The Separation of Powers from Functions and the Establishment of a New Structure of Management and Operation of State-owned Assets

The development of the socialist market economy demands the furtherintensification of the reform of the management operating system (MOS)of the state-owned assets, the strengthening of the efficiency in the man-agement of state-owned assets,and the improvement of the operating bene-

Central SOEs and State-owned Assets Management System Witness Great Reform&Development

Since the beginning of 2005, the central SOEs (state-owned enterprises) earnestly carried out and put into effect various strategies and policies as well as work plans of the Central Committee of the Party and the State Council.They kept forging ahead and carved out in an innovative spirit, and made great achievements worth celebrating in their various work.Both sales revenue and total profits of the central SOEs have been growing rapidly and synchronously, and the quality of the stateowned assets have been further improved and appeared a good momentum.……

Profit Delivery Proportion,Operation Performance and Bond Rating of Agricultural State-owned Enterprises

The distribution relationship between the profits of state-owned enterprises and the state has been constantly changing with the times. From the state implementing the policy that state-owned enterprises not pay profits to the state in 1994 to the constant growth of stateowned enterprises in the 21st century,their profits have become more and more abundant. Until 2007,the state issued a document stipulates that the state-owned enterprises should pay part of their profits to the state,but at the initial stage of trial implementation of the policy,the implementation was not effective,and finally in 2010 the state officially announced the collection of profits from state-owned enterprises and increased the proportion of collection. From the perspective of agricultural state-owned enterprises,using the difference-in-difference( DID)model,this paper studied the state policy of increasing the profit delivery proportion of state-owned enterprises in 2020. Through CSMAR database,we selected agricultural state-owned listed companies in the 2008-2013 as samples,tested the impact of the implementation of the new policy in 2010 on the operation performance of agricultural state-owned enterprises,evaluated the implementation effect of the policy through comparing the operation performance before and after the policy,and explored whether the policy has an impact on the bond rating. Through empirical research,it found that increasing the profit delivery proportion of state-owned enterprises is helpful for improving the operation performance of state-owned enterprises and improving the quality of bond ratings,and this policy has more prominent effects on stimulating the performance of monopolistic state-owned enterprises. Therefore,collection of some profits from state-owned enterprises can promote better development of state-owned enterprises and also benefit both the state and the people.

30 years of reform of China's state-owned asset management system

Reform of China’s state-owned asset management system is an important component of China’s economic system reform,but also a key factor in rejuvenating the national economy.In this article,the authors analyzed the background of the reform,summarized the reform process and discussed related question on how to deepen the reform.

The Impact of Carbon Emissions on Asset Values and Operating Cash Flows： Evidence From Australian Listed Companies

In November 2011, the Australian government approved the legislation （Clean Energy Act 2011） to introduce a reduction plan of carbon emissions in Australia. This plan will be implemented from July 2012. This is one of the first accounting studies to investigate the potential impacts of this plan on long-lived asset values and operating cash flows for Australian listed companies. A sample of Australian Securities Exchange （ASX） 200 indexed companies from 2＇006 to 2010 is used. Hypotheses are tested based on Heckman＇s （1979） two-stage approach. Three regression models are developed to examine the association between carbon emissions and asset values/operating cash flows. This study finds that asset values and operating cash flows will be adversely affected, if the reduction plan is implemented. Specifically, this study finds that the book value of long-lived assets will decrease, if listed companies are considered to be emissions-liable. The book value of long-lived assets is further found to be negatively associated with listed companies＇ carbon emission levels. This study also demonstrates that operating cash flows of emissions-liable companies will be adversely affected. However, this study does not find a relationship between operating cash flows and companies＇ emission levels. The empirical findings from Australian listed companies provide the evidence that the reduction plan of carbon emissions will adversely affect corporate entities＇ asset values and operating cash flows. The results further indicate that the magnitude of the impact will be proportional to the companies＇ emission levels. The implications of these empirical findings for listed companies, for the accounting profession, and for carbon emission regulators are also discussed.

Should State-Owned Enterprises Operate Self-Run Kindergartens?

With the arrival of the ＂two child era＂ in China, preschool educa tion has become an even more difficult issue for many Chineseparents. According to the research result of Education Policy Center of Southwest University, with China＇s implementation of the two child policy in 2016, the demand for preschool education will see a sharp increase from 2019 and reach its peak in 2021.

State of the Art and Emerging Trends in Operations and Maintenance of Offshore Oil and Gas Production Facilities:Some Experiences and Observations

Plant maintenance has been a discipline that has gradually evolved with the industrial revolution. For quite some time, it has been a ＂necessary evil＂ in production, manufacturing, and process settings. The changing business needs and industrial conditions have had various impacts on the maintenance process, particularly over the last few years. While some industries have inherent difficulties seeing what maintenance is all about, others have begun to add more flavor to the organizational maintenance practices. This article brings an overview of developments within the offshore oil and gas production sector.

Building State-owned Assets Supervision System and Conducting Mixed Ownership Reforms to Reinforce Each Other’s Collaboration

Improving the state-owned assets supervision system(SOASS)can effectively get over the defects of systems and mechanisms and further promote the reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises(SOEs);and the deepening of the reform can advance the change of the SOASS to the supervision on capital.By analyzing the relationship between the SOASS and the reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises,we have found that collaborative promotion of the change of the SOASS to the supervision on capital and promotion of the reform of mixed ownership can do good to ameliorating the corporate management mechanism,improving the market-oriented management mechanism of enterprises and completing the medium-and long-term incentive mechanisms,etc.to enhance business operation efficiency.Due to such prevailing problems as relative dispersion and vagueness of the policies relating to deepening the reform of SOEs,inconsistent progress of the reform of state-owned assets(SOAs)and SOEs,and corporate reform focusing on apprence,improving the SOASS and deepening collaborative development of the reform of mixed ownership of SOEs are hindered by some constraints.To construct and improve the SOASS and the reform of mixed ownership collaboratively,we should make efforts to promote the reform in the following five aspects,namely,placing importance to policy coordination,boosting synchronism of the reform of SOAs and SOEs at different levels and in different areas to coordinate the nationwide reform of SOAs and SOEs,facilitating reform of the mechanism of enterprises of mixed ownership through mixed capital,and promoting the SOASS and stimulating classified monitoring and reform of mixed ownership based on classified reform of SOEs.

Asset allocation： Evidence From China

As a key part of a corporate＇s operation, Asset allocation is critical to its survival and development This paper uses Markowitz financial security portfolio theory on corporate＇s asset allocation, to derive the optimal asset allocation for an corporate in China through case study.

油气资产折耗与PD储量关系及管控措施研究

随着勘探开发不断深入,油气田企业完全成本呈逐年上升趋势,而油气资产折耗在完全成本中占比高达50%左右,降低完全成本的关键在于管控折耗。证实已开发(Proved Developed,PD)储量是油气资产折耗计提基础,主要通过折耗影响完全成本。从油气资产折耗的影响因素入手,深入挖潜折耗、操作成本、油气资产净额、产量等因素与PD储量之间的量化关联关系。通过实例分析,对不同区块开展折耗—PD储量—操作成本敏感性分析,建立折耗定量分配模型,针对性提出具体折耗管控措施,实现折耗计提与储量评估之间的科学有效联动。研究结果为油气田企业超前部署储量评估、管控油气资产折耗,降低完全成本,优化油气资产结构提供了策略建议。

国资监管体制改革与国有企业投资效率

国资监管体制已由“管资产与管人管事相结合”的模式向以“管资本”为主的模式转变,这为国有企业的高质量发展提供了制度保障。本文以2009—2019年中国沪深A股上市国有企业为样本,实证检验国资监管体制改革对国有企业投资效率的影响。研究结果表明,国资监管体制改革显著提升了国有企业投资效率,代理成本降低与政府干预弱化在其中发挥了中介作用。进一步研究发现,政府治理水平在国资监管体制改革与国有企业投资效率之间具有正向调节作用。异质性分析发现,在非西部地区和金字塔层级低的国有企业中,国资监管体制改革对其投资效率的提升作用更显著。经济后果检验表明,国资监管体制改革通过提高国有企业投资效率提升了国有企业价值。研究结论为进一步深化国资国企改革提供了经验证据。

共同富裕视阈下经营性资产匮乏型村庄集体经济发展路径研究——以湖南标东垅村为例

经营性资产匮乏型村庄集体经济的发展壮大是推动共同富裕的重点和难点,找准适宜有效的发展路径是推动该类型村庄集体经济发展的关键所在。文章基于典型个案视角,对湖南省怀化市溆浦县标东垅村集体经济发展路径进行研究发现,推动资源经济价值释放与转化、推动资金向村集体经营性资产转化、推动乡村产业发展共同体构建等成为该村不断壮大集体经济,走向共同富裕的有效路径。实践给其他同类型村庄带来的启示有:经营性资产匮乏型村庄集体经济发展需要以多元绿色适度规模经营为特征的产业支撑,需要政策与项目支持和社会资本的进入,需要共创共建共享的合作模式。

文旅企业视角下轻资产运行模式财务绩效提升路径——以D文旅公司为例

轻资产运营模式为中小企业提供了一种全新的运营方向。作为一种以价值为驱动的资本战略,轻资产运营模式下的企业更为专注核心业务的研发与挖掘,而将非核心业务外包出去,一定程度上化解了重资产型企业高周转模式下的高杠杆、高负债问题,提高了企业运营的安全性与稳健性。在研究中选择以D文旅公司为例,分析其轻资产运营模式的转型历程,并从盈利、偿债、营运、成长这四个方面结合具体数据分析其财务绩效提升情况,最终提出具体的路径策略。

利润上缴政策改革与企业金融资产投资

近年来中国经济呈现出一定的“脱实向虚”趋势,对企业的风险管控与持续发展提出了严峻挑战。以2003—2019年中国A股中央企业控股公司和非国有公司为样本,本文考察了国有资本管理改革对企业金融资产投资的影响。研究发现:(1)中央企业利润上缴政策实施显著抑制了企业的金融资产投资行为,且主要表现为对投机性金融资产的抑制;(2)随着上缴比例的不断调高,政策效果愈发明显;(3)当企业资源丰富、行业盈利能力较弱以及高管业绩偏好较高时,政策效果受到一定削弱;(4)政策实施降低了金融资产中的“投机”成分,进而缓解了企业经营风险。本文从宏观政策角度丰富了企业金融化影响因素的研究,也丰富了国有资本管理改革政策经济后果的研究。本文的结论对于完善国有资本管理制度、深化国有企业改革具有较为重要的政策意义。

国有资本经营预算实施如何影响地方国企现金持有?

党的二十大报告提出“健全现代预算制度”,其中强化国有资本经营预算统筹是深入推进现代预算制度改革的重点任务。基于此,选取2004—2019年中国A股地方国企与民企数据,运用交错双重差分模型,考察国有资本经营预算对地方国企现金持有的影响及作用机制。研究发现,国有资本经营预算实施增加了地方国企的现金持有,其主要途径源于对过度投资和金融资产投资的抑制。异质性分析表明,上述效应显著存在于位于国有资本发展程度较高的省份和东中部地区、控制链距离较短、内部控制较弱的地方国企中。进一步研究发现,国有资本经营预算实施增加地方国企现金持有,能够增加企业创新投入,最终提升企业价值。因此,地方国企应把握国有资本经营预算实施的契机,提高公司治理能力,增加创新投入,实现企业价值提升。

国资监管体制改革与国企费用粘性——来自“两类公司”改革试点的证据

改组组建国有资本投资公司和国有资本运营公司(以下简称“两类公司”)是深化国资监管体制改革的重点任务。从成本费用管控视角,利用2008—2021年“两类公司”改革试点数据,探讨以设立“两类公司”为核心的国资监管体制改革对国有企业费用粘性的影响。研究发现,“两类公司”改革能够显著降低控股国有企业的费用粘性,其内在机制是“两类公司”改革通过强化经营预算管理和嵌入党组织治理实现控股国有企业费用粘性的降低。进一步分析表明,“两类公司”改革对费用粘性的抑制作用在由多家“两类公司”协同控股、控股链条较短、股权制衡度较高以及所属类型为中央企业时更显著;限制政府债务大规模扩张和加强产品市场竞争,均能有效提高“两类公司”改革对费用粘性的抑制作用。文章从政治观和经理人观视角揭示了国资监管体制改革降低国有企业费用粘性的内在机理,为完善“两类公司”改革、推动“有为政府”与“有效市场”有机结合、降低国有企业费用粘性提供了重要参考。

轻资产运营模式与数智化管理赋能——基于珠海万达商管的案例研究

越来越多的企业热衷于轻资产运营模式,本文以珠海万达商业管理集团股份有限公司(简称珠海万达商管)为研究对象开展单案例研究,通过分析该公司对外招股说明书等公开资料,结合相关理论文献,提出了商业物业类企业轻资产运营模式的基本框架,分析了委托运营管理和收益分成型租赁等轻资产运营模式的主要特征。本文认为,轻资产运营模式在不同行业和企业应有差异化的应用,并匹配管理体系的创新变革。本文研究发现,企业的数智化管理主要聚焦于收入、成本、管理三个方面,通过服务体验、客户画像、智能运营、数据分析规划等方式,支撑企业轻资产运营模式,最终提高经营绩效与企业价值。这些结论既丰富了轻资产运营模式的理论逻辑和数智化支撑的管理方略,也为相关企业应用轻资产运营模式提供了实操性启示。

将巴西打造成海外深水石油核心产区的思考

当下,全球深水、超深水已经成为国际石油公司跨国油气勘探开发的重要领域。在分析巴西国际油气合作基础、发展现状及趋势的基础上,通过计算全球主要深水油气资产的单桶盈亏平衡油价,认为巴西深水-超深水极具勘探开发成本优势。对比分析6大国际石油公司和中国石油公司在巴西的布局策略,认为中国石油公司在作业者身份获取及勘探资产部署两方面有所欠缺。提出了新形势下中国石油公司在巴西的投资策略,即通过深化与巴西国家石油公司的战略合作,将巴西项目打造成海外深水石油核心产区。具体措施包括:提前购买多用户地震数据,超前评价,有效支撑未来永久招标模式的投标决策和优质项目获取;通过参股、联合作业到独立作业“三步走”战略,补足深水作业短板;以多种方式获取勘探开发各类资产,快速培植核心产区。

股份合作制改革与农村集体经营性资产治理绩效

股份合作制改革是推动农村集体经营性资产实现“共建共治共享”治理格局的可行思路,但其实施成效仍有待严谨的检验。本文使用河南省381宗农村集体经营性资产的治理历程调查数据,采用交错双重差分法,从公平和效率两个维度评估了股份合作制改革对农村集体经营性资产治理绩效的影响。研究结果表明:(1)股份合作制改革能够破除资产占有主体错位、收益分配不公的“异化”问题,促进农村集体经营性资产公平共享;(2)股份合作制改革能够破除资产经营成本高企的“拥挤”问题,提高农村集体经营性资产经营效率;(3)从短期效果来看,股份合作制改革并未促进农村集体经营性资产增值;(4)股份合作制改革对资产治理绩效的影响依试点类型、资产类型、村庄类型、股权设置、股份管理、治理结构、表决原则的差异而存在异质性。为推动改革任务全面准确落实,应秉承时间服从质量的进度要求,完善改革验收办法,适时开展改革“回头看”工作。