Evaluation of Operating Room Noise by Different Medical Specialists

Noise pollution is in an increasing trend in the operating rooms, as has been the case in various other domains in life. It has been shown in studies that the main cause of this noise pollution consist of the behavior related to the operating room personel and the surgical equipment. These higher than normal noise levels may increase stress and decrease communication and performance, apart from the negative health effects on the operating team. In this study, we aimed to explore the sources of noise pollution and the place of music on these effects on anesthesiology and surgical doctors. Questions formulated through a questionnaire have been asked to the anesthesiology and surgical department physicians on a voluntary basis, and their approach to the concept of noise has been assessed. The study was planned as a descriptive study. In total, highest impact from noise pollution was found to be the aspirator (74.3%), chatting (55.4%), noises from the monitors (54.8%), alarms (48.6%), surgical material (25.9%) and music (23.8%). Noise had the most impact on the concentration of the doctors with a rate of 61.9%. Anesthesiologists, when compared to other surgical department physicians, were found to be impacted most by music with 37.2%. It is not realistic to eliminate all the noise and distraction. On the other hand, it can be minimalized through sufficient measures. Yet, general measures to keep the silence isn’t too likely to keep the noise down during long operations. Whereas music stays as a matter of personal choice. Controlled studies on whether to keep or not the music in the operating rooms aren’t yet sufficient, due to which, general recommendations do not apply. As a result of this study, we have found that while music might have performance increasing effects, it still has a potential as a distraction and interfere with the communication in the operating room.

Low noise,continuous-wave single-frequency 1.5-μm laser generated by a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator

We report a low noise continuous-wave （CW） single-frequency 1.5-μm laser source obtained by a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator （SRO） based on periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN）. The SRO was pumped by a CW single-frequency Nd：YVO4 laser at 1.06μm. The 1.02 W of CW single-frequency signal laser at 1.5 μm was obtained at pump power of 6 W. At the output power of around 0.75 W, the power stability was better than ±l.5% and no mode-hopping was observed in 30 min and frequency stability was better than 8.5 MHz in 1 min. The signal wavelength could be tuned from 1.57 to 1.59 μm by varying the PPLN temperature. The 1.5-μm laser exhibits low noise characteristics, the intensity noise of the laser reaches the shot noise limit （SNL） at an analysis frequency of 4 MHz and the phase noise is less than 1 dB above the SNL at analysis frequencies above 10 MHz.

A reweighted damped singular spectrum analysis method for robust seismic noise suppression

(Multichannel)Singular spectrum analysis is considered as one of the most effective methods for seismic incoherent noise suppression.It utilizes the low-rank feature of seismic signal and regards the noise suppression as a low-rank reconstruction problem.However,in some cases the seismic geophones receive some erratic disturbances and the amplitudes are dramatically larger than other receivers.The presence of this kind of noise,called erratic noise,makes singular spectrum analysis(SSA)reconstruction unstable and has undesirable effects on the final results.We robustify the low-rank reconstruction of seismic data by a reweighted damped SSA(RD-SSA)method.It incorporates the damped SSA,an improved version of SSA,into a reweighted framework.The damping operator is used to weaken the artificial disturbance introduced by the low-rank projection of both erratic and random noise.The central idea of the RD-SSA method is to iteratively approximate the observed data with the quadratic norm for the first iteration and the Tukeys bisquare norm for the rest iterations.The RD-SSA method can suppress seismic incoherent noise and keep the reconstruction process robust to the erratic disturbance.The feasibility of RD-SSA is validated via both synthetic and field data examples.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER XD1531 WITH LOW NOISE AT LOW FREQUENCIES

Principles of design are described for the low frequency integrated operationalamplifler XD1531 with low noise. The procedures of design of both the circuit structure and the tran-sistor shape are considered. The first stage of the circuit is designed with the methods of low noise atlow frequencies. The measures which decrease noises, especially, the 1/f noise originating .from thesemiconductor surface state and defects, are used for the transistor structure design. With analysisand comparison to products here and abroad in characteristics, it is shown that XD1531 has a lowernoise index at low frequencies than others, and the effectiveness of design methods for bringing lownoises have been demonstrated.

Area-Efficient Low Power CMOS Image Sensor Readout Circuit with Fixed Pattern Noise Cancellation

A low cost of die area and power consumption CMOS image sensor readout circuit with fixed pattern noise(FPN) cancellation is proposed.By using only one coupling capacitor and switch in the double FPN cancelling correlative double sampling(CDS),pixel FPN is cancelled and column FPN is stored and eliminated by the sampleand-hold operation of digitally programmable gain amplifier(DPGA).The bandwidth balance technology based on operational amplifier(op-amp) sharing is also introduced to decrease the power dissi...

An Evaluation of Chromium OS:the Next Generation Operating System

操作系统是计算机系统中的一个重要部分,是用户应用程序与计算机硬件的接口,为用户执行I/O任务,保持对文件系统的跟踪,负责系统安全并只允许授权用户进入。传统的操作系统不需要网络功能,但大多数支持网络协议。Chromium操作系统是一个基于互联网的操作系统,为网民提供一种可选择的、更快和更安全的方式访问互联网及基于互联网的应用程序。Chromium操作系统的设计从固件级到应用程序级都注重安全意识。Chromium操作系统作为一种辅助计算设备,为利用网络进行工作的用户提供跨不同物理设备的稳定的计算体验。

SET OPERATOR-BASED METHOD OF DENOISING MEDICAL VOLUME DATA

Objective To investigate impulsive noise suppression of medical volume data. Methods The volume data is represented as level sets and a special set operator is defined and applied to filtering it. The small connected components, which are likely to be produced by impulsive noise, are eliminated after the filtering process. A fast algorithm that uses a heap data structure is also designed. Results Compared with traditional linear filters such as a Gaussian filter, this method preserves the fine structure features of the medical volume data while removing noise, and the fast algorithm developed by us reduces memory consumption and improves computing efficiency. The experimental results given illustrate the efficiency of the method and the fast algorithm. Conclusion The set operator-based method shows outstanding denoising properties in our experiment, especially for impulsive noise. The method has a wide variety of applications in the areas of volume visualization and high dimensional data processing.

GAUSSIAN WHITE NOISE CALCULUS OF GENERALIZED EXPANSION

A new framework of Gaussian white noise calculus is established, in line with generalized expansion in [3, 4, 7]. A suitable frame of Fock expansion is presented on Gaussian generalized expansion functionals being introduced here, which provides the integral kernel operator decomposition of the second quantization of Koopman operators for chaotic dynamical systems, in terms of annihilation operators partial derivative(t) and its dual, creation operators partial derivative(t)*.

WHITE NOISE APPROACH TO SCATTERING SOLUTION OF Φ_4～4 WAVE EQUATIONS

Under the framework of white noise analysis, the existence of scattering solutions to the abstract dynamical φ4^4 wave equations in terms of generalized operators （see Section 3 below） is proven via a combination of the characterization for the symbol of generalized operators and the classical scattering results. In addition, some properties （Poincare invariance and irreducibility） of the solutions are discussed.

Multi-step shot noise spectrum induced by a local large spin

We use non-equilibrium Green＇s function method to analyze the shot noise spectrum of artificial single molecular magnets（ASMM） model in the strong spin–orbit coupling limit in sequential tunneling regime, mainly focusing on the effects of local large spin. In the linear response regime, the shot noise shows 2S ＋ 1 peaks and is strongly spin-dependent.In the nonlinear response regime, one can observe 2S ＋ 1 steps in shot noise and Fano factor. In these steps one can see the significant enhancement effect due to the spin-dependent multi-channel process of local large spin, which reduces electron correlations.

Proximity point algorithm for low-rank matrix recovery from sparse noise corrupted data

The method of recovering a low-rank matrix with an unknown fraction whose entries are arbitrarily corrupted is known as the robust principal component analysis （RPCA）. This RPCA problem, under some conditions, can be exactly solved via convex optimization by minimizing a combination of the nuclear norm and the 11 norm. In this paper, an algorithm based on the Douglas-Rachford splitting method is proposed for solving the RPCA problem. First, the convex optimization problem is solved by canceling the constraint of the variables, and ~hen the proximity operators of the objective function are computed alternately. The new algorithm can exactly recover the low-rank and sparse components simultaneously, and it is proved to be convergent. Numerical simulations demonstrate the practical utility of the proposed algorithm.

Comparative Analysis of Operating System of Different Smart Phones

Nowadays rapidly increasing technology is mobile phone technology in telecommunication sector. This mobile device technology has great effect on everyone’s life. This technology has reduced the burden of people in their daily life. To manage the rising demand for such mobile devices, numerous operating systems came in the market as a platform upon which modern application can be produced. As a result, numbers of platforms and essential depository describe these platforms;customers may or may not be aware of these platforms that are appropriate for their needs. In order to solve this issue, we examine the most famous mobile phone operating systems to decide which operating system is most suitable for developers, business applications as well as casual use. In this paper we make assessment on the popular operating systems of mobile devices available in the business market, and on behalf of such assessment we distinguish that operating system OS is much useful of its particular characteristics compared with other systems.

Solution of the Generalized Abel Integral Equation by Using Almost Bernstein Operational Matrix

A direct almost Bernstein operational matrix of integration is used to propose a stable algorithm for numerical inversion of the generalized Abel integral equation. The applicability of the earlier proposed methods was restricted to the numerical inversion of a part of the generalized Abel integral equation. The method is quite accurate and stable as illustrated by applying it to intensity data with and without random noise to invert and compare it with the known analytical inverse. Thus it is a good method for applying to experimental intensities distorted by noise.

Entanglement dynamics of two-qubit systems in different quantum noises

The entanglement dynamics of two-qubit systems in different quantum noises are investigated by means of the operator-sum representation method. We find that, except for the amplitude damping and phase damping quantum noise, the sudden death of entanglement is always observed in different two-qubit systems with generalized amplitude damping and depolarizing quantum noise.

Digital arc welding power supply based on real-time operating system

A digital arc welding power supply was designed with the advanced reduced instruction set computer machine （ARM） and embedded real-time multi-task operating system micro C/OS- Ⅱ. The ARM, with its powerful calculating speed and complete peripheral equipments, is very suitable to work as the controller of the digital power supply. The micro C/OS- Ⅱ transplanted in ARM, helps to improve the respondent speed against various welding signals, as well as the reliability of the controlling software. The welding process consists of nine tasks. The tasks of great significance on reliability of the welder, for example, the A/D conversion of current and voltage, enjoy top priority. To avoid simultaneous-sharing on A/D converter and LCD module, two semaphores are introduced in to ensure the smooth performance of the welding power supply. Proven by experiments ,the ARM and the micro C/OS- Ⅱ can greatly improve both the respondent speed and the reliability of the digital welder.

面向实时操作系统μC/OS-II的两级优先调度算法

C/OS-II采用抢占式优先级调度算法,根据任务的重要程度分配不同的优先级,以确保系统的实时性。但μC/OSII不允许多个任务具有相同优先级,不仅限制了并发任务的数量和灵活性,而且在某些情况下会增加系统的复杂度,甚至可能给系统的运行造成安全隐患。本文通过改进μC/OS-II的优先级位图结构与调度算法,为μC/OS-II扩展了2级优先调度机制。改进后的系统允许用户为多个任务赋予相同的优先级,同一优先级下的任务按照二级优先级进行调度,且可以根据实际需要灵活选择二级调度策略。实验表明,该算法可有效提高μC/OS-II的并发能力和资源利用率,同时保持较低的系统开销和响应时间。

Effect of Impulse Noise on Wireless Relay Channel

Relay Network is most suited wireless communication technique for future Smart Grid, because it has a lot of advantages such as reliability against failures and offers redundancy, self-configuring and self-healing. For example if one nod or path is blocked, it can find a neighbour node, by different algorithms schemes. The purpose of this paper is to simulate wireless relay channel model in presence of impulse noise and computing the BER performance of channel data. It makes to be useful for a designer to predicting error and behaviour of a channel for optimum design, to be able choose a robust channel.

基于μC/OS-II实时操作系统的发电机微机继电保护装置

μC/OS-II是一种源码公开的实时操作系统内核,具有易移植、可靠、稳定等特点,作者研制了基于μC/OS-II实时操作系统的嵌入式发电机微机继电保护装置,论述了将实时操作系统引入微机继电保护的必要性和应用价值。完成了μC/OS-II在高性能浮点DSP芯片TMS320VC33上的移植工作,将μC/OS-II与TMS320VC33相结合,进而依据保护原理提出了该装置的保护方案。该保护装置的多种功能通过划分不同的任务来完成。实践表明,采用μC/OS-II的嵌入式发电机微机继电保护装置具有可靠、灵活、易于维护等优点。

uC/OS-Ⅱ在仪器仪表中的应用

本文介绍了实时嵌入式操作系统 u C/ OS- 在仪器仪表中的应用。首先对 u C/ OS- 做了简介 ,讨论了在其移植过程中的一些优化问题 ,一定程度上增加了系统的效率 ,提高了任务响应速度 ,然后通过一个具体的实例 ,介绍了 u C/ OS- 中任务切换的实现 ,以及在 89C5

μC／OS在龙芯处理器上的移植及性能分析

在以国产CPU龙芯2E为核心的PC104 Plus处理器模块上移植嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-II,对其实时性能进行评价。阐述处理器相关函数的编写及与PMON的整合等关键技术,讨论系统实时性能评价的一般方法,包括Rhealstone方法、进程分派延迟时间法和三维表示法等。在此基础上选择Rhealstone方法中的2个指标对整个系统的实时性能进行分析。实验结果表明,系统的实时性能可满足一般实时系统的需求。