Analgesic Effect of Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia and its Effect on TNF-α and CRP Levels in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture During Surgical Treatment

Objective:To observe the analgesic effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Method:One hundred and twenty elderly hip fracture surgery patients treated in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 60 cases in the experimental group and 60 in the control group.The experimental group was given combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention measures,while the control group was given epidural anesthesia intervention measures.The analgesic effect,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),C-reactive protein(CRP)levels,and other observation indicators were analyzed after anesthesia intervention.Result:After the intervention,the analgesic effect and the evaluation results of the subjects in the experimental group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05);the obtained values of TNF-αand CRP levels in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention demonstrated positive outcomes.The analgesic effect of patients during surgery and their inflammatory factor levels improved,which makes this intervention worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Effects of surgical treatment modalities on postoperative cognitive function and delirium in elderly patients with extremely unstable hip fractures

BACKGROUND As the perioperative risk of elderly patients with extremely unstable hip fractures(EUHFs)is relatively high and therapeutic effect is not satisfactory,new therapeutic strategies need to be proposed urgently to improve the efficacy and clinical outcomes of such patients.AIM To determine the influence of two surgical treatment modalities on postoperative cognitive function(CF)and delirium in elderly patients with EUHFs.METHODS A total of 60 elderly patients consecutively diagnosed with EUHF between September 2020 and January 2022 in the Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital were included.Of them,30 patients received conventional treatment(control group;general consultation+fracture type-guided internal fixation),and the other 30 received novel treatment(research group;perioperative multidisciplinary treatment diagnosis and treatment+individualized surgical plan+risk prediction).Information on hip function[Harris hip score(HHS)],perioperative risk of orthopedic surgery[Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity(POSSUM)],CF[Montreal cognitive assessment scale(MoCA)],postoperative delirium[mini-cognitive(Mini-Cog)],adverse events(AEs;internal fixation failure,infection,nonunion,malunion,and postoperative delirium),and clinical indicators[operation time(OT),postoperative hospital length of stay(HLOS),ambulation time,and intraoperative blood loss(IBL)]were collected from both groups for comparative analyses.RESULTS The HHS scores were similar between both groups.The POSSUM score at 6 mo after surgery was significantly lower in the research group compared with the control group,and MoCA and Mini-Cog scores were statistically higher.In addition,the overall postoperative complication rate was significantly lower in the research than in the control group,including reduced OT,postoperative HLOS,ambulation time,and IBL.CONCLUSION The new treatment modality has more clinical advantages over the conventional treatment,such as less IBL,faster functional recovery,more effectively optimized perioperative quality control,improved postoperative CF,mitigated postoperative delirium,and reduced operation-related AEs.

Total hip arthroplastyvs. osteosynthesis in acute complex acetabular fractures in the elderly:Evaluation of surgical management and outcomes

Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the open reduction internal fixation and total hip arthroplasty directions, results and complications associated with internal fixation in managing these fractures. <br> Methods: In 8 years at 4 centers, 61 patients with associated acetabular fractures (Letournel classification) were treated. The patients were divided into two groups. The total hip arthoplasty (THA) group consisted of 30 patients, while the open reduction internal fixation group had 31 patients. The average age of the patients was 74.7 years. The following parameters were compared: the duration of surgery and hospitalization, the international unit of red blood cell concentrate transfusion, the time for the verticalization of the patient, perioperative complications, Harris hip score, and the short form (12) health survey. The clinical and radiographic follow-up was performed at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months and annually thereafter. Patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis formed the third comparison group.P≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant according to the analytical Student’s t-test. <br> Results: TheP < 0.05 in favor of theTHAgroup was: surgical time, length of stay, number of the international unit of red blood cell concentrate transfusions, verticalization, quality of life and hip function, a reduction of perioperative complications and reinterventions. <br> Conclusions: Our experience shows that theTHA treatment for acetabular fractures in the elderly is to be preferred.

Trochanteric Fracture of a Congenital/Developmental Dislocation of the Hip in an Elderly Woman: A Case Report

An 87-year-old woman with a residual dislocated hip suffered a trochanteric fracture on the ipsilateral side. The fracture was treated by open reduction and internal fixation surgery with good results. To treat a proximal femoral fracture of the residual dislocated hip in an elderly patient, the patient’s overall status, pre-fracture ability, hip joint configuration, and fracture pattern should be considered.

Observation on the Risk of Falling and Self-efficacy in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture

Objectives:To study the risk of falling and self-efficacy in elderly patients with hip fracture.Methodology:Forty elderly patients with hip fractures that were caused by falling were admitted into our hospital from April 2018 to April 2019,and were enrolled into this study.All patients were assessed by using the Morse Fall Scale(MFS)and Falls Efficacy Scale(FES).The basic situation of the patients with hip fractures caused by falling and the scores of MFS and FES before and after falling were evaluated.Results:Results showed that the number of patients with femoral neck fractures accounted for 70%out of all patients,and the number of patients with intertrochanteric fractures accounted for the remaining 30%of the patients.The number of patients with academic qualification below primary school is 16,the number of patients with middle high school education is 11 and the number of patients with high school education and above is 13.Slipping is the cause of hip fracture that accounted for the most in patients,followed by outing activities,whereas least patients with hip fractures was caused by falling in nursing home.There were 29 patients’who used crutches or walking aids and this number was more than that of those who required the devices.After the MFS and FES analyses,the results(scores of MFS and FES)showed that the risk before the fall was lower.In contrast,the risk of fracture and post-surgery after the fall was greatly increased.Conclusion:The elderly patients with hip fractures were found to have increased risk of falling and thus,these patients require good care.

Control study of short-term curative effect of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty using metal-on-metal large-diameter femoral head for the elderly patients with femoral neck fractures

Objective To discuss the postoperative curative effects of two surgical techniques of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (THA) using metal-on-metal largediameter and conventional diameter femoral head for the elderly patients

The impact of operative timing on clinical outcomes in elderly hip fracture

Objective To study the effect of operative timing on clinical outcomes in elderly hip fracture.Methods Two hundred sixty-seven patients with hip fracture were treated from July 2006 to May 2008.The patients who had an operation within

Preventing Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis After Hip Fracture Surgery in Elderly Patients by Acupoint Application Combined with Pneumatic Compression Therapy

Objective:To investigate and analyze the long-term clinical effects of acupoint application combined with pneumatic compression therapy in the prevention of deep venous thrombosis after hip fracture surgery among the elderly.Methods:Sixty elderly patients who had undergone hip fracture surgery from February 2021 to February 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into two groups via drawing lots.Both the groups received nursing care,but the patients in the observation group were treated with TCM acupoint application combined with pneumatic compression therapy,whereas the control group received pneumatic compression therapy.The evaluation indicators included the patients’quality of life and complications.Results:The incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in the observation group was more than twice(0.3%),whereas the incidence of lower extremity complications in the control group was more than 6 times(20%).There was a significant difference between the two groups(p<0.05).Conclusion:Traditional Chinese medicine acupoint application combined with pneumatic compression therapy is beneficial for the prevention of postoperative lower extremity deep vein thrombosis among elderly patients.In addition,the patients’overall quality-of-life scores in both physiological and psychological aspects improved significantly,which carries significant clinical reference value.

Clinical analysis of nosocomial infection in 180 elderly patients with hip fractures

Objective To discuss the hip fracture in elderly patients with nosocomial infection,to take effective prevention and control measures. Methods Retrospective analysis of data of the elderly hip fracture combined with nosocomial infection during 2009 - 2010 was performed. Results A total of 180 cases of femoral neck

Optimization of transdisciplinary management of elderly with femur proximal extremity fracture:A patient-tailored plan from orthopaedics to rehabilitation

Fractures of femur proximal extremity(FFPE)are the most common fragility fractures requiring hospitalization,with a high risk of mortality,low independence in the activities of daily living and severe consequences on healthrelated quality of life.Timing for surgery has a key role in the management of elderly patients with FFPE as recommended by the Australian and New Zealand guidelines and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines.Early surgery(within 48 h from hospital admission)allows significant benefits in terms of lower rates of postoperative complications and risk of death and can provide better functional outcomes.Therefore,time for surgery could be considered as a comorbidity marker.The choice between conservative or surgical approach surprisingly seems to be still not strongly supported by available literature,but it seems that both 30 d and 1 year risk of mortality is higher with the conservative treatment rather than with surgery.In light of these considerations,the optimization of FFPE management care is mandatory to improve functional outcomes and to reduce sanitary costs.Albeit it is widely accepted that transdisciplinary approach to patients suffering from FFPE is mandatory to optimize both short-term and long-term outcomes,the feasibility of a comprehensive approach in clinical practice is still a challenge.In particular,the large variability of figures involved could be considered both a resource and an additional disadvantage taking into account the difficulty to coordinate multidisciplinary approach covering care in all settings.Therefore,the aim of the present article was to summarize current evidence supporting transdisciplinary management of patients with FFPE,highlighting the benefits,feasibility and limitations of this approach.

Effect of early surgery in high surgical risk geriatric patients with femoral neck fracture and taking antiplatelet agents

AIM: To investigate the effect of early surgical intervention on the high surgical risk elderly patients who sustained femoral neck fracture(FNF) and taking concomitant antiplatelet agents. METHODS: Between 2010 and 2012, a prospective study was conducted on 49 geriatric patients, who took antiplatelet agents, sustained FNF and underwent surgery within 72 h [early surgery(ES) group], and these were compared with a retrospective consecutive case series of patients with similar characteristics(45 cases) who had delayed surgery(DS group) after 72 h during an earlier 3-year period. Postoperative outcomeswere followed for one year and compared. RESULTS: There were non-significant differences in perioperative blood loss, blood transfusion, intensive care unit requirement and postoperative mortality(P > 0.05 all). There were 2 patients(4%) in the DS group who died after surgery(P = 0.23). However, the ES group showed a significantly better postoperative outcome in terms of postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and functional outcome(P < 0.05 all).CONCLUSION: Early hip surgery in geriatric hip fracture patients with ongoing antiplatelet treatment was not associated with a significant increase of perioperative blood loss and postoperative mortality. Moreover, ES resulted in a better postoperative surgical outcome. In early hip surgery protocol, the antiplatelet agents are discontinued and the patient is operated on within 72 h after admission, which is safe and effective for the medically fit patients.

Early Surgery in Femoral Neck Fractures in Elderly: Does Preoperative ASA Score Matter?

Introduction: Early surgical treatment (within 48 hours) has been recommended for femoral neck fractures in order to avoid complications and reduce mortality rate, regardless of presence and severity of comorbidity and preoperative status (ASA score). However some studies evidenced that early surgery doesn’t always have a beneficial effect on mortality and complications. Therefore further studies could be useful in order to better assess risk related factors of patients requiring surgical treatment for femoral neck fracture. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of preoperative ASA score and timing of surgery on mortality, complications and clinical outcome. Methods: All 336 patients operated in our center from January 2013 to December 2014 were selected for this retrospective study. Patients were divided in three groups as follows: group 1 patients treated within 48 hours;group 2 patients treated between 48 to 96 hours;group 3 patients treated over 96 hours. The preoperative ASA score was recorded for each patient. Complication, clinical outcome and mortality at one-year follow-up were evaluated. At follow-up ambulation was graded as: confined to bed, assisted ambulation, and normal ambulation. Complications both local (infections, malunion, dislocation) and systemic (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, lung infections, ischemic disorders of heart) were recorded as well as number of transfusions. Statistical analysis was performed with chi square test and P value Results: 308 patients’ data were fully available for this study. At one-year follow-up return to normal ambulation was higher for patients of group 1 as compared with group 2 and 3 and in group 2 as compared with group 3 (P = 0.04). There was no difference in mortality and return to ambulation between patients with ASA score 1 and 2 (P = 0.06);patients with ASA score ≥ 3 showed a statistically significant higher mortality (P = 0.004) and rate of complications (0.0008) regardless of timing of surgery. There was no statistically significance in blood transfusion among the three groups. Discussion and Conclusion: Clinical outcome, complications and mortality have been previously reported from many authors and most studies agreed that early surgical treatment is recommended regardless of age and preoperative status of the patient. The present study suggests that early surgical treatment is actually able to reduce mortality and complications and to improve clinical outcome in patients with better preoperative conditions, while for patients with ASA score ≥ 3 treatment within 48 hours seems not to prevent mortality and complications and improve clinical outcome.

老年髋部骨折手术延迟的影响因素分析及风险预测模型构建

目的:探讨老年髋部骨折手术延迟的影响因素,构建老年髋部骨折手术延迟风险预测模型。方法:选取2019年11月至2022年11月采用手术治疗的老年髋部骨折患者的病例资料进行研究,将纳入研究的患者按照2∶1的比例随机分为训练集(用于模型构建)和验证集(用于模型验证)。从病历系统中提取纳入患者的信息,包括年龄、性别、体质量指数、骨折类型、美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiologists, ASA)分级、伤前日常活动能力(activities of daily living, ADL)、是否服用影响凝血功能的药物、入院至手术时间、手术方式,是否合并精神障碍、高血压、糖尿病、呼吸系统疾病、心功能不全、肝功能不全、肾功能不全、电解质紊乱、尿酮体异常、下肢静脉血栓、凝血功能异常,以及入院后血清肿瘤坏死因子-α、C反应蛋白水平等。将训练集中的患者根据入院至手术时间分为早期手术组(入院至手术时间<48 h)和延迟手术组(入院至手术时间≥48 h)。先对2组患者的相关信息进行单因素对比分析,再对单因素分析中组间差异有统计学意义的因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析及多重共线性诊断;采用R软件基于贝叶斯网络模型构建老年髋部骨折手术延迟风险预测模型,并采用Netica软件进行贝叶斯网络模型推理。采用受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线评价老年髋部骨折手术延迟风险预测模型的区分度,采用校准曲线评价老年髋部骨折手术延迟风险预测模型的校准度。结果:(1)分组结果。共纳入老年髋部骨折患者318例,训练集212例、验证集106例。根据入院至手术时间,训练集中早期手术组78例、延迟手术组134例。(2)老年髋部骨折手术延迟影响因素的单因素分析结果。2组患者ASA分级、是否服用影响凝血功能的药物及是否合并精神障碍、高血压、糖尿病、呼吸系统疾病、心功能不全、电解质紊乱、凝血功能异常的比较,组间差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=3.862,P=0.049;χ~2=26.806,P=0.000;χ~2=29.852,P=0.000;χ~2=21.743,P=0.000;χ~2=25.226,P=0.000;χ~2=5.415,P=0.020;χ~2=11.683,P=0.001;χ~2=14.686,P=0.000;χ~2=6.057,P=0.014)。(3)老年髋部骨折手术延迟影响因素的多因素分析及多重共线性诊断结果。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,服用影响凝血功能的药物及合并精神障碍、高血压、糖尿病、呼吸系统疾病、心功能不全、电解质紊乱、凝血功能异常均是老年髋部骨折手术延迟的影响因素[β=0.328,P=0.000,OR=5.112,95%CI(2.686,9.728);β=0.322,P=0.000,OR=5.425,95%CI(2.884,10.203);β=0.302,P=0.000,OR=3.956,95%CI(2.189,7.148);β=0.312,P=0.000,OR=4.560,95%CI(2.476,8.398);β=0.291,P=0.021,OR=1.962,95%CI(1.108,3.474);β=0.296,P=0.001,OR=2.713,95%CI(1.520,4.844);β=0.303,P=0.000,OR=3.133,95%CI(1.729,5.679);β=0.296,P=0.015,OR=2.061,95%CI(1.154,3.680)];多重共线性诊断结果显示,上述影响因素均不存在共线性(VIF=1.134,VIF=1.266,VIF=1.465,VIF=1.389,VIF=1.342,VIF=1.183,VIF=1.346,VIF=1.259)。(4)基于贝叶斯网络模型的老年髋部骨折手术延迟风险预测模型的构建与推理结果。基于贝叶斯网络模型构建的老年髋部骨折手术延迟风险预测模型包括8个节点、8条有向边。模型显示,服用影响凝血功能的药物及合并精神障碍、呼吸系统疾病、电解质紊乱、凝血功能异常直接影响手术延迟的发生,合并心功能不全、高血压、糖尿病间接影响手术延迟的发生;推理结果显示,患者合并心功能不全、凝血功能异常及精神障碍时,手术延迟发生率为64.1%。(5)老年髋部骨折手术延迟风险预测模型的评价结果。采用训练集数据进行老年髋部骨折手术延迟风险预测模型评价,ROC曲线下面积为0.861[P=0.000,95%CI(0.810,0.912)],灵敏度为91.29%,特异度为93.35%;校准曲线显示其一致性指数为0.866[P=0.000,95%CI(0.702,0.943)];采用验证集数据进行老年髋部骨折手术延迟风险预测模型评价,ROC曲线下面积为0.848[P=0.000,95%CI(0.795,0.901)],灵敏度为91.62%,特异度为92.46%;校准曲线显示其一致性指数为0.879[P=0.000,95%CI(0.723,0.981)]。结论:服用影响凝血功能的药物以及合并精神障碍、高血压、糖尿病、呼吸系统疾病、心功能不全、电解质紊乱、凝血功能异常均为老年髋部骨折手术延迟的影响因素,基于上述因素构建的老年髋部骨折手术延迟风险预测模型具有较高的应用价值。

锁定钢板桥接固定治疗股骨粗隆下SeinsheimerⅤ型骨折

目的 ：探讨应用锁定钢板桥接固定治疗股骨粗隆下Seinsheimer V型骨折的临床价值。方法 ：2009年3月至2014年9月,采用切开复位、锁定钢板桥接固定治疗18例股骨粗隆下Seinsheimer V型骨折,男16例,女2例;年龄22-67岁,平均41岁。车祸伤12例,高处坠落伤5例,重物砸伤1例;均为闭合性新鲜骨折,伤后至手术时间4-9 d,平均6.2 d。11例使用股骨髁锁定钢板倒置内固定,7例使用股骨近端锁定解剖钢板内固定。结果 ：18例患者手术时间90-155 min,平均110 min;术中出血量350-650 ml,平均425 ml。术中或术后输血共16例,平均输血量300 ml。住院天数为12-18 d,平均14 d。全部病例获得随访,时间8-22个月,平均11.8个月;骨折愈合时间为5-8个月,平均6.6个月。术后未发生感染、内固定失败、髋内翻、下肢外旋畸形、脂肪栓塞等并发症。末次随访Sanders髋关节功能评分平均53.22±6.48,其中优12例,良6例。结论：在坚持生物学固定的前提下,锁定钢板桥接固定治疗股骨粗隆下Seinsheimer V型骨折,具有力学强度高、血供干扰少、并发症少、骨愈合率高、安全可靠的优点,是治疗该类型骨折较为理想的选择。

髋关节前外侧入路治疗Pipkin Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型骨折

目的 :探讨髋关节前外侧入路(Mc Farland及Osborne入路)可吸收螺钉内固定治疗PipkinⅠ、Ⅱ型骨折临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2008年3月至2016年2月采用髋关节前外侧入路(Mc Farland及Osborne入路)可吸收螺钉固定治疗8例股骨头骨折患者,其中男5例,女3例;年龄23~58岁,平均36岁。入院时主要症状:髋关节疼痛、畸形、功能障碍。受伤至手术时间3~12 d,平均5 d。X线片及CT片示髋关节后脱位伴股骨头骨折。Pipkin骨折分型:Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型6例。所有患者急诊在静脉复合麻醉下行髋关节后脱位手法整复复位(Allis法),复位成功后给予骨牵引。术后采用Thompson-Epstein评价标准对髋关节功能进行评价。结果:所有患者术后手术切口Ⅰ期愈合,无其他并发症发生。8例患者获得随访,时间12~36个月,平均30个月。术后6个月复查X线及CT提示骨折愈合,愈合时间3~6个月,平均4个月。根据Thompson-Epstein评价标准:优5例,良2例,可1例。结论 :髋关节前外侧入路既能够不破坏股骨头残存血供、又能够充分显露髋臼和股骨头,是治疗PipkinⅠ、Ⅱ型骨折较理想的手术入路选择。

营养状况、骨代谢及股骨颈强度指数和骨髓脂质分数与老年髋部骨折术后关节功能恢复的关系研究

目的探究营养状况、骨代谢及股骨颈强度指数(FSI)和骨髓脂质分数(LF)与老年髋部骨折术后关节功能恢复的关系。方法选取2021年6月至2023年6月于原阳县中心医院接受治疗的髋部骨折手术老年患者160例为研究对象。根据患者髋关节功能恢复情况进行分组,恢复良好患者87例纳入良好组,恢复不良患者73例纳入不良组。对比两组患者一般资料、营养状况、骨代谢及FSI和LF。结果良好组年龄≥75岁比例、体重、体质量指数(BMI)、股骨粗隆间骨折比例、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白N端肽(NTX)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(TPACP-5b)水平表达均低于不良组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);良好组微型营养评定(MNA)评分、FSI、LF、骨钙蛋白(BGP)水平表达均高于不良组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Logistic回归分析,MNA评分、LF、FSI、NTX、TPACP-5b、BGP水平表达均为影响老年髋部骨折术后关节功能恢复情况的独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析,MNA评分、FSI、LF、NTX、TPACP-5b水平表达均对老年髋部骨折术后关节功能恢复情况有较高的预测价值,曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.936、0.874、0.866、0.884、0.825;BGP水平表达的AUC值为0.634,可作为次要参考。结论观察行髋部骨折手术的老年患者术后营养状况、骨代谢及股骨颈强度指数和骨髓脂质分数的变化情况,有利于早期预测患者术后髋关节功能恢复情况,从而制定相应防控措施,帮助患者早日康复。

手术室音乐心理放松联合损害控制在高龄髋部骨折手术患者中的应用

目的:探讨手术室音乐心理放松联合损害控制在高龄髋部骨折手术患者中的应用。方法:选取2020年7月—2023年6月兖矿新里程总医院收治的100例高龄髋部骨折手术患者。根据随机数表法将其分为干预组(n=50)与对照组(n=50)。对照组给予常规手术室干预,干预组在对照组基础上给予手术室音乐心理放松联合损害控制。比较两组术前及术后1 d负性情绪,入室时、入室30 min后的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP),术前及术后1周疼痛程度,并发症。结果:术后1 d,两组贝克焦虑量表(BAI)、贝克抑郁量表(BDI-Ⅱ)评分均降低,干预组BAI评分、BDI-Ⅱ评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。入室30 min后,两组HR、MAP均升高,干预组HR、MAP均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1周,两组数字评分法(NRS)评分降低,干预组NRS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:高龄髋部骨折手术患者给予手术室音乐心理放松联合损害控制,能够改善负性情绪,维持生命体征稳定,减轻疼痛程度,减少并发症。

凝血指标对髋部骨折患者血栓形成风险的预测

目的探讨凝血指标对髋部骨折患者围术期静脉血栓形成风险的预测价值。方法回顾性纳入2020年2月至2022年12月收入笔者医院的160例髋部骨折患者,采取随机数字表法将其分为训练集(n=112例)和验证集(n=48例),进一步根据训练集患者围术期是否发生深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)划分为发生组和未发生组。使用最小绝对收缩与选择算子(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)选取变量形成LASSO回归模型;绘制受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析模型的预测效能;通过验证集数据实现验证模型的预测效能。结果训练集与验证集患者性别、年龄等一般及临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。训练集内发生组与未发生组患者性别、年龄、骨折至入院时间、体质量指数、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、球蛋白、血红蛋白、血清钙、红细胞体积、白细胞计数、红细胞体积分布宽度、活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶原时间及淋巴细胞比率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过组间相关系数(intraclass correlation coefficient,ICC)与LASSO筛选出6个非零系数的最优变量,分别是年龄、体质量指数、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间及活化部分凝血活酶时间,非零系数依次为9.104、1.792、1.270、2.447、3.037及-1.561。结论年龄、体质量指数、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间及活化部分凝血活酶时间变量联合形成的LASSO回归模型可作为预测髋部骨折患者围术期DVT形成风险的辅助工具。

髋部骨折患者术后肺炎影响因素的研究进展

术后肺炎是髋部骨折患者术后常见的并发症之一,其病死率较高。该症不仅延长患者院内康复的时间,而且严重影响患者的生存质量。因此临床中加强对髋部骨折患者围手术期肺炎的防治尤为重要。在进行防治之前,明确髋部骨折患者术后肺炎的影响因素是减轻患者经济负担、提高医疗效率的关键。本文将术后肺炎的因素归纳为人口统计学因素、伤前合并症、血液指标及临床干预因素四项,确定每个因素的独立性或危险性并对其作用机制及目前的局限性进行综述。