Why Open Government Data? The Case of a Swedish Municipality

Purpose: The purpose of this exploratory study is to provide modern local governments with potential use cases for their open data, in order to help inform related future policies and decision-making. The concrete context was that of the Vaxjo municipality located in southeastern Sweden.Design/methodology/approach: The methodology was two-fold: 1) a survey of potential end users(n=151) from a local university;and, 2) analysis of survey results using a theoretical model regarding local strategies for implementing open government data.Findings: Most datasets predicted to be useful were on: sustainability and environment;preschool and school;municipality and politics. The use context given is primarily research and development, informing policies and decision making;but also education, informing personal choices, informing citizens and creating services based on open data. Not the least, the need for educating target user groups on data literacy emerged. A tentative pattern comprising a technical perspective on open data and a social perspective on open government was identified. Research limitations: In line with available funding, the nature of the study was exploratory and implemented as an anonymous web-based survey of employees and students at the local university. Further research involving(qualitative) surveys with all stakeholders would allow for creating a more complete picture of the matter. Practical implications: The study determines potential use cases and use contexts for open government data, in order to help inform related future policies and decision-making.Originality/value: Modern local governments, and especially in Sweden, are faced with a challenge of how to make their data open, how to learn about which types of data will be most relevant for their end users and what will be different societal purposes. The paper contributes to knowledge that modern local governments can resort to when it comes to attitudes of local citizens to open government data in the context of an open government data perspective.

Open Government and ＂E-Government＂ in Russia

With the advent and widespread information and communication technologies, pace of human activity has accelerated markedly new industries, new management techniques. And in the world community, now prevalent idea of democracy with equal rights and freedoms for all citizens of a democratic state is a risk and a challenge to the integrity of a community. Against this background, it becomes important not only process control, but also a system of communication between society and the state. For effective interaction between society and the state, the government needs a new, streamlined platform for the provision of public services. This site was e-government. Currently, the concept of ＂open government＂ is implemented in the administration of the state in all developed countries. This paper deals with modern communication mechanism of the state and society in Russia, for example, ＂e-government＂, and the effectiveness of this mechanism in the process of changing demands of society.

Regulations on Open Government Information

On April 24, 2007 the State Council promulgated Regulations of the People＇s Republic of China on Open Governrnent Information （referred to as Regulations below）, which will become effective on May 1, 2008. As the first administrative role of the central government of China that aims to safeguard the public＇s right to know, the Regulations are of great significance in China＇s democratization and its establishment of the role of law.

Government Data Openness and Coverage. How do They Affect Trust in European Countries?

Purpose: This paper aims to assess if the extent of openness and the coverage of data sets released by European governments have a significant impact on citizen trust in public institutions.Design/methodology/approach: Data for openness and coverage have been collected from the Open Data Inventory 2018(ODIN), by Open Data Watch;institutional trust is built up as a formative construct based on the European Social Survey(ESS), Round 9. The relations between the open government data features and trust have been tested on the basis of structural equation modelling(SEM).Findings: The paper reveals that as European governments improve data openness, disaggregation, and time coverage, people tend to trust them more. However, the size of the effect is still small and, comparatively, data coverage effect on citizens' confidence is more than twice than the impact of openness.Research limitations: This paper analyzes the causal effect of Open Government Data(OGD) features captured in a certain moment of time. In upcoming years, as OGD is implemented and a more consistent effect on people is expected, time series analysis will provide with a deeper insight.Practical implications: Public officers should continue working in the development of a technological framework that contributes to make OGD truly open. They should improve the added value of the increasing amount of open data currently available in order to boost internal and external innovations valuable both for public agencies and citizens.Originality/value: In a field of knowledge with little quantitative empirical evidence, this paper provides updated support for the positive effect of OGD strategies and it also points out areas of improvement in terms of the value that citizens can get from OGD coverage and openness.

Construction of an evaluation system for information openness of local governments

Evaluating government openness is important in monitoring government performance and promoting government transparency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an evaluation system for information openness of local governments. In order to select evaluation indicators, we conducted a content analysis on current evaluation systems constructed by researchers and local governments and the materials of a case study on a local government. This evaluation system is composed of 5 first-tier indicators, 30 secondtier indicators and 69 third-tier indicators. Then Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) Method are adopted to determine the weight of each indicator. At last, the practicability of the system is tested by an evaluation of the local government of Tianjin Binhai New Area, which has been undergoing administrative reform and attempting to reinvent itself in the past 5 years.

周边外交与边疆治理现代化

我国边疆省区与周边国家存在天然的地缘关系,不仅地缘经济合作广,地缘文化互嵌深,而且跨界社会交往频度高。以往的边疆治理具有明显的内向性特点,缺乏与跨境区域治理相衔接、相统筹,制约了边疆治理效能。随着我国加快构建新发展格局和推进“一带一路”高质量发展战略的提出,更加注重发展与周边国家的关系成为边疆治理的重要职责。做好周边外交工作不仅是边疆省区充分利用好“两种资源”和“两个市场”的需要,也是主动经略和塑造周边安全态势、维护边疆安全稳定的需要,还是促进边疆省区加快融入和服务“一带一路”建设的需要。周边外交是全方位多层次的立体外交,不能仅靠政府外交来实现,还需要整合边疆省区丰富外交资源,构建以政府外交为主导,以民间外交为主体,以公共外交为重点的周边外交新格局,这样才能适应边疆治理现代化的需要。

论政府公共服务的顾客满意度测量

和谐社会是全面系统的和谐,强调以人为本。这就要求政府公共服务职能要重视公众对于政府公共服务的满意度并适当采取自下而上的评估测量方式。同时政府公共服务的全面质量管理也蕴涵了政府公共服务的顾客导向。在分析了公共服务中顾客的定义和分类以及顾客导向的含义之后,介绍了顾客满意度测量的基本模型并重点分析了我国政府公共服务的顾客满意度测量模型指标体系的构建,以及顾客满意度测量在我国政府窗口服务部门开展的操作可行性。

开源软件的采纳与应用:政府组织环境中的案例实证

开源软件的社会性协作特点在全球软件行业发展和Web 2.0新兴应用扩散中产生了深刻的影响,其采纳对于政府组织服务能力提升所具有的作用也逐渐得到国内外学术界的关注.基于组织层面信息通信技术采纳的TOE框架,提出了一个政府组织环境下的开源软件采纳影响因素模型,并运用案例分析的研究方法,在北京市政府部门中开展了针对性的访谈调研,对模型进行了实证检验和修正,同时使用该模型分析了北京市政府部门开源软件采纳现状及其成因,研究结果较好地显示了该模型的解释能力.在此基础上,提出了关于政府部门开源软件采纳问题的政策建议.

政府信息立法及权利义务分析

本文从我国政府信息立法的问题出发 ,介绍了国外的相关法规 ,系统提出了政府信息法律体系的权利与义务应包括的具体内容 ,即包括政府信息收集权、保密权、传播权与发布权及信息公开的义务 ,并强调了政府信息权利与义务的对等性原则。同时 ,针对我国忽视政府信息开放的问题 。

企业投资对南北经济差距的影响研究

中国经济发展进入新常态以来,南北经济差距现象逐渐受到关注,本文选取在营企业注册资本额这一指标分析了我国南北经济差距的主要表现:南北差距持续拉大,且以2013年为界呈现两阶段特征。基于此,本文采用2002~2020年中国285个地级市面板数据,通过构建计量经济模型,从供给侧视角分析企业投资对全国、北方及南方地区经济增长的影响,探讨企业投资是否是拉大我国南北经济差距的重要因素,并通过构建面板门槛回归模型,进一步探究在对外开放和政府干预条件下企业投资对经济增长的影响。研究结果表明:(1)企业投资对南、北方地区经济增长均存在显著的正向影响,且对南方经济增长的促进作用远高于北方地区,加之南方地区企业获取的投资额远高于北方地区,故南北差距进一步拉大;(2)以2013年为界,南、北方地区企业投资的经济效应均逐渐减弱,但企业投资对南方经济增长的促进作用始终高于北方地区;(3)无论是北方地区还是南方地区,企业投资对区域经济增长的促进效应均会随着对外开放的提高而减弱;(4)就北方地区而言,企业投资对区域经济增长的正向影响效应随着政府干预的降低而增强,而对于南方地区则不存在明显的门槛效应。整体上看,企业投资在一定程度上拉大了我国的南北经济差距,且南、北方企业投资领域的差异导致的新旧动能转化的差异,存在进一步拉大我国南北经济差距的可能。

论政府信息公开的实现机制

政府信息公开的实现机制在于公众可以通过什么途径获得政府所掌握的公共信息。当政府有义务公开而不公开的情形时,公众可以通过什么方式获得救济。公众申请公开必须遵循一定的程序。当公众要求公开政府的信息得不到满足时,可以通过向信息员申诉、行政复议、行政诉讼等救济途径来保障其权利。

论健全与完善我国的政务公开制度

政务公开是手段,是形式,其根本目的是给群众以知情权、决策权和监督权。随着形势的发展和条件的变化,人民群众对政务公开的要求越来越高。各级党政机关应采取有效措施,在思想认识上要不断提高,在运行措施上要真正到位,在配套体系上要逐步完善,使政务公开工作不断推上新的台阶。

突发公共事件管理中政府信息公开的障碍及其消解

突发公共事件危及社会公共安全,具有很大的破坏性。能否及时应对事件,化解矛盾,实现公众知情权,直接考验着政府的管理能力和公信力,关系到社会和谐、稳定的大局。事实说明,坚持信息公开是迅速平息事件的关键。但在实践中,面对突发公共事件,一些政府部门和领导公开事件信息存在困难。文章认为,消解突发公共事件管理中政府信息公开的障碍,必须将制度、文化建设和行为改进相结合,发挥政府、媒体、民间组织和广大社会公众的合力。

改革开放三十年政府支出对二元经济的转化效果——基于时变参数模型的动态分析

基于中国1978—2008年时间序列数据,采用时变参数模型对我国政府支出对二元经济结构转化效果进行分析,结果表明:改革开放30年来,我国政府支出对城乡二元经济结构转化的影响曲线呈U形;政府分类支出方面,不同时期,政府分类支出对二元经济结构转化效果的影响不同。近年来,政府行政性支出和民生性支出对二元经济结构转化具有一定正向影响,但影响效果在不断下降;而基本建设支出对二元经济转化产生了负向影响。要通过制度创新调整政府支出结构,以促进二元经济结构向好的方向转化。

政府信息公开立法问题探析

政府信息公开的立法在我国加入WTO后已经变得越来越迫切。该文针对我国政府信息公开立法几个问题,即政府信息公开立法应当由何种立法主体、采用何种立法层级进行,政府信息公开立法所应当包含的内容框架以及如何看待信息公开立法和行政程序立法的关系等进行探讨,提出了自己的观点和主张。

国外政府开放数据门户服务功能探析

开放数据门户的建设推动了政府信息公开。选取了美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新加坡五国的政府开放数据门户作为样本,对其数据管理、检索与用户参与功能进行了分析,并希望对我国政府信息公开工作有所借鉴。

广州政务信息公开的实践与探索——《广州市政府信息公开规定》颁布实施两周年回顾

政府信息公开是政治民主、法制健全的产物。广州市政府率先推出的具有鲜明特色的"阳光政府"法案《广州市政府信息公开规定》在实践中是富有成效的,但也存在一些问题,需要进一步完善。

基于电子政务的开放型政府建设

开放型政府强调公开、透明、责任、开放等意识,强调政府管理创新机制、信息公开机制和政民互助合作机制,而电子政务的发展,对开放型政府意识树立和机制建设两方面都有不可替代的作用。本文以电子政务为基点,着重于开放型政府建设的对策分析。

中国政府采购促进自主创新的角色分析

2011年6月中国财政部下发了关于停止执行《自主创新产品政府采购预算管理办法》等三份文件的通知,引起了国内外的广泛关注。在该通知背后,隐藏着在对外开放形势下,国内产业升级面临的种种问题与压力。由于政府采购的社会公共性质,其在扶持本土自主创新产业发展中扮演着重要角色。政府采购可以通过相应法律政策的完善、降低企业自主创新中的风险、整合中小企业创新资源、为自主创新企业营造良好公平的竞争环境而促进加快国内的产业升级,提升国家整体的科技竞争力水平。

我国公共行政信息渠道畅通机制初探

公共行政本质上是一个基于信息的系统化过程,是公共信息的输入、转换、输出的循环决策过程。确保公共行政信息畅通是构建效能、透明、民主和法治政府的前提和保证。在信息化浪潮的推动下,信息技术的快速发展为公共信息的快速、便捷传输提供了契机。因此,发展电子政务对改变我国政府信息不畅的局面、疏通公共信息渠道具有重要的现实意义。