Classification of Big Data Security Based on Ontology Web Language

A vast amount of data (known as big data) may now be collected and stored from a variety of data sources, including event logs, the internet, smartphones, databases, sensors, cloud computing, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The term “big data security” refers to all the safeguards and instruments used to protect both the data and analytics processes against intrusions, theft, and other hostile actions that could endanger or adversely influence them. Beyond being a high-value and desirable target, protecting Big Data has particular difficulties. Big Data security does not fundamentally differ from conventional data security. Big Data security issues are caused by extraneous distinctions rather than fundamental ones. This study meticulously outlines the numerous security difficulties Large Data analytics now faces and encourages additional joint research for reducing both big data security challenges utilizing Ontology Web Language (OWL). Although we focus on the Security Challenges of Big Data in this essay, we will also briefly cover the broader Challenges of Big Data. The proposed classification of Big Data security based on ontology web language resulting from the protégé software has 32 classes and 45 subclasses.

基于上下结合法的战场态势信息本体构建

由于战场态势信息的来源复杂、数据结构和表达方式存在较大差异,建立统一的知识表达模型具有一定的挑战。本体作为语义化的概念模型,常被用于描述知识领域中的概念、关系和属性。提出了一种基于上下结合法的战场态势信息领域本体构建方法。采用自顶向下法构建上层本体,通过定义概念、关系和属性,设计上下位结构明确的概念层次结构模型,建立概念类之间的层级关系和语义关联。采用自底向上法构建底层本体,提出了一种基于双重聚合算法的本体抽取方法。TF-IDF获得实体的特征表示,利用K-means++初步抽象归纳出本体,利用凝聚式层次聚类算法进一步细分本体概念,定义本体之间的关系。使用描述语言OWL和编辑工具Protégé管理本体,最终构建了对战场态势信息进行一致性管理的知识本体模型BattleOnto,在指挥员做出决策时提供支持和帮助。

Implementation of Enterprises Interoperation Based on Ontology

The interoperation among enterprises in e-business could block the ambient semantic collaboration and cause a big problem since varying information descriptions and different data models may be used in different enterprises＇ information systems. Ontology is an important tool to overcome the above mentioned syntax and semantic misunderstanding problem. Our goal is to provide a user-friendly environment supporting syntax and neutral format data model for business information. In this paper, two scenarios are discussed and a unified description of data model is developed to solve the gap in interoperation through mapping from logical data of enterprise＇s information system. It provides the methods to realize the mapping among different types of data or information. First, database and other types of information are transformed into neutral format that are described by web ontology language （OWL）. Second, the neutral format can be mapped into the semantic entities and semantic linking through the process of extraction and annotation and added into ontology and then described in a standard format that makes the collaboration be understood easily.

Description method of conceptual model based on the ontology

The conceptual model is the first time abstraction ceptual model description method based on the UML and the of the real world. The traditional con- text usually has the semantic ambiguity problem. The formal description method lacks the mechanism of integrity and consistency check. Therefore both of them cannot support the simulation scenario description and the model compos- ability. A simulation conceptual description method based on ontology is put forward. According to the OWL language which was put forward by the W3C organization, a conceptual model description language is established. The OWL language semantic element in the description function in the mili- tary conceptual model is introduced. Then two layers of the military conceptual model framework are built up based on the general ontology and the domain ontology. In the general ontology, the class and property definition are given. While in the domain ontology, they are extended and a relat- ed example is given. The technique advantages of our method include the mechanism of conceptual model consistency and integrity check, the support of composable simulation models, and automatic creation of simulation scenario.

An OWL-based WordNet lexical ontology

This paper discribes a data representation for WordNet 2.1 based on Web Ontology Language (OWL). The main components of WordNet database are transformed as classes in OWL, and the relations between synsets or lexcial words are transformed as OWL properties. Our conversion is based on the data file of WordNet instead of the Prolog database. This work can be used to enrich the work in progress of standard conversion of WordNet to the RDF/OWL representation at W3C.

Generalized Testability Scheme Modeling of Materiel System Based on Information Ontology

A mode of ontology-based information integration and management( OIIM) for testability scheme was proposed through expatiating on the connotation of the system testability scheme.Aiming at the complexity of influencing factors in optimal design procedure of the testability scheme, the information of concept entities,concept attributions and concept relationships was analyzed and extracted,and then the testability scheme information ontology( TSIO) was built and coded via web ontology language( OWL).Based on the information ontology, the generalized model for testability scheme( GMTS) was founded by defining transformation rules. The primary study shows that the mode of OIIM for testability scheme can make up the deficiencies in knowledge representation and reasoning existing in traditional information models,and achieve the information share and reuse. It provides the effectual model basis for the optimal design of the testability scheme.

On the representation of roles

The related work to reveal the primary characteristics of roles underlying the existing approaches is analyzed. Then, it is demonstrated that the representation of roles is rather complex and error-prone in these approaches. Especially, the constraints among roles in the same context cannot be expressed by the current web ontology language （OWL）. To solve these problems, a novel model of role is presented and a corresponding ontology language is provided for representing this model. The key idea underlying the solution is that a role should be regarded as an element of a certain context and a context as a structured thing which is comprised of some internal elements. The structure of context possesses inherent modularity and local semantics, whereby the representation of roles and context is significantly simplified.

Development and Research on the Internet Resources Aggregation Platform

We proposed an Intemet resource aggregation platform based on semantic web. The platform includes an Web Ontology Language（OWL） ontology design toolkit（VO-Editor） and a selective inference algorithm engine so that it can visually editing ontology and using novel selective reasoning for information aggregation. We introduce the VO-Editor and the principle of selective inference algorithm. At last a case of budget travel system is used to interpret the approach of Internet resources aggregation by this platform.

Uncertain Knowledge Reasoning Based on the Fuzzy Multi Entity Bayesian Networks

With the rapid development of the semantic web and the ever-growing size of uncertain data,representing and reasoning uncertain information has become a great challenge for the semantic web application developers.In this paper,we present a novel reasoning framework based on the representation of fuzzy PR-OWL.Firstly,the paper gives an overview of the previous research work on uncertainty knowledge representation and reasoning,incorporates Ontology into the fuzzy Multi Entity Bayesian Networks theory,and introduces fuzzy PR-OWL,an Ontology language based on OWL2.Fuzzy PROWL describes fuzzy semantics and uncertain relations and gives grammatical definition and semantic interpretation.Secondly,the paper explains the integration of the Fuzzy Probability theory and the Belief Propagation algorithm.The influencing factors of fuzzy rules are added to the belief that is propagated between the nodes to create a reasoning framework based on fuzzy PR-OWL.After that,the reasoning process,including the SSFBN structure algorithm,data fuzzification,reasoning of fuzzy rules,and fuzzy belief propagation,is scheduled.Finally,compared with the classical algorithm from the aspect of accuracy and time complexity,our uncertain data representation and reasoning method has higher accuracy without significantly increasing time complexity,which proves the feasibility and validity of our solution to represent and reason uncertain information.

AN IMPROVED HYBRID SEMANTIC MATCHING ALGORITHM WITH LEXICAL SIMILARITY

In this paper, we proposed an improved hybrid semantic matching algorithm combining Input/Output (I/O) semantic matching with text lexical similarity to overcome the disadvantage that the existing semantic matching algorithms were unable to distinguish those services with the same I/O by only performing I/O based service signature matching in semantic web service discovery techniques. The improved algorithm consists of two steps, the first is logic based I/O concept ontology matching, through which the candidate service set is obtained and the second is the service name matching with lexical similarity against the candidate service set, through which the final precise matching result is concluded. Using Ontology Web Language for Services (OWL-S) test collection, we tested our hybrid algorithm and compared it with OWL-S Matchmaker-X (OWLS-MX), the experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm could pick out the most suitable advertised service corresponding to user's request from very similar ones and provide better matching precision and efficiency than OWLS-MX.

An Edge-Based Approach for Semantic Matchmaking of Service Capabilities

Semantic Web Services is an emerging technology that promises to enable dynamic, execution-time discovery, composition, and invocation of Web Services. Semantic matchmaking plays a vital role in the automated and dynamic discovery process of Semantic Web Services and consists in measuring the semantic distance between a requested service and an advertised one. In this paper, an innovative approach to effectively compute the semantic distance between Ontology Web Language for Services （OWL-S） annotated services is proposed. First, an edge-based method for measuring the semantic distance between Web Ontology Language （OWL） concepts is presented. Then, a comparison of the proposed measure and the one presented in a recent related work is made in order to show that our method is more efficient and fine-grained. Finally, some equations to compute semantic matchmaking of service capabilities, which are expressed in terms of inputs and outputs, are presented.

Integrating NLP and Ontology Matching into a Unified System for Automated Information Extraction from Geological Hazard Reports

Many detailed data on past geological hazard events are buried in geological hazard reports and have not been fully utilized. The growing developments in geographic information retrieval and temporal information retrieval offer opportunities to analyse this wealth of data to mine the spatiotemporal evolution of geological disaster occurrence and enhance risk decision making. This study presents a combined NLP and ontology matching information extraction framework for automatically recognizing semantic and spatiotemporal information from geological hazard reports. This framework mainly extracts unstructured information from geological disaster reports through named entity recognition, ontology matching and gazetteer matching to identify and annotate elements, thus enabling users to quickly obtain key information and understand the general content of disaster reports. In addition, we present the final results obtained from the experiments through a reasonable visualization and analyse the visual results. The extraction and retrieval of semantic information related to the dynamics of geohazard events are performed from both natural and human perspectives to provide information on the progress of events.

An XPath-based OWL storage model for effective ontology management in Semantic Web environment

With the rapid growth of the Web, the volume of information on the Web is increasing exponentially. However, information on the current Web is only understandable to humans, and this makes precise information retrieval difficult. To solve this problem, the Semantic Web was proposed. We must use ontology languages that can assign data the semantics for realizing the Semantic Web. One of the representative ontology languages is the Web ontology language OWL, adopted as a recommen-dation by the World-Wide Web Consortium (W3C). OWL includes hierarchical structural information between classes or prop-erties. Therefore, an efficient OWL storage model that considers a hierarchical structure for effective information retrieval on the Semantic Web is required. In this paper we suggest an XPath-based OWL storage (XPOS) model, which includes hierarchical information between classes or properties in XPath form, and enables intuitive and effective information retrieval. Also, we show the comparative evaluation results for the performance of the XPOS model, Sesame, and the XML file system-based storage (XFSS) model, in terms of query processing and ontology updating.

Towards a Service-Oriented Architecture for a Mobile Assistive System with Real-time Environmental Sensing

With the growing aging population, age-related diseases have increased considerably over the years.In response to these, Ambient Assistive Living（AAL） systems are being developed and are continually evolving to enrich and support independent living. While most researchers investigate robust Activity Recognition（AR）techniques, this paper focuses on some of the architectural challenges of the AAL systems. This work proposes a system architecture that fuses varying software design patterns and integrates readily available hardware devices to create Wireless Sensor Networks（WSNs） for real-time applications. The system architecture brings together the Service-Oriented Architecture（SOA）, semantic web technologies, and other methods to address some of the shortcomings of the preceding system implementations using off-the-shelf and open source components. In order to validate the proposed architecture, a prototype is developed and tested positively to recognize basic user activities in real time. The system provides a base that can be further extended in many areas of AAL systems,including composite AR.