Introduction: The management of hypertension is mostly based on pharmacotherapy and hygienic and dietary measures (HDMs) for which little data is available in Cameroon. The concern to improve the quality of life of hy...Introduction: The management of hypertension is mostly based on pharmacotherapy and hygienic and dietary measures (HDMs) for which little data is available in Cameroon. The concern to improve the quality of life of hypertensive patients led us to study the knowledge, compliance and effect of HDMs among Cameroonian hypertensive patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the Douala General Hospital;the census of patients was carried out from 05 March to 10 May 2018. The data evaluated were knowledge and compliance with HDMs with an inference of their effect on blood pressure control. Results: We recruited 330 participants at mean age of 60 ± 11 years, 37.9% men;57.3% with blood pressure (BP) controlled. Out of 330 subjects, 308 (93.3%) who had been educated about dietary health measures for hypertension were assessed on knowledge, compliance and effect of these measures against 22 (6.7%) who had never heard about them. Around 85.7% of participants had good knowledge of HDMs and 78.9% had good compliance with them. There was no statistically significant influence of knowledge and compliance with HDMs on blood pressure control. Conclusion: The level of knowledge and adherence to HDMs of hypertensive patients at the Douala General Hospital was appreciable. It is however appropriate for physicians to intensify patient education on HDMs and BP control.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to assess the nurses’knowledge and compliance with infection control standard precautions and evaluate the impact of the designed infection control educational program on nurses’knowledge...Objectives:This study aimed to assess the nurses’knowledge and compliance with infection control standard precautions and evaluate the impact of the designed infection control educational program on nurses’knowledge and compliance with standard precautions at the maternity hospital.Materials and Methods:A quasi‑experimental one‑group pretest‑posttest design was used on convenient sample of 60 nurses working at Obstetrics and Gynecological hospital in Cairo University Hospital,Kasr El Ainy,who received“designed infection control educational program”for 6 months.The data were collected through the questionnaire comprising demographics,knowledge,and compliance with standard precautions questionnaire.The nurses’knowledge and compliance score were compared before and after intervention.Results:The studied nurses had higher level of knowledge(85.3%)and compliance(92.8%)regarding infection control standard precautions after the educational program compared to before the program.The results revealed statistically significant difference between before and after the program regarding nurses’knowledge score(15.5±2.9 vs.17.1±1.6,P<0.001)and compliance score(58.5±13.2 vs.74.3±5.1,P<0.001).In addition,there was insignificant relation between nurses’knowledge and compliance with standard precautions both before(r=0.952,P=0.474)and after educational program(r=0.164,P=0.223).Conclusion:The nurses’level of knowledge and compliance regarding infection control standard precautions was significantly improved after the program.Therefore,it is recommended that periodical educational programs regarding the standard precautions of infection control are essential for nurses at maternity hospital.展开更多
Background:Good adherence to post-operative exercise is crucial for long-term exercise intervention programs aimed at improving compliance,motivation for functional exercise,and quality of life among breast cancer pat...Background:Good adherence to post-operative exercise is crucial for long-term exercise intervention programs aimed at improving compliance,motivation for functional exercise,and quality of life among breast cancer patients.This study aims to evaluate the application effect of quality control circles on postoperative functional exercise compliance in breast neoplasm patients.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted in CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science and CINAHL databases from their establishment to May 06,2023.Manual search and backtracking of relevant literature were also conducted.The search terms included a combination of subject terms and free words.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software on eligible literature.Results:Initially,517 papers were retrieved,and after removing duplicates 238 papers using NoteExpress software,279 titles and abstracts were reviewed.Subsequently,225 non-compliant papers were excluded,leaving 54 full texts to be read.After excluding 38 non-compliant papers,16 eligible papers were included for Meta-analysis.These papers comprised a total of 1,342 patients(679 in the test group and 663 in the control group).The heterogeneity test using a fixed effects model showed P=0.22 and I2=21%.The Meta-analysis results demonstrated that the implementation of quality control circles alongside usual care significantly improved compliance with postoperative functional exercise in breast cancer patients(odds ratio=6.68,95%confidence interval(4.97,8.98),P<0.00001).Conclusion:Quality control circles activities can effectively enhance compliance with post-operative functional exercise among breast cancer patients,aiding in the recovery of affected limb function,improvement of self-care ability,and early reintegration into society and normal life,thereby enhancing quality of life.It is important to continually accumulate experience in applying relevant quality control circles activities in clinical work and promptly enhance the level of care accordingly,as the functional exercise of breast cancer patients after surgery involves a long-term and gradual improvement process.展开更多
In the realm of quadruped robot locomotion,compliance control is imperative to handle impacts when negotiating unstructured terrains.At the same time,kinematic tracking accuracy should be guaranteed during locomotion....In the realm of quadruped robot locomotion,compliance control is imperative to handle impacts when negotiating unstructured terrains.At the same time,kinematic tracking accuracy should be guaranteed during locomotion.To meet both demands,ajoint space compliance controller is designed,so that compliance can be achieved in stance phase while position tracking performance can be guaranteed in swing phase.Unlike operational space compliance control,the joint space compliance control method is easy to implement and does not depend on robot dynamics.As for each joint actuator,high performance force control is of great importance for compliance design.Therefore,a nonlinear PI controller based on feedback linearization is proposed for the hydraulic actuator force control.Besides,an outer position loop(compliance loop)is closed for each joint.Experiments are carried out to verify the force controller and compliance of the hydraulic actuator.The robot leg compliance is assessed by a virtual prototyping simulation.展开更多
Globally, infections acquired during childbirth contribute to one tenth of the maternal deaths annually [1] [2]. Factors predisposing to high risks of puerperal infections include non-compliance with Standard Precauti...Globally, infections acquired during childbirth contribute to one tenth of the maternal deaths annually [1] [2]. Factors predisposing to high risks of puerperal infections include non-compliance with Standard Precautions of Infection Control (SPIC), unhygienic births by unskilled birth attendants, multiple vaginal examinations, prolonged labour and premature rapture of membranes [1]. The main purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with compliance to standard precautions of infection control the management of labour by healthcare workers in Mulago Hospital to generate information, which may be used in infection control and prevention practices. A cross-sectional study utilizing a quantitative approach was conducted among 115 healthcare workers. Consecutive sampling was done to include respondents in the study. Data were collected by direct observation and researcher administered questionnaires. Data were coded and entered into the computer using SPSS version 20 with programmed quality control checks. Descriptive data analyses, frequencies, cross tabulations and logistic regression analysis were the major statistical methods used. 103 healthcare workers were involved in the study, where 74% were females. Overall compliance was at 52%, although it varied across domains. The majority of the healthcare workers (95.1%) did not comply with hand hygiene. Being a male was associated with low compliance scores a cross most domains. One of the hospital factors which was significantly associated with compliance to hand hygiene was having had an in-service training with p = 0.008 and p = 0.012 at multivariate analysis. Overall compliance to standard precautions of infection control was low compared to the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) recommendation. The findings in this study provide insight into individual and hospital related factors associated with compliance with standard precautions of infection control in the management of labour. There is an urgent need to put up interventions to improve on compliance with SPIC in management of labour among all healthcare workers.展开更多
Given the limited operating ability of a single robotic arm,dual-arm collaborative operations have become increasingly prominent.Compared with the electrically driven dual-arm manipulator,due to the unknown heavy load...Given the limited operating ability of a single robotic arm,dual-arm collaborative operations have become increasingly prominent.Compared with the electrically driven dual-arm manipulator,due to the unknown heavy load,difficulty in measuring contact forces,and control complexity during the closed-chain object transportation task,the hydraulic dual-arm manipulator(HDM)faces more difficulty in accurately tracking the desired motion trajectory,which may cause object deformation or even breakage.To overcome this problem,a compliance motion control method is proposed in this paper for the HDM.The mass parameter of the unknown object is obtained by using an adaptive method based on velocity error.Due to the difficulty in obtaining the actual internal force of the object,the pressure signal from the pressure sensor of the hydraulic system is used to estimate the contact force at the end-effector(EE)of two hydraulic manipulators(HMs).Further,the estimated contact force is used to calculate the actual internal force on the object.Then,a compliance motion controller is designed for HDM closed-chain collaboration.The position and internal force errors of the object are reduced by the feedback of the position,velocity,and internal force errors of the object to achieve the effect of the compliance motion of the HDM,i.e.,to reduce the motion error and internal force of the object.The required velocity and force at the EE of the two HMs,including the position and internal force errors of the object,are inputted into separate position controllers.In addition,the position controllers of the two individual HMs are designed to enable precise motion control by using the virtual decomposition control method.Finally,comparative experiments are carried out on a hydraulic dual-arm test bench.The proposed method is validated by the experimental results,which demonstrate improved object position accuracy and reduced internal force.展开更多
In order to guarantee safety and stability during physical human-robot-interaction(p HRI) in the occasion of service or industrial operation, a serial integrated rotary joint with the characteristics of passive and ac...In order to guarantee safety and stability during physical human-robot-interaction(p HRI) in the occasion of service or industrial operation, a serial integrated rotary joint with the characteristics of passive and active compliance is proposed. Passive compliance is achieved by a designed elastic element, such that the compliant joint may minimize large force which occurs during accidental impacts and, further, may offer more accurate and stable force control and a capacity for energy storage. Meanwhile, the modeling of the compliant joint is comprehensively analyzed, including the effect of the motor model on the overall control system. In order to realize the active compliance, a new method of impedance control is proposed. On the basis of PD control, a more compliant impedance controller is introduced. Experimental results show that the serial integrated rotary joint can provide more effective safety compliance during physical interaction, which has also been well applied in our designed massage robot and rehabilitation robot.展开更多
BACKGROUND The proficiency of nursing professionals in the infection prevention and control(IPC)practices is a core component of the strategy to mitigate the challenge of healthcare associated infections.AIM To test k...BACKGROUND The proficiency of nursing professionals in the infection prevention and control(IPC)practices is a core component of the strategy to mitigate the challenge of healthcare associated infections.AIM To test knowledge of nurses working in intensive care units(ICU)in South Asia and Middle East countries on IPC practices.METHODS An online self-assessment questionnaire based on various aspects of IPC practices was conducted among nurses over three weeks.RESULTS A total of 1333 nurses from 13 countries completed the survey.The average score was 72.8%and 36%of nurses were proficient(mean score>80%).43%and 68.3%of respondents were from government and teaching hospitals,respectively.79.2%of respondents worked in<25 bedded ICUs and 46.5%in closed ICUs.Statistically,a significant association was found between the knowledge and expertise of nurses,the country’s per-capita income,type of hospitals,accreditation and teaching status of hospitals and type of ICUs.Working in high-and upper-middleincome countries(β=4.89,95%CI:3.55 to 6.22)was positively associated,and the teaching status of the hospital(β=-4.58,95%CI:-6.81 to-2.36)was negatively associated with the knowledge score among respondents.CONCLUSION There is considerable variation in knowledge among nurses working in ICU.Factors like income status of countries,public vs private and teaching status of hospitals and experience are independently associated with nurses’knowledge of IPC practices.展开更多
Vegetable oils are a source of energy, essential fatty acids, antioxidants and fat-soluble vitamins useful for human health care and development. These oils also contribute to organoleptic quality of their products’ ...Vegetable oils are a source of energy, essential fatty acids, antioxidants and fat-soluble vitamins useful for human health care and development. These oils also contribute to organoleptic quality of their products’ derivatives. However, their chemical and physical properties can be modified by the mode of their extraction, storage and distribution. These modifications might negatively affect the nutritional quality of the oils. The goals of this study were to: sample different vegetable oils for cosmetic or dietary use marketed in Cameroon, and verify purity and oxidation states of each kind of oil through determination of its acidity, iodine, peroxide, saponification, refractive indexes and the conformity of the labeling. The carotene content, the level of polar components and specific absorbance were also determined. As the result, six oils namely palm, palm kernel, coconut, black cumin, peanut and shea butter were collected. Apart from labeling, chemicals and physicals parameters analyzed were generally in accordance with the Cameroonian and Codex Alimentarius standard. This study suggests that vegetable oils sampled in the Cameroonian market may not expose consumers to lipid oxidation products generating pathological oxidative stress and inflammation. However, efforts in application of existing standard need to be done as far as labeling are concerned.展开更多
目的评价药师干预口服抗肿瘤药物患者用药依从性的成效。方法采用计算机检索PubMed,Web of Science,Embase及中国知网、维普和万方医学数据库中药师对口服抗肿瘤药物患者用药依从性进行干预的相关研究,检索时限为自建库起至2022年4月1...目的评价药师干预口服抗肿瘤药物患者用药依从性的成效。方法采用计算机检索PubMed,Web of Science,Embase及中国知网、维普和万方医学数据库中药师对口服抗肿瘤药物患者用药依从性进行干预的相关研究,检索时限为自建库起至2022年4月1日。采用Cochrane偏倚风险评价工具RoB2进行偏倚风险评价,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析,无法进行Meta分析的结局指标进行描述性统计。结果共纳入8项随机对照试验(RCT),涉及患者717例。常见的用药依从性干预措施为定期随访、用药教育和咨询。测量方法包括直接评估法和间接评估法,其中直接评估法通过测量血药浓度;间接评估法包括客观评估法(药片计数法和电子监测设备)和主观评估法(患者问卷调查)。4项以患者是否依从用药二分类变量为结局指标的RCT的Meta分析结果显示,药师对口服抗肿瘤药物患者进行药学干预可显著提高其用药依从性[OR=4.59,95%CI(1.09,19.29),P=0.04];亚组分析结果显示,采用主观评估法评估用药依从性的研究中,干预组的用药依从性显著提高[OR=6.84,95%CI(2.84,16.50),P<0.0001]。结论药师积极对口服抗肿瘤药物患者进行药学干预,可提高患者的用药依从性。展开更多
文摘Introduction: The management of hypertension is mostly based on pharmacotherapy and hygienic and dietary measures (HDMs) for which little data is available in Cameroon. The concern to improve the quality of life of hypertensive patients led us to study the knowledge, compliance and effect of HDMs among Cameroonian hypertensive patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the Douala General Hospital;the census of patients was carried out from 05 March to 10 May 2018. The data evaluated were knowledge and compliance with HDMs with an inference of their effect on blood pressure control. Results: We recruited 330 participants at mean age of 60 ± 11 years, 37.9% men;57.3% with blood pressure (BP) controlled. Out of 330 subjects, 308 (93.3%) who had been educated about dietary health measures for hypertension were assessed on knowledge, compliance and effect of these measures against 22 (6.7%) who had never heard about them. Around 85.7% of participants had good knowledge of HDMs and 78.9% had good compliance with them. There was no statistically significant influence of knowledge and compliance with HDMs on blood pressure control. Conclusion: The level of knowledge and adherence to HDMs of hypertensive patients at the Douala General Hospital was appreciable. It is however appropriate for physicians to intensify patient education on HDMs and BP control.
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to assess the nurses’knowledge and compliance with infection control standard precautions and evaluate the impact of the designed infection control educational program on nurses’knowledge and compliance with standard precautions at the maternity hospital.Materials and Methods:A quasi‑experimental one‑group pretest‑posttest design was used on convenient sample of 60 nurses working at Obstetrics and Gynecological hospital in Cairo University Hospital,Kasr El Ainy,who received“designed infection control educational program”for 6 months.The data were collected through the questionnaire comprising demographics,knowledge,and compliance with standard precautions questionnaire.The nurses’knowledge and compliance score were compared before and after intervention.Results:The studied nurses had higher level of knowledge(85.3%)and compliance(92.8%)regarding infection control standard precautions after the educational program compared to before the program.The results revealed statistically significant difference between before and after the program regarding nurses’knowledge score(15.5±2.9 vs.17.1±1.6,P<0.001)and compliance score(58.5±13.2 vs.74.3±5.1,P<0.001).In addition,there was insignificant relation between nurses’knowledge and compliance with standard precautions both before(r=0.952,P=0.474)and after educational program(r=0.164,P=0.223).Conclusion:The nurses’level of knowledge and compliance regarding infection control standard precautions was significantly improved after the program.Therefore,it is recommended that periodical educational programs regarding the standard precautions of infection control are essential for nurses at maternity hospital.
文摘Background:Good adherence to post-operative exercise is crucial for long-term exercise intervention programs aimed at improving compliance,motivation for functional exercise,and quality of life among breast cancer patients.This study aims to evaluate the application effect of quality control circles on postoperative functional exercise compliance in breast neoplasm patients.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted in CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science and CINAHL databases from their establishment to May 06,2023.Manual search and backtracking of relevant literature were also conducted.The search terms included a combination of subject terms and free words.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software on eligible literature.Results:Initially,517 papers were retrieved,and after removing duplicates 238 papers using NoteExpress software,279 titles and abstracts were reviewed.Subsequently,225 non-compliant papers were excluded,leaving 54 full texts to be read.After excluding 38 non-compliant papers,16 eligible papers were included for Meta-analysis.These papers comprised a total of 1,342 patients(679 in the test group and 663 in the control group).The heterogeneity test using a fixed effects model showed P=0.22 and I2=21%.The Meta-analysis results demonstrated that the implementation of quality control circles alongside usual care significantly improved compliance with postoperative functional exercise in breast cancer patients(odds ratio=6.68,95%confidence interval(4.97,8.98),P<0.00001).Conclusion:Quality control circles activities can effectively enhance compliance with post-operative functional exercise among breast cancer patients,aiding in the recovery of affected limb function,improvement of self-care ability,and early reintegration into society and normal life,thereby enhancing quality of life.It is important to continually accumulate experience in applying relevant quality control circles activities in clinical work and promptly enhance the level of care accordingly,as the functional exercise of breast cancer patients after surgery involves a long-term and gradual improvement process.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2011AA041002)
文摘In the realm of quadruped robot locomotion,compliance control is imperative to handle impacts when negotiating unstructured terrains.At the same time,kinematic tracking accuracy should be guaranteed during locomotion.To meet both demands,ajoint space compliance controller is designed,so that compliance can be achieved in stance phase while position tracking performance can be guaranteed in swing phase.Unlike operational space compliance control,the joint space compliance control method is easy to implement and does not depend on robot dynamics.As for each joint actuator,high performance force control is of great importance for compliance design.Therefore,a nonlinear PI controller based on feedback linearization is proposed for the hydraulic actuator force control.Besides,an outer position loop(compliance loop)is closed for each joint.Experiments are carried out to verify the force controller and compliance of the hydraulic actuator.The robot leg compliance is assessed by a virtual prototyping simulation.
文摘Globally, infections acquired during childbirth contribute to one tenth of the maternal deaths annually [1] [2]. Factors predisposing to high risks of puerperal infections include non-compliance with Standard Precautions of Infection Control (SPIC), unhygienic births by unskilled birth attendants, multiple vaginal examinations, prolonged labour and premature rapture of membranes [1]. The main purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with compliance to standard precautions of infection control the management of labour by healthcare workers in Mulago Hospital to generate information, which may be used in infection control and prevention practices. A cross-sectional study utilizing a quantitative approach was conducted among 115 healthcare workers. Consecutive sampling was done to include respondents in the study. Data were collected by direct observation and researcher administered questionnaires. Data were coded and entered into the computer using SPSS version 20 with programmed quality control checks. Descriptive data analyses, frequencies, cross tabulations and logistic regression analysis were the major statistical methods used. 103 healthcare workers were involved in the study, where 74% were females. Overall compliance was at 52%, although it varied across domains. The majority of the healthcare workers (95.1%) did not comply with hand hygiene. Being a male was associated with low compliance scores a cross most domains. One of the hospital factors which was significantly associated with compliance to hand hygiene was having had an in-service training with p = 0.008 and p = 0.012 at multivariate analysis. Overall compliance to standard precautions of infection control was low compared to the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) recommendation. The findings in this study provide insight into individual and hospital related factors associated with compliance with standard precautions of infection control in the management of labour. There is an urgent need to put up interventions to improve on compliance with SPIC in management of labour among all healthcare workers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52075055 and U21A20124)the Strategic Basic Product Project from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,China(Grant No.TC220H064).
文摘Given the limited operating ability of a single robotic arm,dual-arm collaborative operations have become increasingly prominent.Compared with the electrically driven dual-arm manipulator,due to the unknown heavy load,difficulty in measuring contact forces,and control complexity during the closed-chain object transportation task,the hydraulic dual-arm manipulator(HDM)faces more difficulty in accurately tracking the desired motion trajectory,which may cause object deformation or even breakage.To overcome this problem,a compliance motion control method is proposed in this paper for the HDM.The mass parameter of the unknown object is obtained by using an adaptive method based on velocity error.Due to the difficulty in obtaining the actual internal force of the object,the pressure signal from the pressure sensor of the hydraulic system is used to estimate the contact force at the end-effector(EE)of two hydraulic manipulators(HMs).Further,the estimated contact force is used to calculate the actual internal force on the object.Then,a compliance motion controller is designed for HDM closed-chain collaboration.The position and internal force errors of the object are reduced by the feedback of the position,velocity,and internal force errors of the object to achieve the effect of the compliance motion of the HDM,i.e.,to reduce the motion error and internal force of the object.The required velocity and force at the EE of the two HMs,including the position and internal force errors of the object,are inputted into separate position controllers.In addition,the position controllers of the two individual HMs are designed to enable precise motion control by using the virtual decomposition control method.Finally,comparative experiments are carried out on a hydraulic dual-arm test bench.The proposed method is validated by the experimental results,which demonstrate improved object position accuracy and reduced internal force.
基金Project(81473694)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2016A1027)supported by the major Project of Zhongshan City,ChinaProject(2016FZFC007)supported by the Intelligent Equipment and Technology of Automation Research and Development Platform,China
文摘In order to guarantee safety and stability during physical human-robot-interaction(p HRI) in the occasion of service or industrial operation, a serial integrated rotary joint with the characteristics of passive and active compliance is proposed. Passive compliance is achieved by a designed elastic element, such that the compliant joint may minimize large force which occurs during accidental impacts and, further, may offer more accurate and stable force control and a capacity for energy storage. Meanwhile, the modeling of the compliant joint is comprehensively analyzed, including the effect of the motor model on the overall control system. In order to realize the active compliance, a new method of impedance control is proposed. On the basis of PD control, a more compliant impedance controller is introduced. Experimental results show that the serial integrated rotary joint can provide more effective safety compliance during physical interaction, which has also been well applied in our designed massage robot and rehabilitation robot.
文摘BACKGROUND The proficiency of nursing professionals in the infection prevention and control(IPC)practices is a core component of the strategy to mitigate the challenge of healthcare associated infections.AIM To test knowledge of nurses working in intensive care units(ICU)in South Asia and Middle East countries on IPC practices.METHODS An online self-assessment questionnaire based on various aspects of IPC practices was conducted among nurses over three weeks.RESULTS A total of 1333 nurses from 13 countries completed the survey.The average score was 72.8%and 36%of nurses were proficient(mean score>80%).43%and 68.3%of respondents were from government and teaching hospitals,respectively.79.2%of respondents worked in<25 bedded ICUs and 46.5%in closed ICUs.Statistically,a significant association was found between the knowledge and expertise of nurses,the country’s per-capita income,type of hospitals,accreditation and teaching status of hospitals and type of ICUs.Working in high-and upper-middleincome countries(β=4.89,95%CI:3.55 to 6.22)was positively associated,and the teaching status of the hospital(β=-4.58,95%CI:-6.81 to-2.36)was negatively associated with the knowledge score among respondents.CONCLUSION There is considerable variation in knowledge among nurses working in ICU.Factors like income status of countries,public vs private and teaching status of hospitals and experience are independently associated with nurses’knowledge of IPC practices.
文摘Vegetable oils are a source of energy, essential fatty acids, antioxidants and fat-soluble vitamins useful for human health care and development. These oils also contribute to organoleptic quality of their products’ derivatives. However, their chemical and physical properties can be modified by the mode of their extraction, storage and distribution. These modifications might negatively affect the nutritional quality of the oils. The goals of this study were to: sample different vegetable oils for cosmetic or dietary use marketed in Cameroon, and verify purity and oxidation states of each kind of oil through determination of its acidity, iodine, peroxide, saponification, refractive indexes and the conformity of the labeling. The carotene content, the level of polar components and specific absorbance were also determined. As the result, six oils namely palm, palm kernel, coconut, black cumin, peanut and shea butter were collected. Apart from labeling, chemicals and physicals parameters analyzed were generally in accordance with the Cameroonian and Codex Alimentarius standard. This study suggests that vegetable oils sampled in the Cameroonian market may not expose consumers to lipid oxidation products generating pathological oxidative stress and inflammation. However, efforts in application of existing standard need to be done as far as labeling are concerned.
文摘目的评价药师干预口服抗肿瘤药物患者用药依从性的成效。方法采用计算机检索PubMed,Web of Science,Embase及中国知网、维普和万方医学数据库中药师对口服抗肿瘤药物患者用药依从性进行干预的相关研究,检索时限为自建库起至2022年4月1日。采用Cochrane偏倚风险评价工具RoB2进行偏倚风险评价,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析,无法进行Meta分析的结局指标进行描述性统计。结果共纳入8项随机对照试验(RCT),涉及患者717例。常见的用药依从性干预措施为定期随访、用药教育和咨询。测量方法包括直接评估法和间接评估法,其中直接评估法通过测量血药浓度;间接评估法包括客观评估法(药片计数法和电子监测设备)和主观评估法(患者问卷调查)。4项以患者是否依从用药二分类变量为结局指标的RCT的Meta分析结果显示,药师对口服抗肿瘤药物患者进行药学干预可显著提高其用药依从性[OR=4.59,95%CI(1.09,19.29),P=0.04];亚组分析结果显示,采用主观评估法评估用药依从性的研究中,干预组的用药依从性显著提高[OR=6.84,95%CI(2.84,16.50),P<0.0001]。结论药师积极对口服抗肿瘤药物患者进行药学干预,可提高患者的用药依从性。