development of AIH-1 via suppression of type 1 immunity.展开更多
A 3D dynamic core of the non-hydrostatic model GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System) is developed on the Yin-Yang grid to address the polar problem and to enhance the computational efficiency. T...A 3D dynamic core of the non-hydrostatic model GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System) is developed on the Yin-Yang grid to address the polar problem and to enhance the computational efficiency. Three-dimensional Coriolis forcing is introduced to the new core, and full representation of the Coriolis forcing makes it straightforward to share code between the Yin and Yang subdomains. Similar to that in the original GRAPES model, a semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian scheme is adopted for temporal integration and advection with additional arrangement for cross-boundary transport. Under a non-centered second-order temporal and spatial discretization, the dry nonhydrostatic frame is summarized as the solution of an elliptical problem. The resulting Helmholtz equation is solved with the Generalized Conjugate Residual solver in cooperation with the classic Schwarz method. Even though the coefficients of the equation are quite different from those in the original model, the computational procedure of the new core is just the same. The bi-cubic Lagrangian interpolation serves to provide Dirichlet-type boundary conditions with data transfer between the subdomains. The dry core is evaluated with several benchmark test cases, and all the tests display reasonable numerical stability and computing performance. Persistency of the balanced flow and development of both the mountain-induced Rossby wave and Rossby–Haurwitz wave confirms the appropriate installation of the 3D Coriolis terms in the semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian dynamic core on the Yin-Yang grid.展开更多
基金funding from Guangzhou Pearl River of Science & Technology New Star (Grant No. 2011J2200069)supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (Grant No. P01 CA055164)+2 种基金MD Anderson Cancer Center Support (Grant No. CA016672)the Paul and Mary Haas Chair in Genetics to Michael Andreeffby the University Cancer Foundation via the Institutional Research Grant program at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center to Bing Z. Carter
文摘Acute myeloid leukemia(AML) is characterized by the accumulation of circulating immature blasts that exhibit uncontrolled growth, lack the ability to undergo normal differentiation, and have decreased sensitivity to apoptosis. Accumulating evidence shows the bone marrow(BM) niche is critical to the maintenance and retention of hematopoietic stem cells(HSC), including leukemia stem cells(LSC), and an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that crosstalk between LSC and the stromal cells associated with this niche greatly influences leukemia initiation, progression, and response to therapy. Undeniably, stromal cells in the BM niche provide a sanctuary in which LSC can acquire a drug-resistant phenotype and thereby evade chemotherapyinduced death. Yin and Yang, the ancient Chinese philosophical concept, vividly portrays the intricate and dynamic interactions between LSC and the BM niche. In fact, LSC-induced microenvironmental reprogramming contributes significantly to leukemogenesis. Thus, identifying the critical signaling pathways involved in these interactions will contribute to target optimization and combinatorial drug treatment strategies to overcome acquired drug resistance and prevent relapse following therapy. In this review, we describe some of the critical signaling pathways mediating BM niche-LSC interaction, including SDF1/CXCL12, Wnt/β-catenin, VCAM/VLA-4/NF-κB, CD44, and hypoxia as a newly-recognized physical determinant of resistance, and outline therapeutic strategies for overcoming these resistance factors.
文摘The present study investigated the effect of treatment with methanolic extracts of Yin- and Yang-Chinese tonifying herbs on concanavalin A (Con A)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation (adaptive immunity) and natural killer (NK) cell activity (innate immunity) in an ex vivo mouse model. The results indicated that while treatment with most Yin herbal extracts potentiated the Con A/LPS-stimulated splenocyte proliferation, only Yang (but not Yin) herbal extracts stimulated NK cell activity. The differential effects of Yin- and Yang-Chinese tonifying herbs on innate and adaptive immunity are consistent with the Chinese medicine theory which depicts the Yin and Yang functional components of Zheng Qi (vital energy), with the Yang component being responsible for the first line of defense against invading microorganisms (i.e., innate immunity) and the Yin oner serving as a follow-up defensive response (adaptive immunity).
文摘In regard to erectile function, Yin is flaccidity and Yang erection. In the past decade, research has mostly focused on the Yang aspect of erectile function. However, in recent years, the Yin side is attracting increasingly greater attention. This is due to the realization that penile flaccidity is no less important than penile erection and is actively maintained by mechanisms that play critical roles in certain types of erectile dysfunction (ED); for example, in diabetic patients. In addition, there is evidence that the Yin and Yang signaling pathways interact with each other during the transition from flaccidity to erection, and vice versa. As such, it is important that we view erectile function from not only the Yang but also the Yin side. The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the Yin and Yang of the penis. Emphasis is given to the Rho kinase signaling pathway that regulates the Yin, and to the cyclic nucleotide signaling pathway that regulates the Yang. Discussion is organized in such a way so as to follow the signaling cascade, that is, beginning with the extracellular signaling molecules (e.g., norepinephrin and nitric oxide) and their receptors, converging onto the intracellular effectors (e.g., Rho kinase and protein kinase G), branching into secondary effectors, and finishing with contractile molecules and phosphodiesterases. Interactions between the Yin and Yang signaling pathways are discussed as well.
文摘Ancient Chinese philosophers discovered Yin and Yang and the laws of Yin and Yang movement during their exploration and practice of nature more than two thousand years ago, and applied them to life, science, philosophy and medicine, playing an important role in the achievement of ancient Chinese civilization. Through historical changes, yin and yang have gradually been regarded as a concept or theory, thus making it difficult for people to understand the connotation of Yin-Yang and make new discoveries and progress. Nowadays, many scholars in China and the West are interested in studying the treasures of ancient Chinese civilization. We illustrate the actual function of Yin and Yang by explaining the essential state of matter, the law of physical movement, the transformation of energy, and then illustrate the practical application in life and science. In conclusion, yin-yang is a key to unlocking the treasures of traditional Chinese civilization, which can help to bring into play its original values, and continue to provide new insights and directions for the development of modern science and the advancement of humanities.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">In the present study, two cell-based systems for assessing Yang and Yin activities were for the first time used to investigate the effect of ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA). The results indicated that while UA was only active in the Yang assay, OA produced activity in the Yin assay. The Yang/Yin activity of UA/OA may be attributed to their distinct molecular structures, which confer their differential ability to interact with mitochondrial membrane or cellular membrane lipids, with resultant membrane fluidization and potentiation of biological responses.</span>
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Theory</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> of Sixty JiaZi (60 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">甲子</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) is useful in understanding a human body disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “seize the momentum of development, hasten </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lucky</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">avoids</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> disaster” (</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">顺势而为</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">趋吉避凶</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). Sixty </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">JiaZi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is hidden behind eight palaces. The first or second transfer law of human body energies of Sixty JiaZi changes according to the different blood pH values of a human body whether in the normal range or not, respectively, assuming that the range of blood pH values of a human </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">body</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is divided into four parts from small to large. Both second and third are for a healthy human body. Both the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">root-cause</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and symptoms come from the first transfer law of human body energies. And both first and fourth are for an unhealthy human body. Both the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">root-cause</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and symptoms come from the second transfer law of human body energies. The treating disease of a human body should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat atrial premature beats as congenital heart disease.</span></span>
基金This research was supported by the Multi-Center Collaborative Research on the Optimization and Promotion of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Active Ankylosing Spondylitis,Project Number 2020-ZXY-006 Shaanxi Provincial Department of Health,2020 Shaanxi Provincial Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Clinical Collaborative Innovation Project.
文摘The theory of yin and yang in Chinese medicine signifies everything and can be used to divide everything in the world.The diagnosis and assessment of ankylosing spondylitis in Western medicine can also be divided by yin and yang.The current technologies used in Western medicine for detecting ankylosing spondylitis is summarized,divided,and reasoned with the philosophical views of yin and yang in traditional Chinese medicine.
文摘“Yang promotes Qi transformation and Yin promotes forming”maintains the normal progress of human life activities,which is an important embodiment of human vitality.The dysfunction of“Yang promotes Qi transformation and Yin promotes forming”leads to the coagulation of pathological products such as phlegm and blood stasis in the breast meridian,resulting in the occurrence of acne mastitis.In clinical treatment,we should take“warm Yang to promote Qi transformation”as the treatment principle,and add or subtract according to the specific situation.
文摘By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” (抑强扶弱) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in image mathematics of Traditional Chinese Mathematics (TCMath). We defined generalized relations and generalized reasoning, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the intervention principle in image mathematics of TCMath and treated the research object of the image mathematics as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the mathematical intervening principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.
文摘By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined two kinds of opposite relations and one kind of equivalence relation, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.
文摘By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined generalized relations and reasoning, introduced the concept of generalized steady multilateral systems, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle above is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.
文摘Theory of both Zangxiang (藏象) and Jingluo (经络) is useful in understanding disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Searching for a root cause of disease in cure, treatment of both the root-cause and symptoms at the same time” (治病求本, 标本兼治). It means that for a human body, there is the mathematical structure of both Zangxiang and Jingluo as her/his second physiological system. It can be used to determine both the root-cause and symptoms of the sick organ by using both Zangxiang and Jingluo. In general, for the human blood pH value, the normal range of theory is [7.34539, 7.45461] nearly to [7.35, 7.45], and the center is 7.4. The first or second transfer law of a human body’s energies changes according to the different blood pH values whether in the normal range or not. Human disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30972595
文摘AIM To investigated the mechanism of the association between the TBX21 T-1993 C promoter polymorphism and autoimmune hepatitis type 1(AIH-1) development.METHODS In vivo,In vivo,and reporter analyses were performed to determine the function of transcription factors binding to the T-1993 C element of the TBX21 promoter in human CD4+ T and B cell lines. Flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyze T-box transcription factor(T-bet) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) expressions in CD4+ T cells,B cells and monocytes from the peripheral blood of AIH-1 patients including 5-1993 TC and 15-1993 TT genotype carriers,and healthy controls including 10-1993 TC and 25-1993 TT genotype carriers. Furthermore,a range of biochemical indices was measured simultaneously in the blood of AIH-1 patients.RESULTS TBX21-1993 C allele created a strong Yin-Yang 1(YY1)-binding site and decreased transcriptional activity of TBX21 promoter in human CD4+ T and B cells.Higher levels of T-bet and IFN-γ were detected in the circulating CD4+ T cells and B cells of AIH-1 patients carrying the TBX21-1993 TT genotype compared with the patients carrying the-1993 TC genotype and controls with the-1993 TC genotype. T-bet expression levels of circulating T cells and B cells were positively correlated with AIH-1 disease activity. Knockdown of YY1 with si RNA caused increased expression of T-bet and IFN-γ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in AIH-1 patients. CONCLUSION The repression of TBX21 expression by high-affinity binding of YY1 to the-1993 C allele may contribute to a decreased development of AIH-1 via suppression of type 1 immunity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41175095)the National Key Technology R&D Program(Grant No. 2012BAC22B01)a research project of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (Grant No. 2014Z001)
文摘A 3D dynamic core of the non-hydrostatic model GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System) is developed on the Yin-Yang grid to address the polar problem and to enhance the computational efficiency. Three-dimensional Coriolis forcing is introduced to the new core, and full representation of the Coriolis forcing makes it straightforward to share code between the Yin and Yang subdomains. Similar to that in the original GRAPES model, a semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian scheme is adopted for temporal integration and advection with additional arrangement for cross-boundary transport. Under a non-centered second-order temporal and spatial discretization, the dry nonhydrostatic frame is summarized as the solution of an elliptical problem. The resulting Helmholtz equation is solved with the Generalized Conjugate Residual solver in cooperation with the classic Schwarz method. Even though the coefficients of the equation are quite different from those in the original model, the computational procedure of the new core is just the same. The bi-cubic Lagrangian interpolation serves to provide Dirichlet-type boundary conditions with data transfer between the subdomains. The dry core is evaluated with several benchmark test cases, and all the tests display reasonable numerical stability and computing performance. Persistency of the balanced flow and development of both the mountain-induced Rossby wave and Rossby–Haurwitz wave confirms the appropriate installation of the 3D Coriolis terms in the semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian dynamic core on the Yin-Yang grid.