Comparative Experiment of Ground Cucumber Varieties for Open Field Cultivation

Seven ground cucumber varieties were cultivated in open field for the comparative experiment. The results showed that Texuan cucumber and Yantai ground cucumber had good commodity characters,good taste and high yield,and their output value exceeded 16 000 yuan/666. 7 m2,so they are more suitable for open cultivation in Yantai region. The next ones are Meiyu Diguawang and Aweishi ground cucumber.

Differences of Photosynthetic Characteristics of the Grape Cultivated in Greenhouse and Open Field in Turpan

[Objective] This study compared the leaf photosynthetic characteristics of Turpan grape cultivated in greenhouses and open field to provide a scientific basis for the high-quality and high-yield cultivation of grape. [Method] Two precocious grape varieties as experimental materials were cultivated in greenhouses and open field, and their net photosynthetic rates （Pn）, photo-response curves and CO2 response curves were determined using Li-400XT portable photosynthesis system. [Result] The leaf Pn of the two varieties cultivated in open field was higher than that in greenhouse. The Pn of Hongqitezao cultivated in open field was the highest, up to 19.79 μmol/（m^2·s）; in the photo-response curves, Hongqitezao cultivated in greenhouse had the largest Pnmax and apparent quantum yield （AQY）, while the Flame Seedless in greenhouse had the smallest light compensation point （LCP）. The light saturation point （LSP） value of greenhouse cultivation was higher than that of open field cultivation. In the CO2 response test, the dark respiration rate （Rd） and Pnmax of greenhouse cultivation were higher than those of open field cultivation, and the carboxylation efficiency （CE） of greenhouse cultivation was lower than that of open field cultivation; the CO2 compensation point （CCP） and CO2 saturation point （CSP） of greenhouse cultivation were lower than those of open field cultivation. [Conclusion] The utilization of elevated light in greenhouse cultivation was more efficient than in open field cultivation; however, the utilization of elevated CO2 in greenhouse cultivation was weaker than tin open field cultivation.

Investigation on Diseases and Pests of Grape Under Rain Shelter Cultivation in Shandong Province

In order to make clear the effects of rain shelter cultivation on the incidence of diseases and pests of grape in Shandong Province,with Summer Black as the material,the diseases and pests of grape under rain shelter cultivation and open field cultivation in Tai'an and Jining were investigated.The results showed that under the rain shelter cultivation condition,the phenological period of grape delayed 5-8 d.The types of grape diseases and pests under the rain shelter cultivation were the same as those in the open filed cultivation.The most serious pests were Apolygus lucorum,followed by Lycorma delicatula,Erythreura apicalis and Thrips tabaci.The most serious leaf disease was downy mildew,and the most serious disease of grape berries was grape sour rot.Compared with the open field cultivation,the rain shelter cultivation could effectively reduce the incidence of pests and diseases in grape leaves and fruit.At the end of May 2018 and 2019,the occurrence rate of grape pests under the rain shelter cultivation in Tai'an reduced by 57.69%and 60.47%,respectively,and those in Jining reduced by 72.22%and 62.50%,respectively.In the middle of July of 2018 and 2019,the incidence of grape fruit diseases under the rain shelter cultivation in Tai'an reduced by 62.49%and 50.07%,respectively,and that in Jining reduced by 49.96%and 100%,respectively.