HiLog:OpenHarmony的高性能日志系统

日志是计算机系统中记录事件状态信息的的重要载体,日志系统负责计算机系统的日志生成、收集和输出.OpenHarmony是新兴的、面向全设备、全场景的开源操作系统.在所述工作之前,包括日志系统在内OpenHarmony有许多关键子系统尚未构建,而OpenHarmony的开源特性使第三方开发者可以为其贡献核心代码.为了解决Open Harmony日志系统缺乏的问题,主要开展如下工作:(1)分析当今主流日志系统的技术架构和优缺点;(2)基于OpenHarmony操作系统的异构设备互联特性设计HiLog日志系统模型规范;(3)设计并实现第1个面向OpenHarmony的日志系统HiLog,并贡献到OpenHarmony主线;(4)对HiLog日志系统的关键指标进行测试和对比试验.实验数据表明,在基础性能方面,HiLog和Log的日志写入阶段吞吐量分别为1500 KB/s和700 KB/s,相比Android日志系统吞吐量提升114%;在日志持久化方面,HiLog可以3.5%的压缩率进行持久化,并且丢包率小于6‰,远低于Log.此外,HiLog还具备数据安全、流量控制等新型实用能力.

LSTM-based lane change prediction using Waymo open motion dataset: The role of vehicle operating space

Lane change prediction is critical for crash avoidance but challenging as it requires the understanding of the instantaneous driving environment.With cutting-edge artificial intelligence and sensing technologies,autonomous vehicles(AVs)are expected to have exceptional perception systems to capture instantaneously their driving environments for predicting lane changes.By exploring the Waymo open motion dataset,this study proposes a framework to explore autonomous driving data and investigate lane change behaviors.In the framework,this study develops a Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)model to predict lane changing behaviors.The concept of Vehicle Operating Space(VOS)is introduced to quantify a vehicle's instantaneous driving environment as an important indicator used to predict vehicle lane changes.To examine the robustness of the model,a series of sensitivity analysis are conducted by varying the feature selection,prediction horizon,and training data balancing ratios.The test results show that including VOS into modeling can speed up the loss decay in the training process and lead to higher accuracy and recall for predicting lane-change behaviors.This study offers an example along with a methodological framework for transportation researchers to use emerging autonomous driving data to investigate driving behaviors and traffic environments.

New application of open source data and Rock Engineering System for debris flow susceptibility analysis

This research describes a quantitative,rapid,and low-cost methodology for debris flow susceptibility evaluation at the basin scale using open-access data and geodatabases.The proposed approach can aid decision makers in land management and territorial planning,by first screening for areas with a higher debris flow susceptibility.Five environmental predisposing factors,namely,bedrock lithology,fracture network,quaternary deposits,slope inclination,and hydrographic network,were selected as independent parameters and their mutual interactions were described and quantified using the Rock Engineering System(RES)methodology.For each parameter,specific indexes were proposed,aiming to provide a final synthetic and representative index of debris flow susceptibility at the basin scale.The methodology was tested in four basins located in the Upper Susa Valley(NW Italian Alps)where debris flow events are the predominant natural hazard.The proposed matrix can represent a useful standardized tool,universally applicable,since it is independent of type and characteristic of the basin.

Bolzano Traffic: An Example of Open ITS Deployment for Advanced Traveller Information Services

This paper aims to present the experience gathered in the Italian alpine city of Bolzano within the project“Bolzano Traffic”whose goal is the introduction of an experimental open ITS platform for local service providers,fostering the diffusion of advanced traveller information services and the future deployment of cooperative mobility systems in the region.Several end-users applications targeted to the needs of different user groups have been developed in collaboration with local companies and research centers;a partnership with the EU Co-Cities project has been activated as well.The implemented services rely on real-time travel and traffic information collected by urban traffic monitoring systems or published by local stakeholders(e.g.public transportation operators).An active involvement of end-users,who have recently started testing these demo applications for free,is actually on-going.

Government Data Openness and Coverage. How do They Affect Trust in European Countries?

Purpose: This paper aims to assess if the extent of openness and the coverage of data sets released by European governments have a significant impact on citizen trust in public institutions.Design/methodology/approach: Data for openness and coverage have been collected from the Open Data Inventory 2018(ODIN), by Open Data Watch;institutional trust is built up as a formative construct based on the European Social Survey(ESS), Round 9. The relations between the open government data features and trust have been tested on the basis of structural equation modelling(SEM).Findings: The paper reveals that as European governments improve data openness, disaggregation, and time coverage, people tend to trust them more. However, the size of the effect is still small and, comparatively, data coverage effect on citizens' confidence is more than twice than the impact of openness.Research limitations: This paper analyzes the causal effect of Open Government Data(OGD) features captured in a certain moment of time. In upcoming years, as OGD is implemented and a more consistent effect on people is expected, time series analysis will provide with a deeper insight.Practical implications: Public officers should continue working in the development of a technological framework that contributes to make OGD truly open. They should improve the added value of the increasing amount of open data currently available in order to boost internal and external innovations valuable both for public agencies and citizens.Originality/value: In a field of knowledge with little quantitative empirical evidence, this paper provides updated support for the positive effect of OGD strategies and it also points out areas of improvement in terms of the value that citizens can get from OGD coverage and openness.

Why Open Government Data? The Case of a Swedish Municipality

Purpose: The purpose of this exploratory study is to provide modern local governments with potential use cases for their open data, in order to help inform related future policies and decision-making. The concrete context was that of the Vaxjo municipality located in southeastern Sweden.Design/methodology/approach: The methodology was two-fold: 1) a survey of potential end users(n=151) from a local university;and, 2) analysis of survey results using a theoretical model regarding local strategies for implementing open government data.Findings: Most datasets predicted to be useful were on: sustainability and environment;preschool and school;municipality and politics. The use context given is primarily research and development, informing policies and decision making;but also education, informing personal choices, informing citizens and creating services based on open data. Not the least, the need for educating target user groups on data literacy emerged. A tentative pattern comprising a technical perspective on open data and a social perspective on open government was identified. Research limitations: In line with available funding, the nature of the study was exploratory and implemented as an anonymous web-based survey of employees and students at the local university. Further research involving(qualitative) surveys with all stakeholders would allow for creating a more complete picture of the matter. Practical implications: The study determines potential use cases and use contexts for open government data, in order to help inform related future policies and decision-making.Originality/value: Modern local governments, and especially in Sweden, are faced with a challenge of how to make their data open, how to learn about which types of data will be most relevant for their end users and what will be different societal purposes. The paper contributes to knowledge that modern local governments can resort to when it comes to attitudes of local citizens to open government data in the context of an open government data perspective.

FAIR + FIT: Guiding Principles and Functional Metrics for Linked Open Data(LOD) KOS Products

Purpose:To develop a set of metrics and identify criteria for assessing the functionality of LOD KOS products while providing common guiding principles that can be used by LOD KOS producers and users to maximize the functions and usages of LOD KOS products.Design/methodology/approach:Data collection and analysis were conducted at three time periods in 2015–16,2017 and 2019.The sample data used in the comprehensive data analysis comprises all datasets tagged as types of KOS in the Datahub and extracted through their respective SPARQL endpoints.A comparative study of the LOD KOS collected from terminology services Linked Open Vocabularies(LOV)and BioPortal was also performed.Findings:The study proposes a set of Functional,Impactful and Transformable(FIT)metrics for LOD KOS as value vocabularies.The FAIR principles,with additional recommendations,are presented for LOD KOS as open data.Research limitations:The metrics need to be further tested and aligned with the best practices and international standards of both open data and various types of KOS.Practical implications:Assessment performed with FAIR and FIT metrics support the creation and delivery of user-friendly,discoverable and interoperable LOD KOS datasets which can be used for innovative applications,act as a knowledge base,become a foundation of semantic analysis and entity extractions and enhance research in science and the humanities.Originality/value:Our research provides best practice guidelines for LOD KOS as value vocabularies.

Research on the Opening of Adverse Drug Reaction Data in the EU

Systematically analyze the composition of post-marketing adverse drug reaction data and the open mode in the EU, and summarize its characteristics. EU post-marketing ADR data is open to six categories of stakeholders: EMA, EC, medicines regulatory authorities in EEA member states, healthcare professionals and the public, Marketing Authorization Holders, academia, WHO and medicines regulatory authorities in third countries. The EU has implemented hierarchical opening for ADRs, with different levels containing different data and facing different stakeholders. Openness is divided into active and passive openness. In opening up data, the EU complies with relevant personal data protection laws to protect the privacy of individuals. The EU’s post-marketing adverse drug reaction data openness is characterized by a combination of data openness and privacy protection, active and passive openness, and a hierarchy of data openness. It is hoped that this can provide a reference for the opening up of post-marketing adverse drug reaction data in China.

Public Communication in the Processes of Transparency and Accountability in the Era of Open Data

In recent years, transparency and accountability seem to find new impulse, with the development of ICT （information and communication technology） and the prospective of open data that invest the public system at a national and supranational level. Public institutions tend to make available to the public, more data and information concerning the administration, the manner of use of public goods and resources. At the same time, each institution is called upon to deal with the demand of transparency and participation by citizens who increasingly use Internet 2.0 and social media. After a reflection on how public administrations acted in the phase of Web 1.0 to practice transparency and accountability in terms of communication, this paper considers the elements of continuity and the new opportunities linked to the advent of Web 2.0 and open data. At the end of this analysis, the focus is on the strengths and weaknesses of this process, with a particular attention to the role of the public communication.

国家海洋科学数据中心建设与发展实践

科学数据是国家科技创新和经济社会发展的重要基础性战略资源。国家海洋科学数据中心作为科技部和财政部首批认定的20个国家科学数据中心之一,以打造海洋领域的基础支撑与条件保障类国家科技创新基地为发展定位。成立4年来,在科技部和自然资源部的支持及依托单位和共建单位的共同努力下,各项工作取得突破性进展,为持续推动海洋科学数据共享奠定了扎实的基础。本文回顾了国家海洋科学数据中心的发展历程,从运行管理和标准规范、数据资源体系建设、关键技术应用与工具研制、数据共享服务平台建设等方面系统总结了该中心在海洋科学数据共享领域的建设进展与成效,并提出下一步发展建议与前景展望。

优化作者服务,助力期刊高质量发展——以Journal of Systematics and Evolution为例

通过优化作者服务,树立期刊品牌形象,提升期刊的学术影响力,推动学术期刊高质量发展。文章以Journal of Systematics and Evolution为研究案例,梳理分析了期刊在优化作者服务方面所作的探索,并总结了三个行之有效的方法:加强投稿审稿系统和审稿人团队的建设,优化作者投稿体验;积极探索开放科学模式,促进科研成果无障碍传播;多途径为作者提供资金支持。以期为我国学术期刊高质量发展提供借鉴。

世界一流大学开放科学数据政策体系框架及内容要素研究

[目的/意义]针对世界一流大学制定的开放科学数据政策体系展开调研分析,以期为国内科研机构制定与完善开放科学数据政策体系提出政策建议。[方法/过程]本研究首先调研了世界一流大学制定的开放科学数据政策体系,其次归纳了其开放科学数据政策体系所包含的政策类型及涉及的相关政策法规,然后分析了各个政策类型应涵盖的与开放科学数据相关的政策内容要素,最后针对我国科研机构制定与完善开放科学数据政策体系提出了政策建议。[结果/结论]建议国内科研机构参考与借鉴世界一流大学的先进政策实践,尽快制定涵盖个人数据保护、科研档案管理、科研诚信管理、科研伦理治理、知识产权保护、数据安全管理等相关政策的开放科学数据政策体系,在政策制定层面支持科学数据、原始资料、科研档案的协同管理,以期确保在科学数据全生命周期内遵守近年来持续调整的各类相关政策法规,并关注科研机构与资助机构、出版机构、数据知识库等其他利益相关者制定的开放科学数据政策之间的政策协同问题。

政府旅游数据开放的评价指标体系构建与组态分析:基于21个省级行政区的数据

在信息时代和智慧旅游背景下,政府主动对外开放内部的旅游数据,有利于充分释放旅游数据资源的商业价值与社会价值。使用变异系数法与熵权法进行组合赋权,构建了政府旅游数据开放评价指标体系,计算21个省级行政区的具体得分,并采用模糊集定性比较方法进行高评价值与低评价值条件组态分析。结果表明:指标体系包含4项一级指标、17项二级指标与51项三级指标,可以对当前省级行政区的旅游数据开放绩效进行有效评价;利用层、数据层是权重较高的一级指标,法律政策效率与内容、平台关系等是权重较高的二级指标;高评价值组态为综合发展型、数据辅助应用型,低评价值组态为政策与利用短板型、平台与数据问题型。研究结果可以为旅游数据开放评价相关学术研究与管理实践提供参考。

Utilization of Open Source Spatial Data for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping at Chittagong District of Bangladesh—An Appraisal for Disaster Risk Reduction and Mitigation Approach

Since creation of spatial data is a costly and time consuming process, researchers, in this domain, in most of the cases rely on open source spatial attributes for their specific purpose. Likewise, the present research aims at mapping landslide susceptibility at the metropolitan area of Chittagong district of Bangladesh utilizing obtainable open source spatial data from various web portals. In this regard, we targeted a study region where rainfall induced landslides reportedly causes causalities as well as property damage each year. In this study, however, we employed multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) technique i.e., heuristic, a knowledge driven approach based on expert opinions from various discipline for landslide susceptibility mapping combining nine causative factors—geomorphology, geology, land use/land cover (LULC), slope, aspect, plan curvature, drainage distance, relative relief and vegetation in geographic information system (GIS) environment. The final susceptibility map was devised into five hazard classes viz., very low, low, moderate, high, and very high, representing 22 km2 (13%), 90 km2 (53%);24 km2 (15%);22 km2 (13%) and 10 km2 (6%) areas respectively. This particular study might be beneficial to the local authorities and other stake-holders, concerned in disaster risk reduction and mitigation activities. Moreover this study can also be advantageous for risk sensitive land use planning in the study area.

欧盟数据治理政策法规体系研究

欧盟是数据保护的先行者和标杆,已在数据治理方面颁布并实施众多政策法规,形成较完善的数据治理政策法规体系。研究欧盟的数据治理政策法规,有助于推动我国建立完善的数据治理体系。通过对欧盟的数据治理政策、法规进行编码,从立法层、监管层、执行层3个层面对欧盟数据治理主体进行分析,从个人数据治理、公共数据治理、人工智能数据治理、企业数据治理、网络数据治理5个方面对欧盟数据治理客体进行分析,发现欧盟已经形成层层递进、相互协调配合的较为完善的数据治理政策法规体系:宏观层面整体谋划,引领数据治理发展;中观层面支撑保障,协调政策实施;微观层面详细说明,指导数据治理具体实践。因此,可借鉴欧盟数据治理之策,构建并完善我国数据治理体系。

智能遥感影像运维平台系统设计与实现

遥感技术是保障自然资源监测监管的重要支撑,而遥感数据存储分发的自动化、智能化水平是影响发现问题及时性、准确性的重要因素。针对省级部门海量遥感数据管理现状,设计并实现了一个集卫星遥感影像数据管理、数据加工、数据分发、专题服务和业务支撑为一体的新型卫星遥感影像应用服务系统平台。平台旨在解决传统遥感数据管理存在的问题,满足不同用户高并发多样化的需求,提供定制化的数据检索和合理的分发共享机制,使遥感影像数据开放共享成为现实。

Search for production of dark fermion candidates in association with heavy neutral gauge boson decaying to dimuon in proton-proton collisions at√s=8 TeV using CMS open data

In this study,we conducted a search for dark matter using a part of the data recorded by the CMS experiment during run-I of the LHC in 2012 with a center of mass energy of 8 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 11.6 fb−1.These data were gathered from the CMS open data.Dark matter,in the framework of the simplified model(mono-Z′),can be produced from proton-proton collisions in association with a new hypothetical gauge boson,Z′.Thus,the search was conducted in the dimuon plus large missing transverse momentum channel.One benchmark scenario of mono-Z′,which is known as light vector,was used for interpreting the CMS open data.No evidence of dark matter was observed,and exclusion limits were set on the masses of dark matter and Z′at 95%confidence level.

澳大利亚科学数据发展政策与规划

澳大利亚非常重视科学数据资源的有效管理,将数据作为创新发展的关键驱动力,协调和整合数字基础设施建设,并将数据开放作为公共部门的首要任务之一。为有效推进澳大利亚科学数据发展,实施科学数据作为资产的有效管理和开放共享,保证数据资源的可发现、可访问和可使用。澳大利亚在各个阶段制定了不同政策,形成了不同层级的支持和监管机构,为政府政策制定、战略规划和计划服务实施提供强有力的保障。本文基于大量文献和网站信息资源进行筛选、提取、分析与整理,重点对澳大利亚科学数据的政策体系构建、支持和监管机构、战略规划支持、基础设施建设与实践成效等进行全面梳理和分析。这将为我国在制定科学数据政策管理体系,建立健全数据资源共享机制,强化数据安全保障体系等方面提供参考。

Exploiting open source omics data to advance pancreas research

The"omics"revolution has transformed the biomedical research landscape by equipping scientists with the ability to interrogate complex biological phenomenon and disease processes at an unprecedented level.The volume of"big"data generated by the different omics studies such as genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics has led to the concurrent development of computational tools to enable in silico analysis and aid data deconvolution.Considering the intensive resources and high costs required to generate and analyze big data,there has been centralized,collaborative efforts to make the data and analysis tools freely available as"Open Source,"to benefit the wider research community.Pancreatology research studies have contributed to this"big data rush"and have additionally benefitted from utilizing the open source data as evidenced by the increasing number of new research findings and publications that stem from such data.In this review,we briefly introduce the evolution of open source omics data,data types,the"FAIR"guiding principles for data management and reuse,and centralized platforms that enable free and fair data accessibility,availability,and provide tools for omics data analysis.We illustrate,through the case study of our own experience in mining pancreatitis omics data,the power of repurposing open source data to answer translationally relevant questions in pancreas research.

论作为数字行政执法方式的行政行为码

数字信息技术与行政权力的融合为以法治为中心的政府治理带来挑战,而行政行为码作为数字行政执法方式的应用是数治与法治结合的重要体现,并蕴含着整体智治下对行政执法体制一体化塑造的制度逻辑、行政自制论对数字赋能与赋权关系重塑的理论逻辑以及行政效能对行政执法全流程覆盖的实践逻辑。行政行为码以统一赋码、一码关联、一码查询与一码追踪的实践运行机理,兼具政府信息公开与政府数据开放的法律性质,也为拓展应用奠定了理论基础。与此同时作为数字新兴执法方式的行政行为码由于规制理念的不明确、规则体系不健全以及功能应用程度不足,限制其应用场景与空间。在未来,行政行为码应从理念更新、规范控制和功能拓展三个方面进行塑形,推动行政行为码的功能实现与广泛应用。